ANSWER KEY

1. Hego de Vries
2. A - Bacteria
3. Myxoedema
4. X- calcitonin
5. a. Leptospira is the pathogen that causes Rat fever
6. c. Cilia cells present
7. Genome - The complete genetic material present in an organism.
8. Axon
9. Hominoidea
10. Brain Spinal cord
• Evoke sensation • Coordinates the repeated movements dur-
ing walking, running
• Coordinates muscular activities and • Impulses from different parts of the body
maintains equilibrium of the body are transmitted to and from brain through
the spinal cord.

11. a. A - Dorsal root

B - Ventral root

d. Dorsal root is sensory, carries impulses to brain and spinal cord.

Ventral root is motor, carries impulses from brain and spinal cord.
12. a. The flow of bile secreted by the liver is blocked. Then there will be an increase in the level of the bile pigment
called bilirubin in blood. This gives a dark yellow colour to the mucus membrane, the nails and the white
portion of the eyes.
b. Diphtheria affects mucus membrane of the nose and the throat. The bacteria produce toxins that destroy the
cells of the mucus membrane. The cells destroyed by the toxins produce an ash coloured thick coating in the
throat.
13. In all all living organisms enzymes control chemical reactions.
Energy is stored in ATP molecules.
Genes determinehereditary traits.
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are the basic substances.
14. a. i. TR ii. tr
b. • Tall plants with round seeds (TTRR, TTRr, TtRR, TtRr)
• Tall plants with wrinkled seeds (TTrr, Ttrr)
• Dwarf plants with round seeds (ttRR, ttRr)
• Dwarf plants with wrinkled seeds (ttrr)

15. Light → Cornea → Aqueous humor → Pupil → Lens → Vitreous humor → Retina → Impulse → Optic
nerve → Cerebrum → Se-nse of Vision.

16. Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

• The condition due to the decreased • The condition due to the increased secr-

secrection of thyroxine. ection of thyroxine,

 • Low metabolic rate
• Increased in body weight,
• decreased heart beat
• lack of appetite
• High metabolic rate,
• Weight loss, increased heart beat
• increased appetite
• excessive sweating
• skin becomes dry and wrinkled

17. a. The inner part of cerebrum is made of myelinated neurons.

b. All spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor nerves

c. Involuntary actions like heart beat and breathing, controlled by medulla oblongata stop.
18. a. i. Sensory neuron ii. Inter neuron
b. No, all reflexes are not under the control of the spinal cord (iii)
We blink our eyes or when light suddenly falls on our eyes or when objects move towards the eye.
Such reflexes under the control of cerebrum (cerebral reflex)
19. a. i. Cercopithecoidea ii. Hominoidea
b. Developed brain, freely movable hands
c. No difference in the number of amino acids in the β chain of haemoglobin in man and chimpanzee
20. i. A - Dendron
B - Sympatic knobs
ii. When impulses reach at B neurotransmitter is secreted to synaptic cleft to stimulate the adjacent part to
generate impulse.
iii. Impulses due to stimulus dendrites  dendron cyton axon axonites synaptic knobs  secre-
tion of neutrotransmitter to the synaptic cleft stimulation in the adjacent dentrites impulse forms.
21. i. Thyroid
ii. A is a hormone disease due to hypothyroidism while B is a deficiency disease due to deficiency of iodine.
iii. Include leafy vegetables and marine food items and iodised salt in your diet.
22. a. HIV Virus
b.  This message is correct. We must try to avoid AIDS not the patient. AIDS is spread mainly by four ways.
 Through body fluids.
 From HIV infected mother to foetus.
 Through premarital or extra marital contact.
 By sharing the needle and syringe used by AIDS patients.
23. a. Parkisons
b. Loss of body balance
c. Epilepsy
d. Continous and irregular discharge of electrical impulses in brain.
e. Degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of an insoluble protein in the neural tissues of the brain.

f. Loss of memory

24.
b. Pupil c. Retina

a.Vitreous
Chamber