DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Construction Technology & Management
Department
Architectural Planning & Design
Arch4093
Prepared by: Alene M,
April 2022
 Chapter III
3. Architectural Design & Drawings
3.1. Architectural design process
• Planning phase
• Generation phase
• Evaluation phase
3.2. Architectural working drawings
• Vicinity map,
• Site development plan,
• Floor plans,
• Elevations,
• Sectioning (long & short direction),
• Perspectives and different types of templates for architectural designs,
 3.1. Architectural design Process
 As highlighted in Chapter one, Architectural design is a process of
generating idea, assessing the aspect analysis, and providing design
solutions for problems. This process is termed as architectural design
process.
 The architectural design involves mainly the client description, the site
context, and architect’s concept including the other design team ideas.
 Hence, it passes through three main design phases; - planning phase,
generation phase, and evaluation phase.
 Architectural design phases

The Steps are generalized as;

1: Programming (pre-design phase)
2: Schematic & Conceptual design. ...
3: Design development. ...
4: Construction drawings
A. Planning Phase
I. Client Brief
II. Literature review
III. Design Program
 IV. Site Analysis
 Before site study the location of the project need to be identified.
 Architecture belongs somewhere, it will rest on a particular place: a site.
 The site will have distinguishing characteristics in terms of topography, location and
historical definitions. Hence, understanding the site is crucial for;

• Materials

• Orientation

• Places & spaces

• Landscape
B. Generation Phase
I. Zone Diagram
II. Bubble Diagram
 III. Schematic Diagram

• The schematic design includes site plan, all floor plans, all
elevations, sections of critical areas.
• It helps to obtain formal client approval of the provided
documents.
IV. Volumetric Study
 B. Evaluation Phase
I. Preliminary Design/ Detail design development
 II. Final Design
• Mainly, it includes final presentation drawings (3D & videos) &
architectural working drawings (plans, elevations, sections)
 3.2. Architectural Working drawings
 After Evaluation phase, the final design includes different construction
working drawings. It includes: architectural, structural, electrical, sanitary,
others according to the type of design.
 Among these, architectural working drawing is the former for others.
 It includes; - location plan, site plan, floor plans, elevation views, sectional
views, architectural details, and perspective views may included.
 These are required drawing documents for submission.
 The submitted documents to be addressed for the contractor, and for the
client with the remaining drawing and other contractual documents.
 I. Location plan/ Vicinity map
• Is the plan or map which guides us to examine the location of the project site form
one or more known references, such as church, city squares /Adebabay/, & others.
• The plan includes more than a district or neighborhood scale in a town or a city.
• It’s scale may use more than 1:500 to 1:5000, and above as per the project area.
It includes;
site
 Street name
 Land mark
 Northing
 Street excess
site  Scale
 Existing structures
 The main purpose of this
Location in small scale
Location in large scale plan
 II. Site development plan
• It describes the plan of project site & its existing surrounding in a block.
• The scale to be used may be 1:200, 1:500, …, 1:1000.
It includes;
• Mostly oriented according to the N- arrow.  Site boundary and dimension
 Access road & name
 Existing blocks
 Existing utility lines
 Vegetation
 Set backs
 Contour lines/topography
 Northing
 Title & Scale
 Legend & description
 III. Floor plans
• It describes the plan of project with a form sliced at a level of around 1.20m
height as viewed perpendicular from the top.
• The scale to be used is usually be 1:100 or 1:50.
• Gives information about functions, adjacency, size of rooms.

It includes;
 Title & Scale
 Title block & notes
 Axis references
 Columns, walls, openings, material
type, area, room names, templates.
 Circulation (vertical & horizontal)
 Dimensions
 Level of rooms in the floor
 IV. Elevation Views
• Are the perpendicular exterior views from the four geographic directions (N,S,E,W).
• The scale to be used is usually be 1:100 or 1:50, corresponding to it’s floor plan.
• Gives information about side appearance, material type, elevation leveling, wall to
roof composition.
It includes;
 Title & Scale
 Title block & notes
 Axis references to the respective view
 Wall and roof material type &
description
 Vertical floor- roof elevation levels
 Level of openings & hand rails, …
 V. Sectional views
• Are the perpendicular interior views from the central area/axis of a room/a block.
• Types include; cross-sectional, longitudinal, & off-sated.
• The scale to be used is usually be 1:100 or 1:50, corresponding to it’s Elev. & floor plan.
• Gives information about interior appearance, material type, height leveling, wall to roof
truss composition, & wall to foundation integration.
It includes;
 Title & Scale
 Title block & notes
 Axis references to the respective view
 Wall and roof truss material size, type
& description
 Vertical floor- roof elevation levels
 Level of openings & hand rails, …
 VI. Perspective drawings

It is a technique for depicting three-dimensional volumes and

spatial relationships in two dimensions, as if from the view-point of
an observer. The main characteristic of perspective is that objects
appear smaller the further they are from the observer.

Perspective in drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface

of an image as it is perceived by the eye. The key concepts here are:
 Perspective is the view from a particular fixed viewpoint.
 Horizontal and vertical edges in the object are represented by
horizontals and verticals in the drawing.
One-Point Perspective

In one-point perspective, the vertical lines that run across the field of view remain
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parallel, as their vanishing points are at "infinity."
Two-Point Perspective

In two-point perspective, the viewer is positioned so that the

objects in the drawing or painting are viewed from one corner, &
to the two vanishing points.
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Three-Point Perspective

In three-point perspective, the viewer is looking up or down so

that the verticals also converge on a vanishing point at the top,
ide, and bottom of the image.
• Generally, this drawings are very easily understood by those who cannot read
plans b/c they convey a ‘real’ impression or view of a space or place.
• It may be one point, two point, or three point perspective types.
• Or it may be human view, bird eye view, and worm eye view according to the
orientation of station point /view source/.
 VII. Templates in Architectural drawings

Architectural templates are usually, furniture templates that has cut-outs

of home furnishing symbols to quickly add detail to room renovation and
interior design drawings including dining, living, and bed rooms.

Sample Furniture Templates

Sample Furniture Templates
 Assignment - 1
Final Project approaches;
• Project: - Residential building
• Story type; - G+1
• Built up area; - 150 M. Squared.
• Site area; - 300 to 500 M. Sq..
• Site location; - in Debre Markos
town, but the land use shall be in
reserved areas for Residence.
• Client; - Civil servant or Merchant,
who have 3 to 5 children.
Final Project Submission terms;
Task 1 (for next week)
1. Site selection (A3, scale-1:200)
2. Site analysis (A3, scale-1:200)
3. Client brief (1 page only, A4)
4. Literature review (Only 12 -15 pages)
5. Program development (use A3, paper)
Task Requirement;
1. Organize 3 members per group.
2. Every member is responsible for every group task
3. Take drawing instruments.
THANKS
TO YOU!!!