MODULE 2 - SELF-AWARENESS, GOOD CITIZENSHIP LEADERSHIP (Edited Copy)

NSTP 001 – NATIONAL PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAM 1
Module 2 - Self-Awareness, Good Citizenship and Leadership

Introduction
In module 1, you have explored the historical background and the legal basis of the
National Service Training Program as stipulated in RA No.9163. By now, you are expected to
have a clearer understanding of NSTP and your roles as a Salettinian youth in nation-building.
This module is focused on the topics about self-awareness, good citizenship and
leadership. Citizenship training is a new term applied in the implementation of the National
Service Training Program. Citizenship training develops your characters to become more
mindful of your responsibilities, rights, and roles in society.
Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Demonstrate awareness of your strengths and weakness by journaling self-awareness.
2. Recommend ways by which good citizenship values may be exemplified.
3. Elaborate on the importance of leadership within the community.
4. Exemplify self-understanding, good citizenship, and leadership in your community.
Contents
THE HUMAN PERSON: OVERVIEW
When we talk about the human person, it is obviously everything that pertains to man -
physical, spiritual, emotional and intellectual attributes. There are several definitions of a human
person based on different perspectives:
➢ Aristotle and Boethius described man as a rational being. As rational being, a person is
able to know, reason out and apply what he knows.
➢ Theologians describe a human person as a substance of physical and spiritual. Spiritual
in nature because man has a soul and is created by a Superior Being with a divine purpose.
Physical in nature, because a person is created with body and faculty that correspond to
his relationship with society.
➢ Dictionaries define a human person as a living, self-conscious animal or a thing.
To fully understand the meaning of a person, let us re-evaluate and understand the
characteristics of a person:
The module is for the exclusive use of the University of La Salette, Inc. Any form of reproduction, distribution, uploading, or
posting online in any form or by any means without the written permission of the University is strictly prohibited. 1
Characteristics of a Person
Eddie Babor discussed in his book “The Human Person, Not Real But Existing” that the
human person have several characteristics, among which are the following:
➢ Rational - Every person is a rational being. This is what distinguishes a person from all
other creatures in the world. As a rational being, a person is free to think and has the
capacity to reason. He can distinguish what is right and what is wrong because he has
intellect.
➢ Free - All human beings are born free. A person has the freedom to do or not to do a
specific action. However, every person must be responsible for his own action. In other
words, a person can do whatever he pleases but not to the extent of doing harm to his co-
creatures.
➢ Unique - Every person is unique. Every person has his own identity such that no two
persons are the same. Generally speaking, human beings have the same characteristics
and physical features and but no two persons are the same because every person has its
own perception, has different sets of values and priorities in life.
➢ Social being - Every person is intrinsically a social being. He cannot detach his “being”
from others and all other creatures in the universe. Human nature is characterized by his
togetherness and relationship towards other creatures; be it a thing, object or his
fellowman.
➢ Sexual - All created living things are sexual in nature but the uniqueness of expression of
a person‟s sexuality makes it all different. The expression of a person‟s emotions,
attitudes, feelings, actions and thoughts in sexual activity best exemplifies his uniqueness
from animals.
Considering the characteristics, and their definitions, given above, it can be deduced that
a human person is the ultimate expression of the Supreme Being that has the freedom,
capacity and ability to reason, reflect and relate to his co-existence.
The Essence Of A Person
By understanding the character and the definition of a person, the next question would
be “how are we going to maximize these characteristics to be able to create a positive result?”
There are several guiding principles in realizing a person‟s competence and ability. The
totality of the person is best explored in the field of humanistic psychology. This study theorized
that a person‟s behavior and relationship with others is shaped by his inner feelings and self-
image.
One of the foundations of humanistic psychology is Abraham Maslow and his theory on
the hierarchy of needs as illustrated below:
The hierarchy of needs has five levels, namely:
➢ Physiological Level - these are biological needs such as food, water and clothing. They
are the strongest needs because when a person is deprived of these, the person will
ultimately find ways to fulfill its satisfaction.
➢ Safety - when physiological needs are met, the person transcends in finding security and
protection from physical and emotional harm.
➢ Social and Belongingness - when the needs for physiological and safety had been
satisfied, the desire for affection, belonging, friendship can become active. Maslow states
that people seek to overcome feeling of loneliness and alienation.
➢ Esteem - there are two esteem needs: The self-esteem that include achievement,
mastery, confidence and the esteem the person gets from others. These include
recognition, respect, attention etc. When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-
confident and valuable as a person in the world. However, when these needs are not met,
the person may feel inferior, weak, helpless and worthless.
➢ Self Actualization - it is the highest form of motivation. Maslow describes this need as
reaching the person‟s peak potential.
As discussed above, Maslow‟s theory pointed out that a person must satisfy first the other
lower needs before he can actually realize his self worth and potential. Accordingly, when lower
needs are unmet, the person cannot fully devote himself to fulfilling his potentials
(Boeree;1988). He theorized that self -actualization is the driving force of human personality.
Thus, a person cannot appreciate intellectual and aesthetic learning when the person is
hungry and his safety is difficult to obtain.
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF/SELF-AWARENESS (WHO AM I?)
One’s image of self is one self-concept. It is composed of one’s feelings and

thoughts; about strengths and weaknesses, abilities, and limitations. One’s self-
concept develops from three sources: other images (how do significant others see me?), social
comparison (how do I compare myself to others?), and one’s interpretations and evaluations
(feelings and behaviors). (Chauhan, 2003).
One way to understand self and selfhood is to conceive it as a unique role in the
general drama of life. It is a role that includes responsibilities that are to be faced, decisions
to be made, relationships and involvements that are to be lived, and work that is to be performed.
(Dela Cruz, 2005)
Self-awareness
• Understanding the way one’s self-concept develops increases one’s self-awareness. The
more one understands why one’s vies one’s self as you do, the better one will understand
yourself. One way to gain self-awareness is by using the JOHARI window of the self.
How do I increase my self-awareness?
• Dialogue with yourself. Listen to what others tell you. Reduce your blind self. See your
different selves and increase your open self.
How do I improve my self-esteem?
• Self-esteem refers to the way one feels about yourself. How much does one like him or
herself? How valuable a person thinks or how competent one thinks he or she is?
• Self-esteem is important because success begets success. If one feels good about oneself
or about one’s personality and what one can do, then performs more effectively.
Here are some tips to improve one’s self-esteem by Joseph de Vito:
• Seek nurturing people, work on projects that will result in success, and remind yourself
that you do not have to be loved by everyone.
• Attack yourself destructive beliefs. (These are things that you believe damage your self-
esteem and prevent you from building productive and meaningful relationships).
• Engage in self-affirmation by reminding yourself of your access from time to time.
GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES
The Preamble of the 1987 Constitution
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, to build a just and
humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserves, and develops our patrimony. Secure ourselves and our
posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
• Good governance is not enough. Good citizens are also needed. The sixteen good
citizenship values derived from the constitution's preamble should be applied to and
transform into concrete actions to build our nation. (Baltazar, 2006).
• Suppose people are to press for good governance. In that case, we must demand from
ourselves, each of us, young and old, rich or poor, Muslim, Christian, Protestant, Good
citizenship values that are values-based and values-driven to build a better a nation and
better Philippines. (Baltazar,2006).
The Good Citizenship Values
A. PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
• Faith and belief in Almighty God, active spirituality

• Respect for life
• Order
• Work
• Concern for the family and future generations
B. PAGKAMAKA-TAO
• Love
• Freedom
• Peace
• Truth
• Justice
C. PAGKAMA-BAYAN
• Unity
• Equality
• Respect for law and government
• Patriotism
• Promotion for the common good
D. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN
• Concern for the environment
Who are the citizens of the Philippines?
According to the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the following are the citizens of our country:
a) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
b) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
c) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority; and
d) Those who are naturalized by law
Duties and Responsibilities of the Filipino CitizensUTIES & RESPONSIILIITIZEN

1. Every Filipino has to respect, honor, and give due to his Filipino heritage, patrimony,
values, and tradition.
2. Every Filipino must contribute to the development, welfare, and nation-building of its
country.
3. Every Filipino has to engage in gainful work to assure himself and his family a life worthy
of human dignity.
4. Loyalty to the federal republic and national consciousness, aspirations, and ideals shall
be asked from every Filipino citizen.
5. Every Filipino citizen is asked to uphold this Constitution, obey the land laws, pay taxes
and duties, and cooperate with the duly constituted authorities to attain and preserve a
just and orderly society.
6. Every Filipino citizen must give due honor to the Philippine flag, National Anthem,
Philippine President, and other national symbols and emblems.
7. Very Filipino citizen has to defend the national territory from aggressive invaders, protect
the sovereignty of its people, and preserve the continuity of a just, human society and
government.
8. Every Filipino must report to the proper authorities all plots of terrorism, plans of
rebellion, subversion, or insurrection toward the duly and legally acknowledge
government, and other acts that will compromise the federal republic's union and
sovereignty.
9. Every Filipino should report corrupt, dishonest, or fraudulent government officials to the
proper forum, courts, and agencies. A Filipino shall not tempt or bribe government
officials, steal from the government's coffers, or escape or abandon his lawful
responsibilities.
10. Every Filipino's responsibility is to elect government officials to demonstrate his ideas
and aspirations for the motherland. Omission or abstention from this responsibility may
indicate a person's renunciation of his rights of suffrage. No fine or inappropriate or
excessive penalty shall be asked from him as reparation for his choice not to vote. People,
who lost their social right of suffrage, may reclaim such requests by the law.
REPUBLIC ACT 8491 – FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

For the implementation of the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines, the NSTP should be guided
with the following provisions:
SEC. 2. States that it is the policy of the state to prescribe the Code of the National Flag, Anthem,
Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other Heraldic Items and Devices of the Philippines, ensure the
promotion and implementation of its corresponding rules and regulations, and adopt effective
administrative, regulatory, coordinative and supervisory programs and activities, where
appropriate, in conformity with national government policies.
SEC. 4. The Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines will promote or sustain reverence and respect
forthe flag, the anthem and other national symbols, and those which symbolizes the national
ideals and traditions.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
These are the terminologies used in these rules:
• Military – means all the branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau
of Fire Protection.
• Festoon – to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration.
• National Flag – is the National Flag and Ensign of the Philippines, use on land and sea by
public, private and the military and shall refer to the flag or any other design that
resembles it as likely to cause any person to believe that it is the flag or design stated.
• Fly – is the part of the flag outside the hoist or length.
• Symbol – any conventional sign that shows man’s achievement and heroism,
identification, authority and a sign of dignity.
• Half-mast – is the lowering of the flag to the middle of the pole.
• Halyard – the long rope used for raising and lowering the flag.
• Inclement Weather – when there is a typhoon signal raised in a locality.
• National Anthem – the “Lupang Hinirang”, Philippine National Anthem.
• Official Residences – is Malacanang and other government-owned structures where the
President lives, and other structures occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies
abroad.
• Places of Frivolity – places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or
recreation.
• Advertisement or Infomercial – these are any information material, printed or through
radio, television and electronic media which seeks to promote individuals, products or
services, political purposes or information campaigns.
• Heraldic Items and Devices – are coat-of-arms, seals, logos, insignia, badges, flashes,
patches, orders and decorations, medals, stars, citations, lapel pins, trophies, dry, wax or
wet seals, and imprints on letterheads, envelops and cards.
• Government Entities – all branches of government, its bureaus and attached agencies,
constitutional offices, government owned and/or controlled corporations, government
financial institutions, state universities and colleges, Armed Forces of the Philippines and
its basic units.
• Vexillary Items – national, local house flags or administrative and corporate
organization’s banner.
3. LEADERSHIP AND TEAMBUILDING
• Leadership comes from the word leader, which means to lead people on a journey. In
every organization, a leader is an essential person. He leads co-students to attain the goals
that they have set (Dela Cruz, 2005).
• On the one hand, a team is a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their
work to accomplish specific goals. (Chauhan, 2002).
• Teamwork means when team members know their objectives, contribute responsibly and
enthusiastically to the tasks, and support one another. (Chauhan, 2003).
• Teambuilding, on the other hand, is when team members must be work together. It is the
process of making teams more effective and efficient by encouraging members to examine
how they would work together, identify their weaknesses, and develops more effective
ways of cooperating. (Chauhan, 2003).
Approaches to Leadership
• Traits Approach
➢ Emphasizes that leaders must possess certain qualities if they are to function
effectively.
• Functional Approach
➢ Helps identify what the leader should do in a given situation.
• Situational Approach
➢ Focuses on two major tasks of the leader-accomplishing the task at hand and
ensuring the members' satisfaction. It also recognizes that the leader's style must
vary based on the specific situation.
The Four Basic Leadership Styles
• Directing- the leader provides specific instructions and closely supervises task
accomplishment.
• Coaching- the leader continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishment,
explain decisions, solicit suggestions, and support progress.
• Supporting- the leader facilitates and supports subordinates' efforts towards task
accomplishment and shares responsibility for decision-making with them.
• Delegating- the leader turns over responsibility for decision-making and problem-
solving to subordinates.
Team Cohesiveness
• The extent to which the members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it.
To attain cohesiveness, the following factors should be considered:
a) Team interaction-more contact between team members, more time spent

together.
b) Shared goals-agreeing on purpose and directions binds the team together.
c) Personal Attraction to the Team-similar attitudes and values and enjoying
being together.
d) Presence of Competition- when the team is in moderate competition with
other groups, its cohesiveness increases as it strives to win.
e) Team Success and Favorable Evaluation of the Team-succeeding in its task
and its recognition by others generate good feelings among members and increase
their commitment to the team.
According to Padilla (2006), leadership should have the following meaning and connotation:
L- Should stand for love. loyalty to God, country for people;
E- Should stand for enthusiasm, energetic effort to help and serve others.
A- Should mean action and accomplishment.
D- Means dedication, discipline, dignity, decency, devotion to duty, and decisiveness for the
general welfare.
E- Should stand for excellence, exemplary works for others to follow and emulate.
R- Should mean reliability, responsibility, respect for law and rights for others,
reconciliation for peace and unity.
S- Should stand for sincerity, service, self-sacrifice, and social justice to make life better for
humanity.
H- Should mean humility, honesty, honor, and helpfulness.
I- Should mean for integrity, idealism, interest and initiatives and
P- Must mean leadership beyond partisanship, religious creed, and works for peace,
progress, and prosperity.
Summary
One's image of self is one’s self-concept. It encompasses one's feelings and thoughts;
about strengths and weaknesses, abilities, and limitations. One's self-concept develops from
three sources: other images (how do significant others see me?), social comparison (how do I
compare myself to others?), and one's interpretations and evaluations (feelings and behaviors).
(Chauhan, 2003). One way to understand self and selfhood is to conceive it as a personal role in
the general drama of life. It is a role that includes responsibilities that are to be faced, decisions
to be made, relationships and involvements that are to be lived, and work that is to be performed.
(Dela Cruz, 2005) Good Citizenship Values include Pagkamaka-Diyos, Pagkamaka-Tao,
Pagkama-Bayan, and Pagkamaka-Kalikasan. Leadership means to lead people on a journey
exemplifying these values.
As a student leader, your task is to lead your fellow students to attain the set goals (Dela
Cruz, 2005). A team is a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to
accomplish specific goals. (Chauhan, 2002). Teamwork is attained when team members know
their objectives, contribute responsibly and enthusiastically to the tasks, and support one
another. (Chauhan, 2003). Teambuilding, on the other hand, is when team members must work
together. It is the process of making teams more effective and efficient by encouraging members
to examine how they would work together, identify their weaknesses, and develops more
effective ways of cooperating. (Chauhan, 2003). Good governance is not enough. Good citizens
are also needed. All Filipino citizens are challenged to live out these sixteen good citizenship
values described in the constitution's preamble. Transforming these into concrete actions would
help build our nation. If people are to press for good governance, we must demand from
ourselves, young and old, rich or poor, Muslim, Christian, Protestant, Good citizenship values
that are values-based and values-driven, so we can build a better nation and better Philippines.
(Baltazar,2006).
References
• Atkinson, Atkinson, Smith and Bem. Introduction to Psychology 10th edition :Harcourt
Brace Jovanavich Publishers, 1990.
• Babor, Eddie R. The Human Person: Not Real but Existing: C & E Publishing
Incorporated, 2001.
• Boeree, George C. Personality Theories: 1988.
• Warren, Rick. The Purpose Driven Life : OMF Literature Inc, 2002.
• Simons,Janet A. Irwin,Donald B.; Drinnien, Beverly A.: The Search for Understanding:
NewYork, West Publishing Company, 1987.
• Andres, Tomas Quintin and Pilar Corazon Ilada-Andres.: Making Filipino Values Work
for You. Makati, Philippines: St. Paul Publications, 1986.
• Effective Discipline through Filipino Values. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
1996.
• Kartagi, Grietje.: ―Introduction to Values.‖ Reflections on Values. Manila, Philippines:
Rex Book Store, Inc., 2000.
• Maxwell, John C.: 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader.
• Maria, Andrew.: ―The House of Life‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.
• San Luis, Bel.: ―Father‘s Mistake- No Time‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values.
Manila, Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.

• ―The TRUTH About Lies‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines:
The Institution Building Team, 2004.
• Institute for Development Education Center for Research and Communication: ―To
Every Man His Due‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila, Philippines: The
Institution Building Team, 2004.
• Almonte, Andrew Maria: ―Skulls‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values. Manila,
Philippines: The Institution Building Team. 2004.
• Beltran, Benigno P.: ―A Chinese Legend‖: Modules on Good Citizenship Values.
Manila,Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.

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NSTP 001 – NATIONAL PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAM 1

Module 2 - Self-Awareness, Good Citizenship and Leadership

Intended Learning Outcomes:

THE HUMAN PERSON: OVERVIEW

The Essence Of A Person

The hierarchy of needs has five levels, namely:

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF/SELF-AWARENESS (WHO AM I?)

One’s image of self is one self-concept. It is composed of one’s feelings and

How do I increase my self-awareness?

How do I improve my self-esteem?

Here are some tips to improve one’s self-esteem by Joseph de Vito:

GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

The Preamble of the 1987 Constitution

The Good Citizenship Values

• Faith and belief in Almighty God, active spirituality

• Concern for the environment

Who are the citizens of the Philippines?

Duties and Responsibilities of the Filipino CitizensUTIES & RESPONSIILIITIZEN

REPUBLIC ACT 8491 – FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

These are the terminologies used in these rules:

3. LEADERSHIP AND TEAMBUILDING

a) Team interaction-more contact between team members, more time spent

Manila, Philippines: The Institution Building Team, 2004.

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