UNIT 3: AGREEMENT

Khóa học Toeic 450 +

Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
_____________________________________

A. Subject and Verb Agreement

Các trường hợp luôn chia động từ số nhiều.

Chủ ngữ số nhiều They are eligible to get a refund.

Both N1 and N2 Both Mrs. Hoa and Mrs. Ngan are the
managers of ELC.

A number of + Ns A number of new employees are

expected to attend the orientation session.

Hai chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng “and” He and I were at the annual conference to
và có quan hệ đẳng lập meet some manangers.

The + adj: chỉ tầng lớp người The unemployed have been dramatically
increasing.

Ví dụ

1. The documents ____ sent by e-mail.

A. was B. were

2. My colleague and I ______ instructed to prepare a workplace safety workshop

for all employees.

A. were B. was

Các trường hợp động từ chia số ít

 Chủ ngữ số ít She is satisfied with the current
procedures.

Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “To V” hoặc To spend more money on research and
development has been suggested.
“V-ing”

Chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định: Everything is ready for the next annual
Everything, something, no one,… workshop.

Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng Each/ Every Every member of the team works
cooperatively on this research project.

One of + Ns One of my colleagues comes from China.

The number of + Ns The number of new employees is similar

to that of last year.

Ví dụ

1. The suggestion _____ going to be effective next month.

A. is B. are

2. One of the most important things to achieve your goal ______ to do your best.

A. are B. is

➢ Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ không phụ thuộc vào cấu trúc bổ
nghĩa

✓ Managers [ in the Design Department] agree on the upgraded computer

program.
✓ The annual report [ of this year] is not available at the moment.
Ví dụ

1. Overnight parking in these areas ________ prohibited seven days a week.

A. is B. are

2. The reasons for the delay ______ not yet been announced.

A. has B. have

➢ Chủ ngữ và động từ bị chia cách bởi mệnh đề quan hệ

Sự phù hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ không phụ thuộc vào mệnh đề quan hệ

✓ The materials [that you have requested] are currently borrowed by another
student.

✓ The man [playing the piano on the stage] is quite popular among the public.

Động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ phải phù hợp với danh từ mà đại từ quan hệ thay
thế

✓ Products [which are manufactured in this factory] are exported to Europe.

✓ The report [which was submitted yesterday] indicates a significant increase

in sales.

Ví dụ

1. The card we sent you a few weeks ago ______ intended to help you enjoy the
performance.

A. was B. were

2. Members who ______ their money to the museum will be eligible for free
admission twice a year.

A. donates B. donate
B. Determiner and Noun Agreement

1. Each, every và another luôn đi với danh từ đếm được số ít

✓ Every member of the team worked cooperatively on this research project.

✓ Each application must submit all of the materials prior to the March 4
deadline.

✓ Another employee was hired to replace Sally.

2. Many, (a) few, several luôn đi với danh từ đếm được số nhiều

✓ The boss doesn’t think many employees would argue with that.

✓ Few customers thoroughly understand the revised payment system.

✓ Several employees got laid off due to the company's decreasing profits.

3. Much và (a) little luôn đi với danh từ không đếm được

✓ Little information on our new vacation policy is known to newcomers.

✓ We do not need too much equipment for our home offices.

Ví dụ

1. ________ information on their products is available on the Internet.

A. few B. Little

2. Every ______ at the company was required to show up for the meeting.

A. director B. directors

C. Agreement in Tense

The present simple tense

Pay attention to adverbs denoting the present (now, currently) or repeated
actions/routines (always, usually, normally, often, etc.).

✓ After ten years of working as a reporter, he currently runs a small publishing

company.

✓ Customer service representatives usually take care of customer complaints.

The past simple tense

Pay attention to adverbs denoting the past (yesterday, last week, two years ago,
previously, etc.).

✓ The director described his blueprint at the staff meeting five days ago.

✓ House incomes dropped 10 percent in 1990.

The future tense

Pay attention to adverbs denoting the future (tomorrow, next June, by early next
month, in two years, etc.).

✓ The conference will be held in the main auditorium in five days.

✓ A complete presentation on financing will be made during the next staff

meeting.

Ví dụ

1. Your regular lunch fare usually ________ a salad and cooked vegetable.

A. included B. includes

2. Your merchandise ________ for our Chicago warehouse within the next 72
hours.

A. will leave B. left

The present perfect tense

Pay attention to adverbial phrases used in connection with an action done in a past-
time period and continuing up to the present (for the last twenty years, since last
week).

✓ Since last year, there has been an increasing demand for travel packages at
discounted rates.

✓ Ms. Jones has worked in the accounting department for three years.

The past perfect tense

Use this tense to refer to an action completed before a particular point in the past.

✓ When I arrived, the conference had already begun.

✓ Mr. Kim had worked at the company for 10 years when he left in 2001.

The future perfect tense

Use this tense to refer to an action completed before a particular point in the future.

✓ Mr. Peterson will have served for almost 10 years by the time he retires next
September.

✓ As of next week, Jamey Park will have been with the institute for 5 years

Ví dụ

1. It _______ more than three months since I placed an order for 100 copies of the
magazine.

A. was B. has been

2. As of next month, the study on organic foods ______ for eight months.
A. will continue B. will have continued

PRACTICE

1. Please don't use the copy machine in the supply room since the ink cartridges
______ unavailable now.
(A) are (B) is
(C) been (D) being
2. A proposed change under consideration _____ a ban on riding a bicycle on a
platform.
(A) include (B) includes
(C) have included (D) is included

3. ____people anticipated Dawson's rapid growth in sales volume.

(A) Little (B) Few

(C) Much (D) Every

4. Mr. Brown‘s superb attention to details ____won him a positive reputation.

(A) are (B) were

(C) has (D) have

5. I _____ one item early last week, but I am certain that I did not get the receipt at
that time.
(A) purchase (B) purchases
(C) purchased (D) have purchased

6. If you _______ to get positive feedback from customers, you will have to
produce creative products.
(A) wanted (B) want
(C) will want (D) wanting

7. The workers in the maintenance department _______ all office doors since last
week.
(A) paints (B) painted
(C) were painted (D) have painted

8. After the current model year, the computer manufacturer MGV ______ five
existing models and launch three new ones.
(A) to discontinue (B) will discontinue
(C) discontinued (D) have discontinued

9. The production _____ for two consecutive years if demands continue to grow
next month.
(A) doubles (B) had doubled
(C) is doubled (D) will have doubled.

10. The seminars on technology development _______ the knowledge and

expertise of employees.
(A) broaden (B) broadens
(C) broad (D) broadly

11. The shopping mall is not responsible for any damage to products that _____
from customers’ improper use.
(A) result (B) results.
(C) is resulted (D) are resulted
12. Owing to damage caused by recent flood, the construction of the building
_____ in three months.
(A) complete (B) completes
(C) will have completed (D) will be completed

13. By the time he retires next September, Shawn Ellensburg ______ with the
company for six years.
(A) will have been (B) had been
(C) to be (D) will be
14. Late last month the committee formally_______ the application to establish
designated parking areas.
(A) approves (B) approved
(C) is approving (D) has approved
15. The number of employees hired on a year basis ______ increasing drastically.
(A) is (B) are
(C) have been (D) has

16. Our call center has recently received several ____about the defective item.

(A) complain (B) complaints

(C) complaining (D) complained

17. Until the buses’ usual route _____, the drivers will have to take another road.
(A) is reconstructed (B) are reconstructed
(C) have been reconstructed (D) will be reconstructed

Questions 18-20 refer to the following memo.

Congratulations on your promotion to vice president. All department heads are

planning to hold a great casual party to celebrate your promotion. At the
moment, the event hall located on the 10th floor in the company building ______
as the appropriate venue for the celebration party.

18.
(A) has considered
(B) consider
(C) are considered
(D) is considered

Please contact my secretary Frank Hopkins to let him know the date when you're
available. The meeting for board of directors _______ next Friday, June 24 at
11:00 a.m.

19.
(A) took place
(B) take place
(C) will take place
(D) has taken place
I hope that you _______the meeting so that I can introduce you to all the board
members.
20.
(A) attend
(B) participate
(C) come
(D) go
Once again, congratulations.