Chemistry

It is the science that deals with the study of matter and

the changes it undergoes.

Who is the father of Chemistry?

A. John Dalton v C. Antoine Van Lavoisier

B. Dmitri Mendeleev D. Neils Bohr
Chemistry
are defined to be particles which
are
6 ; - Democritus

\— '
Atom
protons
i acest}

electrons
Which of the sub-atomic particles
is discovered first?

ANE roitcels C. neutron

B. proton D. charge

PLUM-PUDDING MODEL
meee f

JJ THOMSON
 THE RUTHERFORD
cepa) Mn aA a
MODEL
~~ electr

ELECTRON PROTON NEUTRON

Cae)

“"16x10%C 1.6x10°%C Oo
O = 1840m,
= Bi oh: i toed Ce) kL
EDI fe) ia ee
 Question
Which has the higher energy level?

A. Electrons that are nearer to the nucleus

Aer Electrons that are farther away from the nucleus

ATOMIC NUMBER
IN ceo 4 pe \
ESE iS. dnd
ISOTOPE
J
 #

Z= ATOMIC NUMBER
moe e

(ye kre
Clty prG, 78

NEUTKAL ATOM: pt: e

-\ 414
ont) Oe

C-12,C-\4, C13
ISOTOPE - Same proton

} Cc MA S 3 aa Ar ae PaaS
Atom

MASS NUMBER =pT+n

An neutral atom’s nucleus weighs 31 amu and contains 15 protons, how many
neutrons and electrons does the atom have?
 Boron (B; Z=5) has two naturally occurring isotopes. Find the percent
abundances of B-10 given these data: atomic mass of B = 10.81 amu,
isotopic mass of B-10 = 10.0129 amu, and isotopic mass of B-11 = 11.0093

i CCD
B-10°> 8-1)
Pea

“MIXTURE PROBLEM

(10.0129) + (\~x)(1-0093) = O}00.01)

“OSTAD RIE ~\20°h aloe

Molecule
It is the smallest particle of a
compound.
SMALLEST:

ATOM: ELEMENT = MOLECULE od eee

ery > OKYGEN FAS

al PN PN
Ooo

What is the molecular mass of Sodium Chloride Given that the molar mass
of Sodium is 22.990 amu and Chlorine is 35.45 amu.

MoLecuLAR MASS
a
Nokon Na: | x 22.4% = 22.49

Chr px 3p4b= 35-45

eck eich laa

 Is Hydrogen gas a compound?

4 mole ¥ 1 molecule feaaa

eee
CR ice Ry a kaer tact
(Avogadro's number). This was
proposed by the French scientist
Jean Baptiste Perrin, student of
Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carlo
Avogadro

Solve for the number of water molecules that are in one tablespoon of water
if the tablespoon holds 0.82 moles.

ay a
6-02x«10 Pet ok
N= 0.32 mol 0.82 m1 x —————— ar Sa oT
ea) if
———__________|
ea toh ee
 How many molecules of C_2H_6 are there in 300 g of C_2H_6?

rae “yw |

MM

a _
ye)

Sleleew eras Seen

it SCerrARe sceeani KID moelewles Coty
a ovo i

Ors ras Ore SPs

ie Gx ) — cS

S1OIE Year

Solve for the number of atoms of carbon-14 that are in the average human
body if carbon makes up 23% of the human body by weight. The average
human body has a mass of 75 kg. Also, 1 in every trillion atoms of carbon is
carbon-14.

(0.23 )(F5 kg) & Fe Ak hel nt

 Guanidin, HNC(NH2)2, is a fertilizer. To three significant figures, what is the
percent by mass of nitrogen in the fertilizer? (s:\+,¢12.4") )
PERCENT BY MASS: NR
ant Sano
an ¥NC(NH2) >

oe
Poe ate:
Pal oDy A
> (Es ela E a Gr>)

Enna
Excel Review Center 2022. All Rights Reserved. Not for Distribution.
Solve for the mass of oxygen that can be obtained from 90 kg of water.

% composition: (H20)

Mo malas)
Fokg WO 20) +16 Het YWr6

ae coma tes |

How many aluminum atoms are there in 3.50 grams of Al_20_3? (Aluminum =
26.982 amu, Oxygen = 15.999 amu)

Y —> mol -—s atom s ARCs

oy ee La4y ues
a ECT ye eee
aoe Bury, a Pea i ae
ATPLoN ae Skee OME --\.a Karon |

Ma, ENTE hy RNs A)

359 ur TeTrTS)) sel ALD Nate Yee

Re ao rad)

What is the molecular weight of nitrogen gas?

ion Ne Osrre tH Caos eae ae

LY) aymost aleundortt

Ne ence a yee
e Ceca booed
 Pai UCR Ui am Bc Cutoy em Cua RCL Lee Ke Lie
degrees Centigrade. Ea Ck uCe pressure of this gas?

Des ee 3) CHARLES LAW 5) COMBINED GAS Law

[eas
—— —— | a ay

Uae
eee

R *5as avo Lae =

aca
On Os ba Yee

Pah r eg
RP~Amel-[e ON at at a ' : 3 ee
[27] R= 8-314 a Dy ma \/

PREC) aCe Ty

4.) GAY LUSSAC'’S LAW

Vial eae 7) \P: Se aa

pat aie ia Masta 8 yer Kate,

ure mis eal fs (

=
eA< oe
Fl ae

kcel Review Center 2022. All Rights Reserved. Not for Distribution. a he: a) yer
isclaimer: All in-house lectures are different from lectures done at the review center.

SR mere Cu ECR UCN eae Rube c

of gases in a 1 L container if it is at 2atm
2 and 27 degrees Celsius. The partial
pressure of the oxygen gas is VE
PRESSURE
aad ered Tova iS
sero
Pp < 2 ee .
S eM ee oo aysae gear Meeoe) ae re
(@) ene = r

Ces
ey
OE aa

(O.5 apm XID: n(0-082 say hy Caer ED ns

N=0.02 mo!
 ors
Mystery Gas A effuses 4.0 times faster than amc, gas. What is the likely
identity of the Mystery Gas?
y J 2
See Shore

Pig men

GRBHAM's LAW: (Tk 5Vek)

ee
eet ATA

ear aeN IA

tom 1 mh

r—
Yate, © a es a
———- :
iyo 2 2r4

You have a mixture of gas A, B, and C. There are 10 moles of gas A, 20 moles of
gas B, and 30 moles of gas C. If the pressure of the mixture is 1000 mmHg,
what is the partial pressure of gas B? Express the answer in Sl units.

EF] e0--@0 fe a T ak
bear
=
i73
aan
fea area Sart

i V a . uate ante sa cakcaakand

ae ad WiTMA4AN:
emaaa

| aie 20 Cad

ona Jo mol +20 mol +20 mo)

tcunr Ti a
Me * 333.3% ea eaks a ake a
; = sehal Pa ede
tee a a 4 oe
Sore) Ba Oneal? RCC
k eM ae (AeRkeneaee
 on

Percentage by
bees
mass solute
%mass = ———————- X 100%
mass solution
Mole Fraction

tet lai ay
moles solute
L solution

Molality
moles solute
nm ==

kg solvent
 How many grams of solute are there in 671 ml of 2.0 M NaOH solution?
ae mee
Ue av
cB >
NY I Nn eanak a)
3 Nas
eT

Aa ecko)
oy Ie)
©.GF71 4
#

atl chi ee ol oe Z> +[bt] a

4 reas 3 Nadh
ae Z t

50 g of potassium iodide (KI) is added to 1500 g of water. What is the molality

of the resulting solution? (K: 39 g/mol, I: 127 g/mol)

ac aes
wae Col 123) %/moe)
Ee ten

ina O va wie or mola!

 A piece of nicotine was found to contain 72.73% C, 16.97% N, and 10.3% H.
What is the empirical formula of this compound?
Simplest form” Clay

Nye eae) as
sample: 100 oN (e.

F2.4+5 +12

eae eel

{Oa * 1

er iN Hy c

What is the molecular formula for a compound that is 46.16% carbon, 5.16%
hydrogen and 48.68% fluorine if the molar mass of the compound is 156.12 g?
hate Le

OLE CULAR! ~ EXDery

eter
ee A bed B/rnol ; Nr = \mol Naar Paoiy

42.06 712 4

Hro\ Cura

F599 419