Mukim, Almakrim K.

BSED English III-A

ELT 7 Speech and Theatre Arts

Chapter 1 - BASIC COMUNICATION CONCEPT

1.What is Communication?
 Communication is the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information, in other
words, talking or writing, and listening or reading.
2. What is Public Speaking?
 Public speaking, also called oratory or oration, has traditionally meant the act of
speaking face to face to a live audience. Today it includes any form of speaking to
an audience, including pre-recorded speech delivered over great distance by
means of technology.
3. What are the Ethics in Public Speaking?
 Integrity in the subject matter
 Respect for others
 Dignity in conduct
 Truthfulness in message
4. What are the Speech Mechanism?
 Respiration at the lungs, phonation at the larynx, and. articulation in the mouth.
5. What are the six (6) Key Active Listening Skills? Discuss each.
Pay Attention
 Give the speaker your undivided attention, and acknowledge the message.
Recognize that non-verbal communication also "speaks" loudly.
Withholding judgment
 Brainstorms without evaluating or analyzing each idea as it emerges. The creative
among us are willing to explore ideas before they decide whether their ideas are
correct or incorrect, good or bad, applicable or inapplicable.
Reflecting
 Responding to what is personal in what's being said, rather than to impersonal,
distant or abstract material. Restate and clarify what the speaker has said; don't
ask questions or say what you feel, believe or want.
Clarifying
 It involves genuineness on the listener's part and it shows speakers that the
listener is interested in them and in what they have to say.

Summarizing
 Repeating a summary of what has been said back to the speaker is a technique
used by the listener to repeat what has been said in their own words. Summarizing
involves taking the main points of the received message and reiterating them in a
logical and clear way, giving the speaker chance to correct if necessary.

Sharing
 The story will be shared back to whom who speak, and you don’t need to share
every detail, just two - three highlights or about three sentences. Then you will
switch and the listener becomes the sharer, and the sharer becomes the listener.

6. Give the Types of Listening and discuss each.

Informational listening
 When you want to learn something, you’ll use informational listening to
understand and retain information. It usually takes a high level of concentration to
perform this type of listening. That’s because you need to be highly engaged to
understand a new concept. You also need to apply critical thinking to what you
are learning. This is so you can understand what you’re learning within the
context of relevant information.
Discriminative listening
 Discriminative listening is the first listening type that you’re born with. Everyone
innately has discriminative listening skills. You use this type of listening before
you even know how to understand words. Instead of relying on words,
discriminative listening uses tone of voice, verbal cues, and other changes in
sound.
Biased listening
 Biased listening is also known as selective listening. Someone who uses biased
listening will only listen for information that they specifically want to hear. This
listening process can lead to a distortion of facts. That’s because the person
listening isn’t fully in tune with what the speaker wishes to communicate.
Sympathetic listening
 Sympathetic listening is driven by emotion. Instead of focusing on the message
spoken through words, the listener focuses on the feelings and emotions of the
speaker. This is done to process these feelings and emotions.
Comprehensive listening
 Unlike discriminative listening, comprehensive listening requires language skills.
This type of listening is usually developed in early childhood. People use
comprehensive listening to understand what someone is saying using words.
Empathetic or therapeutic listening
 Empathetic listening is useful to help you see from other people’s perspectives.
Using this type of listening, you can try to understand someone else’s point of
view as they’re speaking. You can also try to imagine yourself in the other
person’s shoes. Instead of just focusing on their message, you can use empathetic
listening to relate to someone else’s experiences as if they were your own.
Critical listening
 If you need to analyze complex information, you’ll need to use critical listening.
Using critical thinking while listening goes deeper than comprehensive listening.
Instead of taking the information at face value, you can use critical listening to
evaluate what’s being said. Critical listening is crucial when problem-solving at
work.
7. What are the five (5) Non-Verbal Signs of Active Listening?
 Smile
 Eye Contact
 Posture
 Mirroring
 Distraction

8. What are the six (6) Verbal Signs of Active Listening?

 Pay attention
 Withhold judgment
 Reflect
 Clarify
 Summare
 Share
9. Give the historical timeline of Theater.
 Primitive (?-600 BC)
 Restoration (1660 AD - 1750 AD)
 Medieval (925 AD - 1537 AD)
 Romanticism (1750 AD - 1850 AD)
 Greek/Roman (600 BC - 600 AD)
 Renaissance (1537 AD - 1660 AD)
 Modern (1875 AD - 1915 AD)
 Realism (1850 AD - 1875 AD)
 Modern (1875 AD - 1915 AD)

10. State atleast three (3) Theories related or associated to theaters.

Aristotle and the Greeks
 The primacy of Aristotle’sPoeticsin theatrical theory as well as in literary theory
is unchallenged. Not only is thePoeticsthe first significant work in the tradition,
but its major concepts and lines of argument have continually influenced the
development of theory throughout the centuries. Western theatrical theory
essentially begins with Aristotle. Still, a few previous writings at least touched on
the subject, although aside from some scattered remarks in Isocrates (436–338
B.C.), the only extant significant comments on the drama before Aristotle are
found in Aristophanes (C.448–380 B.C.) and Plato (C.427–347B.C.).

Roman and Late Classic Theory

 By the middle of the second century B.C., Latin literature had been established—
heavily influenced, of course, by the Greeks—and occasional critical comment
may be found in this literature. Plautus (C.254–184 B.C.), an almost exact
contemporary of the Hellenistic scholar Aristophanes of Byzantium, provided a
few critical observations in his plays, most notably in the prologue toAmphitruo,
which show that a definition of genre based on characters was already established.
Mercury, who delivers the prologue, calls the play a “tragic-comedy” on the
grounds that it contains not only kings and gods but also a servant.
The Medieval Period (pp. 31-36)
 The critical and theoretical writings of the early Middle Ages devote much
attention to scriptural allegory and interpretation, and apply the strategies of these
studies to the classic poets, and particularly to Virgil. Remarks on the drama are
few, and generally restricted to rephrasing the comments of late classical writers.
 During these centuries the Eastern Empire, with its capital at Constantinople,
became significant in the continuation of classical culture. After the sixth century,
when the Latin provinces were lost to invaders, the East became more Greek in
character, and Greek became generally accepted as the official language.
11. What are the eight (8) Elements of Stage Arts?
 Plot
 Dialogue
 Character
 Audience
 Stagecraft
 Genre
 Convention
 Theme
12. What are the nine (9) Basic Steps involved in the development of drama?
 Coming up with Thought/Theme/Ideas to be expressed through the work.
 Determine the Genre and Style of the work
 Outlining Basic Action of the work and Creating Plot.
 Establish the Structure of the Play and Overall Framework
 The Development of Characters presented in the work.
 The Creation of Dialogue and the Language of the Characters.
 Creating Music: This can involve the Rhythm of the Language or actual Music
Composition and the Lyrics of the songs.
 Establishing Spectacle: The visual and Environmental elements of the work.
 Research of Subject Matter and Relevant issues presented in the play

13. What are the elements of drama?

 Role and character
 Relationships
 Situation
 Voice
 Movement
 Focus
 Tension
 Space
 Time
 Language
 Symbol
  Audience
 Mood and atmosphere
 Dramatic Action

14. What are the three categories of drama? Define each.

Comedies
were humorous, satirical productions that often made fun of prominent political and cultural
figures.
Tragedies
detailed a character's rise to power or prominence only to fall through his own actions.
Satyrs
were short, comedic plays that were performed between the acts of a tragedy. They were meant
to lighten the mood, and they did so by mocking the characters in the tragedy.

15. Show a Dramatic Structure or a framework by which the playwright uses to organize
the dramatic material and or action.

16. What are the fundamentals of Play Production? State their roles.
Something that is performed.
This might be a formal script or it could be a general scenario or even just a basic plan or sketch
of what is going to happen.
The performance
There needs to something that can be identified as a performance. It typically involves many
different processes.
The audience
Someone needs to see the performance before it can really be recognised as a performance.

17. What are the purposes of Stage scenery?

 The most important purpose of scenery is to provide a place to act. The set should
define the time and the setting of the play. A set should also help inform the
audience about the effects of the environment on the characters, and how, in turn,
the characters' personality traits affect their surroundings.
18. What are the types of theater stage set?
 Proscenium stages
 Thrust stages
 Theatres in-the-round
 Arena theatres
 Black-box or studio theatres
 Platform stages
 Hippodromes
 Open air theatres
 Site-specific theatre
 Promenade theatre

Pre-Test Activities
Directions : Answer the following.
1.What makes a good speech?
What makes a good speech are having some qualities like, first, Clear message and key ideas in
which as a speaker you must always start with a key idea a well-defined message. Second,
Impactful Oral Delivery in which your pitch, pause and pace it also influences the responses of
the audience. Third, much better if you support your claims with your personal experiences
instead of relying only on facts. By doing that, it will make it more interesting. Fourth, your
speech needs to be informative with new information to have it an impact. Lastly, the powerful
nonverbal cues in which it’s like you are building tension, asking questions that will let the
audience interact. There is a power of nonverbal cues like for instance making an eye contact to
your audience.
2. How is a good speech structured?
In the Introduction
Your aim is to tell your audience who you are and what you’re talking about. Then, you want to
grab their attention.
Body
The main body of your speech is where you make your arguments. Divide this main body into 2-
3 points, and separate each point into different paragraphs.
Conclusion.
A good conclusion takes everything you said and sums it up.

3. What are the top qualities of a good speech?

 Clarity
 Definiteness of Message
 Conciseness
 Interesting
 Informal Touch
 Considering the Audience
 Speaking Slowly
 Free from Emotions
 Use of Body Language
 Ensuring Participation of Audience

4. Make/ Create your own story with title, characters, setting, script and story line.