The planning and construction of a building should be aimed at fulfilling the

following requirements:

1. Strength and stability

2. Dimensional stability
3. Resistance to dampness
4. Resistance to fire
5. Heat insulation
6. Sound insulation
7. Protection against termite attack
8. Durability
9. Security against burglary
10. Lighting and ventilation
11. Comforts and convenience
12. Economy.
1. Strength and Stability: Building should be capable of transferring the expected
loads in its life period safely to the ground. Design of various structural
components like slabs, beams, walls, columns and footing should ensure safety.
None of the structural components should buckle, overturn and collapse.
2. Dimensional Stability: Excessive deformation of structural components give a
sense of instability and result into crack in walls, flooring etc. All structural
components, should be so designed that deflections do not exceed the permissible
values specified in the codes.
3. Resistance to Dampness: Dampness in a building is a great nuisance and it may
reduce the life of the building. Great care should be taken in planning and in the
construction of the building to avoid dampness.
4.Resistance to Fire: Regarding achieving resistance to fire, the basic
requirements laid down in the codes are:
(a) the structure should not ignite easily.
(b) building orientation should be such that spread of fire is slow.
(c) In case of fire, there should be means of easy access to vacate building quickly.
5. Heat Insulation: A building should be so oriented and designed that it insulates
interior from heat.
6. Sound Insulation: Buildings should be planned against outdoor and indoor
noises.
7. Protection from Termite: Buildings should be protected from termites.
8. Durability: Each and every component of the building should be durable.
9. Security against Burglary: This is the basic need the owner of the building
expects.
10. Lighting and Ventilation: For healthy and happy living natural light and
ventilations are required. Diffused light and good cross ventilation should be
available inside the building.
11. Comforts and Conveniences: Various units in the building should be properly
grouped and integrated keeping in mind the comfort and convenience of the user.
12. Economy: Economy without sacrificing comfort, convenience and durability is
another basic requirement of the building.

Classification of building as Per National Building Code of India (2005)

A building may be classified based on different parameters like occupancy, load

transfer in the structure, materials used, degree of fire resistance, etc. The National
Building Code of India Part IV – 2005, classifies the buildings in the following
nine groups based on occupancy:
GROUP A. Residential
GROUP B. Educational
GROUP C. Institutional
GROUP D. Assembly
GROUP E. Business
GROUP F. Mercantile
GROUP G. Industrial
GROUP H. Storage
GROUP I. Hazardous
GROUP A : Residential- The buildings in which sleeping accommodation is
provided for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking or dining or both
facilities are grouped as residential buildings. However, the buildings classified
under institutional group are excluded from this group.
GROUP B : Educational- This occupancy type shall include any building or
portion thereof in which education, training and care are provided to children or
adults.These buildings include any building used for school,college,day care
purposes involving assembly for instruction,education or recreation.
GROUP C:Institutionsl-These buildings include any building or part which is used
for medical treatment etc.Such as Hospitals,Nursing
home,Orphanages,Sanatoria,Jails,Prisons,Mental hospital etc.
GROUP D. Assembly-These buildings may include any building or part of a
building where a group of people gathers for recreation,amusement,social,religious
or such types of purposes such as theaters,assembly halls,exhibition
hall,restaurants,museum,club rooms, auditoria etc.
GROUP E : Business - These are the buildings which are used for transaction of
business, for keeping of accounts and records. The buildings used for professional
establishments, service facilities, etc., also come under this class of buildings. City
halls, town halls, court houses and libraries are also classified in this group so far
as the principal function of these is transaction of public business and keeping of
books and records.
GROUP F : Mercantile - These are the buildings used as shops, stores for display
and sale of merchandise either wholesale or retail.
GROUP G : Industrial - Any building or its part in which products or materials of
all kinds are fabricated, assembled, manufactured or processed. Examples of such
buildings are dry-cleaning plants, power plants, pumping stations, gas plants,
dairies and sawmills.
GROUP H :Storage –These buildings are generally used for the storage or
sheltering of goods,wares,merchandise like ware houses,cold
storages,garages,stables,transit sheds etc.
GROUP I: Hazardous--These buildings include any building which is used for
storage,handling,manufacture or processing of highly combustible explosive
materials or products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidly which may
produce poisonous fumes,building which is used for storage,handling or
manufacturing highly corrosive,toxic,acid or other liquids or chemicals producing
flame,fumes explosive etc.