DebreMarkos University

College of Business and Economics

Department of PPM
Title of the Project:
Solid Waste Management
InDebreMarkos CityAdministration
Submitted to: - GojamAdeme(PhD)
Phone-0912050117
Email.gademe@gmail.com
Members of the group

Dec. 2010 E.C

DebreMarkos

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ACRONYMS

CA- City Administration

CSA- Central Statistics Agency

GIZ-German International Zone

ISWM- Integrated Solid Waste Management

MDG- Millennium Development Goal

NGO- Non Government Organization

UNDP- United Nation Development Program

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No Content Page

Project Summary 2

1 Introduction 3

1.1 Background/Project Context 3

1.2 Climate 3

1.3 Drainage 3

1.4 Population 3

1.5 Socio-cultural Situation 3

1.6 Commercial Activities 3

1.7 Political Situation 4

2 Project Justification 4

3 Goal 7

4 Objectives 7

5 Project Implementation Strategy 8

6 Input 8

7 Major activities 9

8 Outputs 10

9 Outcome 10

10 Impact 10

11 Work break down 11

12 Stakeholder Analysis 12

13 Risk and Their management 12

14 Project Cost 14

15 Market analysis 15

16 Financial Analysis 15

17 Economic Analysis 16

II
18 Social Analysis 17

19 Environmental Analysis 17

20 Expected Result 18

21 Management and Personnel 19

22 Monitoring and reporting 20

23 Sustainability 20

24 Conclusion 21

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Project Profile:

 Title: - Solid Waste Management

 Project location: - East Gojjam Administrative Zone of DebreMarkos City.
 Implementing Agency: - DebreMarkos City Administration Mayor Office, DebreMarkos
City Service, All Kebele Administrates.
 Project Cost: -.1000000.00/One million Birr/
 Beneficiaries: - About 100 people (80% women) will be benefittedby using services of
SolidWaste collection and more than 115000 city dwellersshall be free from solid waste
problem and have got clean area.
 Project Duration: - One year. From January 2010E.C January 2011E.C
 Funding Agency: - UNDP, GIZ and key partners, Stakeholders, City Administration and
Community
 Project Contact Body:

S/ Se Mobile/ Remar
full name Email address
n x cellphone No. k

1 AsradeTamiru M +251- asradetamiru@gmail.com

913401470

2 AbebeShitaye M +251-
913568190

3 MastewalGezahegn F +251- mastewalgezahegn21@gmail.c

921291955 om

4 YalemtesfaFirew M +251- surafelyal1910@gmail.com

911571417

5 HailemichaelTsega M +251- hailemichael10@gmail.com

ye 939619236

6 Abraham Beyene M +251- Abrahambeyene32@yahoo.co

913002139 m

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Project Summary:

Solid waste collection and disposing system in DebreMarkos city was by using garbage
containers. There was garbage containers placed in some parts of the city. The municipality took
all the responsibility towards disposing the collected waste using 1 truck. Containers were sited
near living areas and business center, and may stay 4-to-10 days filled with waste. As a result,
they were sources of bad smell and home for harmful vectors. The waste was affecting the life of
many people especially those living in the vicinity of these containers. Some street children even
reside around these containers to feed themselves.

Many residents were victims of asthma/respiratory disease/ resulted from the bad smell. There
was no government–privet sector partnership and a pointed out community participation towards
alleviating the problem. In different countries this area is creating jobs too much number of
jobless community members and is becoming a big business opportunity to many people. Where
as in our country especially in DebreMarkos no one sensed it this way. If there was proper way
of thinking this only creates big job opportunity at least for 200 people of the city.
After observing the two big problems, waste management problem and job opportunity
problems, of the city we need to form a youth group having a project idea of solving the two
problems to some extent at the same time. The group will be named AddisHiot, which will be
formed by 100 youngsters living in the city, and currently working on solid waste management
of the city integrated with the city service.

The project will focus on creating healthy and attractive environment to the citizens by cleaning
the solid waste in each corner of the city, colleting waste door-to-door and transporting to the
disposal site; besides creating job opportunity to members of the community who were jobless,
giving priority to the vulnerable groups like prostitutes, street living youths, and people who are
living with HIV/AIDs. When the project starts it crates to 100 job opportunities. Out of these 80
% will be women. And from these women some of them will prostitutes and the rest will be low
living/ very low income/.

The project for community based solid waste management in DebrMarkos city will be launched
in January 2010 with a schedule completion date of December 2011. The estimated cost is birr
1000000. The project operates in 11 of the 11 city wards/kebeles/; these will be chosen to
represent all of the city areas. GIZand UNDP NGO will be selected to lead and support the
project activities. Throughout the project GIZ and City Service Office will work closely with
communities.

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1.Introduction

1.1 Back ground / Project Context

DebreMarkods city is one of the 13 zone cities in Amhara regional state. It is located between
Aneded and GozaminWoredas of East Gojjam zone. The city is found at the elevation of 2520
meters above sea level. It is 300 km far from Addis Ababa and 265 km far from the Amhara
regional state city of Bahirdar. Its total area is 53.33 sq.km, 75% of its area is suitable for
construction and 25% is plateau.
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1.2 Climate: - The average temperature of DeberMarkos is 16 and its maximum rainfall is about
1380 mm. Therefore, moderate (weinadiga) type of climate is prevailed in DebreMarkos city,
which is favorable for the in habitants.
1.3 Drainage: - DebreMarkos city has one big drainage system of chemoga and two small
tributaries of wuseta and Wutrin. People use these drainage systems for irrigation and agricultural
activities. Chemogariver is also used as a source of hydroelectric power for DebreMarkos and
surrounding areas.
1.4 Population: - According to the 2007 national census conducted by the CSA of Ethiopia, the
total population of D/Markos city is about 70857, of whom 33916 are males and 36941 are
females. Besides this, the population projection of DebreMarkos city in 2012 indicates that the
total population estimates 83,384 of whom 43396 are females and 39988 are males.
1.5 Socio-Cultural Situations: - The socio-cultural condition of D/Markos city is almost similar
to most of the other city Administrations of the Amhara region. The traditional believes and
customs of the dwellers are still maintained by the people and these have affected much the
overall development of the city Administration. To mention some of these, the superiorities of
men over women, less attention to vulnerable and disadvantaged (marginalized) people. Also, the
participation of women in the economic, political and social condition is still low. This is the
result of weak awareness of the community.
1.6 Commercial Activities: - In D/Markos city, like other cities, there are commercial activities
of small stages of development as compared to the other regional cities.

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 Generally, commercial services coverage in D/Markos is far below national as well as regional
standards. According to the issued bulletin of D/Markos profile, the main types of SMEs in the
city are 40 constructions, 10 textiles, 58 wood and metal works, 272 food and others, and 79
urban agricultures. The total capital allocated for these SMEs associations is 1226453 ETB.
1.7 Political Situation of the City: - In the city administration, there is political stability to run
the planned government policy and strategy. Communities can freely discuss and participate on
the issue related to their economic and social aspects. To promote the social and economic
development of the city, all governmental sectors leaders practice the good governance.
According to the principles and the rules of the state, customers are well treated by any office
heads and civil servants.
2. Project justification/Statement of the problem

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial
and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorized according to its origin (domestic,
industrial, commercial, construction or institutional); according to its contents (organic material,
glass, metal, plastic paper etc); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable,
radioactive, infectious etc). Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on the
environment and human health and supports economic development and improved quality of life. A
number of processes are involved in effectively managing waste for a municipality. These include
monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and disposal.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Methods of waste reduction, waste reuse and recycling are the preferred options when managing
waste. There are many environmental benefits that can be derived from the use of these methods.
They reduce or prevent greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the release of pollutants, conserve
resources, save energy and reduce the demand for waste treatment technology and landfill space.
Therefore it is advisable that these methods be adopted and incorporated as part of the waste
management plan.

Waste Reduction and Reuse

Waste reduction and reuse of products are both methods of waste prevention. They eliminate the
production of waste at the source of usual generation and reduce the demands for large scale
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treatment and disposal facilities. Methods of waste reduction include manufacturing products with
less packaging, encouraging customers to bring their own reusable bags for packaging, encouraging
the public to choose reusable products such as cloth napkins and reusable plastic and glass containers,
backyard composting and sharing and donating any unwanted items rather than discarding them.

All of the methods of waste prevention mentioned require public participation. In order to get the
public onboard, training and educational programmers need to be undertaken to educate the public
about their role in the process. Also the government may need to regulate the types and amount of
packaging used by manufacturers and make the reuse of shopping bags mandatory.

Recycling

Recycling refers to the removal of items from the waste stream to be used as raw materials in the
manufacture of new products. Thus from this definition recycling occurs in three phases: first the
waste is sorted and recyclables collected, the recyclables are used to create raw materials. These raw
materials are then used in the production of new products. The sorting of recyclables may be done at
the source (i.e. within the household or office) for selective collection by the municipality or to be
dropped off by the waste producer at a recycling centers. The pre-sorting at the source requires
publicparticipation which may not be forthcoming if there are no benefits to be derived. Also a
system of selective collection by the government can be costly. It would require more frequent
circulation of trucks within a neighborhood or the importation of more vehicles to facilitate the
collection. Another option is to mix the recyclables with the general waste stream for collection and
then sorting and recovery of the recyclable materials can be performed by the municipality at a
suitable site. The sorting by the municipality has the advantage of eliminating the dependence on the
public and ensuring that the recycling does occur. The disadvantage however, is that the value of the
recyclable materials is reduced since being mixed in and compacted with other garbage can have
adverse effects on the quality of the recyclable material.

Waste Collection

Waste from our homes is generally collected by our local authorities through regular waste collection,
or by special collections for recycling. Within hot climates such as that of the Caribbean the waste
should be collected at least twice a week to control fly breeding, and the harboring of other pests in

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the community. Other factors to consider when deciding on frequency of collection are the odors
caused by decomposition and the accumulated quantities.

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) takes an overall approach to creatingsustainable

systems that are economically affordable, socially acceptable andenvironmentally effective. An
integrated solid waste management system involves theuse of a range of different treatment methods,
and key to the functioning of such a systemis the collection and sorting of the waste. It is important to
note that no one singletreatment method can manage all the waste materials in an environmentally
effectiveway. Thus all of the available treatment and disposal options must be evaluated equallyand
the best combination of the available options suited to the particular communitychosen. Effective
management schemes therefore need to operate in ways which bestmeet current social, economic, and
environmental conditions of the municipality.So, this project aims strengthening and expansion of the
ongoing waste management project that has been practiced by the integration of AdisHiot waste
management group and DebreMarkos City Service.

Solid Waste Management is mainly engaged on the establishment of a plant that serves for recycling
collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and the installation of 200 dust bins in the city.
Solid Waste Management have an overall objective of satisfying customers by recycling collected
solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and the installing 200 dust bins in the city and maintain a
steady growth in sales volume that will sustain the business for long period.

Solid Waste Management is owned by about 100 jobless citizens and waste management group from
different parts of the society that will be organized in association so as to pledge their time, labor, and
financial resource so as to create jobs for themselves and others. These people will operate the
business and that relevant training will be given to the members about provision and management of
the recycling collected solid waste into Compost and Briquette and the installation of 200 dust bins as
well the training of the ways of handling customers, and courses on business management like record
keeping, and marketing will be provided. As well, one experienced and qualified manager, two
drivers, and one accountant who hand the business transactions and the accounting system will be
hired. It is expected that Solid Waste Management will start its operation in the year 2010.

The business will operate in DebreMarkos city administration and its 11kebele offices.

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There is no doubt that DebreMarkos is grouped among the growing cities in Ethiopia. This growth is
measured in terms of the expansion of investment in different projects including construction of
hotels, educational institutions, business centers and availability of government and NGOs for
different purposes. City expansion is linked to increased waste production, which demands to design
projects that keep the sanitation of the city. Further waste resources could be recycles to use it for
another proposes. It is also known that recycling collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette
and the installation of 200 dust bins are labor intensive in nature that utilizes the existing abundant
labor force with high rate of returns. Therefore the project is expected to create jobs, increase
cleanliness of the city and contribute to the increasing development of the city in many aspects. The
project is specifically selected for the following reasons

 it is in line with employment creation and poverty reduction strategy

 it also increases the sanitation of the city and re-cycling (re-use) of waste materials for
another purpose

 it contributes to conducive and healthy environment

In order to recycling collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and the installation of 200
dust bins, the Solid Waste Management will acquire two three wheel drive waste transporting
vehicles for the compost and briquette plants, design and produce the appropriate type of bins by
contracting out to micro and small business groups, shovel, hoe, plastic shoes, gaunt close, gaunt,
plastic cleaner, hat, scarf.

3. Goal:

To strengthen the ongoing successful solid waste management of DebreMarkos city.

4. Objectives:

 The overall objective of the project is to contribute to the reduction of poverty and
unemployment as well as growth generation endeavors in DebreMarkos.
 The project is intended to improve living standard of 100 youth and women vulnerable
groups,

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 Create job opportunity, and to increase the quality and quantity of production and sale in the
town.And recycling the Collected Waste in to Compost and Briquette.
 Putting garbage /dust/ bins in the 5kms of main streets of the city
5. Project implementation Methodology

For the implementation of this project we will use the already running system and management
strategies. Meaning there is an organization named AdissHiot which is implementing the solid
waste management of the city cooperated with the city service. It has organized office in the city
which is equipped with the necessary management system and office utility. This office was
working for the last 4 year and successful in its waste management activities and this is approved
by the city administration.As far as the revolving of the grant is concerned, if the ongoing project
could stand on its two foot it can start generating income from the service delivered to the
community and from the plants built to produce compost and briquettes.

Since two plants, compost and briquette production plants are designed to generate income from
the outputs, they could return the investment within 4 years’ time. But the rest is invested on
capacity building and putting dustbins in the city, which are not directly generating money, so it
should be considered as a support to the ongoing project.

6. Inputs: Important project inputs include:

 Financial support in the form of donation
 Technical support, and business plan preparation,
 Provision of business premises and political support,
 Establishment of business association,
 Provide business management /entrepreneur training
 Provide training on techniques of waste management and disposal
 Business premises are provided.
 Provide grant fund for targeted groups and cooperatives
 Engage the trained women on production
 Professional/technical assistant provided
 Project site
 Necessary working materials

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  Community financial contribution

7. Major Activities

 Building and manage compost production pits/ditch/

 Building and manage *Briquette production plant/machine/
 Purchasing two three wheel drive waste transporting vehicles for the compost and briquette
plants
 Designing and producing the appropriate type of bins by contract out to micro and small
business groups
 Putting the bins on the appropriate places
 Supply necessary working materials like cloth, shoe, musk, glove, rack, push carts, etc..
 Hire additional 50 cleaners for the ongoing project
 Skill Development Trainings
Project Budget Birr 1000000.00
Activities to be done in the sub-project:
Recycling the Collected Waste in to Compost and Briquette (creates job for 100 people)

 Contracting the construction to appropriate building groups

 building the plant (------ meter cube waste to compost converting capacity)

 Solar drier

 Crushing and packing

 Recruiting & training workers for the compost plant (50 employees)

 Mantling Carbonize/gaseous/

 Mantling/covering/ crusher

 Mantling Briquetting machine

 Collecting waste from each corner of city.

 Collecting payment from each household

*Briquette means a charcoal made from waste matters which could be used for household
consumption. Putting garbage /dust/ bins in the 10 kms of main streets of the city
When this dust bin project is implemented it will create job opportunity for 100 cleaners and
indirectly benefits the community and micro and small business groups.

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8. Outputs:

o The project is expected deliver outputs including increased employment opportunities,

o increased purchasing power of target beneficiaries, and improved productivity,
o 100 jobless people/citizens/ will have job and trained on solid wastemanagement, new
products production skills, as well financial management.
o The already working 50 workers will have a healthy and secured working environment.
o The cleanliness of the city will be increased; the drainages and public areas will be
cleaned properly.
o The capacity of the ongoing project will increase and can earn additional incomes which
will assure the sustainability and become base for the implementation of future plans
o We can produce charcoal and compost from the waste which can be used in the city.

9. OUT COME

 Increased household income/ living standard of beneficiaries and their dependents

 Increased number and quality of jobs

 Enterprise development/investment stimulated

 Revenue expenditure gap reduced

 Improved Public health

 Reduces the number of unemployed in the city with some number, reduces the social and
economic problem of at least for 125 additional vulnerable groups.

 The amount of the disposed waste to the open field will be reduced and reused in the form
of compost and charcoal for the community

 Low income citizens can save their monthly charcoal cost at least by 50% by using the
briquettes.

 Motivates other related businesses like modified charcoal burners production, dust bin
production, new market for small and micro business groups in the form of charcoal sales.

 Reduces the health problems resulted from bad waste management which were big issues
in the city before a year and so.

 Creates unpolluted living environment to the community as well to the visitors of the city.

10. IMPACT

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  The success of the project will have positive impacts on the community health as well
environmental protection. Not only this but also will have a positive impact on the youth
of the city by becoming a good model and reference for about how to create different job
opportunities for themselves as well for others. And will put a positive impact by
showing way of solving different socio economic problems of the city.

 The always cleanliness of the city will result in securing the no breeding of harm full
vectors which are causes of health problems of the community.

 It reduces the pollution(greenhouse gas emission capacity) effect of the damped waste
(the methane gas will be changed in to energy and consumed in households)

 It increases the work culture of the community and shows the job creating ability from
our basic problems

 Motivates the project owners to think more about other important projects which could
solve other socio-economic problems of the city

11.Work break down

Months
No Tasks
De Jan Feb M Ap May Ju Jul Ag Se No De
a
1 Organizing the project proposal team X
2 Formulating the project proposal x
3 Submission of the proposal to the x
donor/concerned body
4 Building and manage compost x x x x x x x x x x
production pits/ditch/

5 Collecting payment from each x x x x x x x x x x

household

6 Purchasing two three wheel drive x x

waste transporting vehicles for the
compost and briquette plants

7 Collecting waste from each x x x x x x x x x

household.

8 Designing and producing the x x

appropriate type of bins by

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 contract out to micro and small
business groups

9 Putting the bins on the appropriate x x

places

10 Supply necessary working x x

materials like cloth, shoe, musk,
glove, rack, push carts, etc..

11 Hire additional 50 cleaners for the x

ongoing project

12 Skill development trainings x x x x x x x x x x

12. Stakeholders analysis:This project will be implemented in partnership with various

governments, non-government and community stakeholders. The major stakeholders of the project
along with their roles and responsibilities of groups are shown as follows:
City mayor office:- This office is the main stakeholder which is responsible for the over whole
coordination of the project with government concerned sector offices.It organizes the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the project. It also allocate budget for the projectand
facilitate all process of the ongoing activities.
City Service:- This office is the immediate stakeholder which is responsible for the over whole
coordination of the project with government concerned sector offices. It organizes the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the project. It also provides training for the project
beneficiaries and facilitates all process of the ongoing activities.
GIZ and UNDP:- The two NGOs are donors for poverty alleviation and strengthening enterprises in
funding to fill financial and skill gap.
City Community:- The project is important for the community in collecting waste materials from
the living areas of each household. Cleanest surroundings will give conducive living condition for the
city dwellers. So, these communities are expected for making revenue to ongoing project. The
contribution from the community is paramount for the sustainability of the project.

13.Risks and their management

The following risks are foresee

1. What will be the basic financial income of the project after the fund stops?

2. Are there skilled man power in the city to run the compost and briquette plants?

3. Is there market for the mass production of the compost and briquette?
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The participation is still covering 50% of the cost which is becoming a big problem to deliver the
service to all citizens and becoming difficult to supply the necessary working materials and
protective wearing /clothes/ to the workers. As a result of this the group is forced to reduce the
number of workers who has got the opportunity to feed their family, started to cover their
monthly living cost who were living on street before the project and forcing women to go back to
their old life, prostitution, which is again a big social and economic crisis of the city. And also
the cleanliness of the city is not to the expected stage. The reasons to the above problems are
lack of community awareness to such projects and lack of active participation of all stakeholders
on financing such community services. In order to assure the sustainability of this good start and
which could be model for the rest of other cities it needs the active participation of all stake
holders and NGO’s. The aim of this newly developed activity proposal /sub-project/ to the
UNDP and GIZ is to give some solutions to the problems, till the system built assures the
sustainability of the ongoing project by participating the community and responsible
stakeholders 100% on covering the cost of the service.

The actions to be taken to reduce or prevent the risks are

1. As far as the ongoing waste management project is concerned, Working hard with in the
coming year time on increasing the awareness of the community towards the importance of
the proper waste management and create responsibility feeling towards paying the service
fee besides working integrated with other responsible stakeholders. Within the one year
time we will try to be independent of any financial support meaning we will reach 80% to
90% of community participation. Besides we will earn some profit from the compost and
from the briquette sales

2. In our plan we incorporate skill trainings to those who will work in the plants before they
start job and contentious on job trainings to build their capacity and confidence.

3. As far as the selling prices are reasonable and fair there is no doubt about the market. But
the micro and small businesses should have information and a sort of training on how
design and produce the modified charcoal burners with reasonable price and supply to the
community as fast as possible. And people who are working on urban agriculture should be
motivated and trained about using quality compost for their farm or compound.

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 14. Project Cost

Items Qty Cost(Eth birr) Remark

Plant building 2 30,000.00

Two compost pits Solar drier 2 110,000.00

with different Crushing and packing 2 80,000.00

capacity Three wheel drive waste transporting vehicles 2 400,000.00

Training/capacity building/, Maintenance and 1 year 120,000.00

Running cost

Total 740,000.00

Items Qty Cost(Eth birr) Remark

Carbonizer 2 60,000.00

2 Briquette production Crusher 2 40,000.00

plants building
Briquetting Machine 2 60,000.00

Training , Maintenance and 1 year 120,000.00

Running cost

Total 280000.00

Item Qty Unit price (Birr) Total price(Birr)

Small size push carts (Wheelbarrows) 50 980.00 49000.00

Spade 50 45.00 2250.00

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Cloth to 100 workers 100 * 2 per year 200.00 20000.00

Rack 80 27.00 2160.00

Glove 800 / year 25.00 20000.00

Musk 400/year 15.00 6000.00

Shoe 200 60.00 12000.00

Comprocer for tire maintenance and trucks washing 1 30,000.00 30,000.00

Total 141000.00

Source of Funding
- UNDP contribution =400000.00(ETB)
- Community participation=100000.00(ETB)
- GIZ=400000.00(ETB)
- City administration= 100000.00(ETB)

15. Marketing analysis

Given the potential of Debremarkos city and its vicinity for recycled collected solid waste in to
Compost and Briquette and the installation of 200 dust bins and that the city is inhibited by
increasing population size; those who are going to engage in this activity will definitely get
market for their services. It is with this premise that this project activity is designed.
Solid Waste Management will mainly use the doo-to-door selling, word of mouth, and others to
communicate with its clients. As well, in the future it will also advertise in the leaflet.
Solid Waste Management follows a low pricing strategy to attract large numbers of customers
and benefit from the large numbers. In comparison with others, the price of the business will be
low and it will charge low prices by minimizing its costs to the minimum yet, the business is
planning to have average prices and compete on quality service in the future. There is a potential
market for solid waste management services in the DebreMarkos city and that the Solid Waste
Management is planning to recycle collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and install
200 dust bins and provide the collection of solid waste services to municipality, society, hotels,
cafeterias, barbers, shop.
16. Financial analysis
In order to start the business operation and to acquire equipment, raw materials, working capital,
to be prepared ahead to be able to provide services to customers and others the business needs

15
money. Since customers are very receptive and if they do not obtain quality services and timely,
they may not be interested to come again, the business shall need funds to provide quality service
and satisfy its customers.
The Solid Waste Management generally requires a total of birr 1000000.00 to meet estimated
capital requirements as well as to cover various costs incurred to start and run the operation.
Hence, to meet estimated capital requirements as well as to cover various costs incurred to start
and run the operation, the business expects to borrow birr 1000000.00 from financial institutions
(such as microfinance or banks) at the beginning of year 2010 E.C, at 10% interest rate that will
be repayable in five years on monthly basis. In financial analysis, Solid Waste Management
financial depends on the assumptions that are made below. These are annual and monthly
assumptions that show the consistent growth of the business. As well, some of the underlying
and general assumptions are:
 The business assumes that it stay in line with the continuing advances in technology and
business.
 The business is expected to be self-sustained in terms of finance with the payment they
obtain from their clients back from the service they provide.
 Overall activities of the business will grow from time to time and finally will be one of
the medium size industries through expanding their business from time to time.
 The interest rate assumed to be 10% over the five years.
 The profit income tax rate is assumed to be 30% in the five years.
17. Economic analysis:
Economic analysis involves analyzing a number of issues related to the economic viability of a
project.Project economic analysis aims to ensure that scarce resources are allocated efficiently,
and investment brings benefits to a country and raises the welfare of its citizens. All resource
inputs used by a project have an opportunity cost because, without the project, they could create
value elsewhere in the economy. An economically viable project requires that, first, it represents
the least-cost or most efficient option to achieve the intended project outcomes; second, it
generates an economic surplus above its opportunity cost; and third, it will have sufficient funds
and the necessary institutional structure for successful operation and maintenance.The solid
waste management project enables the low and middle class community members/citizens/
benefited from the low cost supply of briquette to their household consumption. It can reduce

16
their monthly charcoal buying cost at least by 50 %. The immediate beneficiaries of the project
income will be raised and the living standard could be improved. In the city unemployment will
be decreased due to job availability and enterprise creation.
18.Social analysis
In general, the project is expected to have positive impacts from different perspectives. Firstly, it
creates job opportunities, and hence increases the income of those who are currently unemployed
and that it contributes to improve the livelihood of the target groups. It also has positive impact
on the environment by enhancing the assimilative capacity of the environment. Hence, improves
health of the society by increasing the cleanliness of the city. In so doing, it increases the inflow
of tourists to the city, which is an engine for city development and further creates jobs to the
unemployed. It also makes the city attractive for investment, and hence inward investment will
improve. Last but not least, it improves the attitude of people towards work.
The country is on progress towards meeting the MDGs and reducing poverty. In its effort to
realize these objectives local economic potential based interventions like the present project
contribute a lot.
As we know, resource development brings change. Projects have the potential to negatively
impact the environments, communities and economies overlying and surrounding developments.
Conversely, they also can bring opportunities through the conversion of the natural resource into
financial resources, the development of social capacities and skills, infrastructure and business
development, and the investment of those resources into environmental and social programs.
Economic, social and environmental changes are interlinked. The impacts on ecosystems, for
example, can disrupt the environmental services that are provided by these ecosystems and the
economies and livelihoods of people reliant on these services. Impacts are also dynamic. For
example, new employment opportunities often considered a key benefit of projects may in fact
lead to social challenges if the specialist skills required by the industry are not available locally
or take time to developthrough vocational training programs. Planned and un-planned in-
migration of workers and the associated population growth can create greater demands on social
services, such as health, education, housing and commerce as well as physical and social
infrastructure. If managed well, population growth can be a driver for improved infrastructure
and services, however, the long lead time required to improve existing services and infrastructure

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has created challenges in many resource regions. So the solid waste management project
contributes to:-
 Economic growth and social development over the long-term.
 Planning for social and physical infrastructure;
 Informing and involving internal and external stakeholders and assisting to build trust and
mutually beneficial outcomes;
 Improving the quality of life of employees and improving attraction and retention of skilled
workers;
 Enhancing competitive advantage and reputation, by implementing innovative approaches,
setting high standards for other businesses and leaving a positive legacy beyond the life of
the project
19. Environmental Analysis
Short-term effects on the environment typically result from construction impacts. Long-term
Effects relate to the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, including
Consistency of a project with local and regional economic, social, planning, and sustainability
Objectives.Construction of the proposed project would have greater short-term impacts on the
environment than the long run impact since the action alternative would not involve any
construction. However, the temporary environmental impacts that would result from the
proposed construction activities would not be significant.
“Construction Impacts.” The Project Sponsor would endeavor to reduce any construction-related
environmental effects through the implementation of Best Management Practices. Through
project of solid waste management some of air pollution may exist but not significant problem
for the surroundings. Regards to noise, wild life land and water natural resources would not be
affected by the project. Because the proposed project construction site would 10kms far from
exposed areas. The analysis of cumulative impacts considers resources, eco-systems, and human
communities that could be potentially affected by the project and whether those could also be
affected cumulatively by the project in combination with other reasonably foreseeable projects.
Cumulative impacts result from the incremental consequences of an action. The project area is
not developed with residential, office, and retail uses. Any potentialimpacts associated with the
project are expected to be localized. In addition, there are no other proposed development
projects in the vicinity of the project site that would result in cumulative impacts.

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20.Expected results
Within one year time the garbage containers had removed and door to door collection started.
 The community participation has increased from zero to 50%
 Created job opportunity to a significant number of jobless citizens
 The city has come relatively clean and attractive as well healthy living
 Developing experience on waste management and becoming model to other cities of the region.
On doing this the income of the project was the service fee collected from the waste generators
who are willing to pay.
 Increased household income/ living standard of beneficiaries and their dependents
 Increased number and quality of jobs
 Enterprise development/investment stimulated
 Revenue expenditure gap reduced
 Improved Public health
21. Management and Personnel
Most of the strategic and day-to-day business activities of the Solid Waste Management will be
managed by one experienced and qualified manager, who will have more than five years’
experience. In addition to this, the manager will also be responsible for managing the overall
activities of the business, coordinating the efforts of people, and deciding on the authority and
performance of other employees. The management shall follow the recording of the daily
performance data including provision and management of the recycling collected solid waste in
to Compost and Briquette and the installation of dust bins, labor requirement, costs incurred, and
others.As well, the business with be equipped by one accountant who hand the business
transactions and the accounting system and other competent employees who will work in an
integrated way and that the team members' skills complement each other.
Regarding the personnel requirement, the business will hire one experienced and qualified
manager, one accountant, and two drivers as well as a total of 10 clerical workers from different
parts of the society. The following provides the list of manpower required and the estimated
monthly as well as annual labor costs.

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 Manpower Requirement and Labor Cost for the Year 2010/2011 E.C
Req. No. Monthly Salary Yearly Salary
1. Manager 1 1,500 18,000
2. Accountant 1 800 9,600
3. Driver 2 600 14,400
4. Clerical Workers 10 300 36,000
Total 14 Birr 78,000

22. Monitoring and reporting mechanism

The current monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the ongoing project is
1. by monthly report to the city sanitation and beautification core process
2. In the sanitation and beautification department there are assigned experts to monitor and
Evaluate how the project is implemented
The project is evaluated at the kebele level by the community itself and at the city level by the
city council
This monitoring and evaluation system which is already applied to the ongoing project can be
applied to this sub-project also. In addition there could be a possibility of reporting each activity
and financial report to the city level Technic and Enterprise Development Office regularly. This
monitoring and reporting mechanism will be continued throughout the project implementation.
23. Sustainability
The initiative will sustain because of different factors. One is its nature, as it is a service business
and the community by itself is the resource so there is no problem as far as resource is
concerned. Currently above 115,000 people are living in DebrMarkos city which means the
market is so wide. Besides it followed a cost effective strategy on resource mobilization.
Our current service fee collection shows that we are on a good stand in recovering our cost with
in short period of time as per our plan. This indicates how the community is taking its part and
contributing to the sustainability of the initiative.

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The other thing that assures the sustainability is, it is starting recycling from the collected waste
in to reusable products which could make much more money that could guarantee project
sustainability in a financial basis.
As the initiative starts from the basic problem of the society, every of the community member
has interest for its sustainability. It is not only the interest of the community but also the
government as well playing important role towards assuring the sustainability of the initiative.
Besides, the project is integrating the initiative with non-governmental groups. This is helping
its on training and technical supports towards the sustainability of the project.
Even if it is time taking the project is always in growth which means creates additional job
opportunities too much number of citizens and this also helps for the sustainability.
24. Conclusion
This project aims strengthening and expansion of the ongoing waste management project that has
been practiced by the integration of AdissHiot waste management group and Debremarkos city
service.
Solid Waste Management is mainly engaged on the establishment of a plant that serves for
recycling collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and the installation of 200 dust bins
in the city. Solid Waste Management have an overall objective of satisfying customers by
recycling collected solid waste in to Compost and Briquette and the installing 200 dust bins in
the city and maintain a steady growth in sales volume that will sustain the business for long
period. Solid Waste Management is owned by about 200 jobless citizens and waste management
group from different parts of the society that will be organized in association so as to pledge their
time, labor, and financial resource so as to create jobs for themselves and others. These people
will operate the business and that relevant training will be given to the members about provision
and management of the recycling collected solid waste into Compost and Briquette and the
installation of 200 dust bins as well the training of the ways of handling customers, and courses
on business management like record keeping, and marketing will be provided. As well, one
experienced and qualified manager, two drivers, and one accountant who hand the business
transactions and the accounting system will be hired. It is expected that Solid Waste
Management will start its operation in the year 2010 E. C.

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Pictures showing charcoal/briquette making steps.

Collected Solid
Waste
Selected Solid
Waste

Mixed Carbonization
Machine

Hammer Machine Charcoal Briquette

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Briquette to be used

Boiling tea

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