ANNAI MIRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EE8403-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT-III - COMPARISON METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
PART A (2MARKS)
1. List the application of DC& A.C. potentiometer or what is the use of potentiometer in field of electrical
measurement. Or what is a potentiometer? ( N/D 10, 11, 13,20 A/M 15, 11, 10)
2. What are the sources of electromagnetic interference. Or how are measuring instruments protected from
electrostatic and electromagnetic interference. ( N/D 13,16,19 A/M 16)
3. What is meant by grounding? Or Enumerate the principle of grounding (M /J 16, 11)
4. Write the necessary balance conditions for a Schering bridge, wheatstone bridge.( N/D 12, 14,20 A/M 21)
5. What is volt ratio box. (N/D 15 M /J 16)
6. Why there are two conditions of balance in A.C. bridge.( N/D 12,17)
7. List the various detectors used for AC bridges(N/D 15,18)
8. What are the main causes of ground loop currents( A/M17)
9. State the feature of Ratio transformers which make them popular for bridge applications.( A/M17)
10. How are A.C. potentiometer classified? List them. (N/D 16)
11. What is the use of earth loop?( A/M 12)
12. What is standardization of potentiometer. Or how does ‘loading effect’ cause error in DC potentiometer based
measurement? (N/D11,19)
13. Calculate the reactance of a coil from the measurements made on an AC potentiometer. The impedance of the
coil is found to be 25ohms, the phase angle of the voltage across the coil and a standard resistance connected
in series with the coil are 55˚ and 25˚. ( A/M18)
14. How grounding is implemented in the case of a transformer whose windings on one side is connected in
delta? ( A/M18) Mention grounding techniques available in measurements. Or specify the purpose of Wagner
earthing device. (A/M 15,19)
15. State one cause and one protection technique for EMI effects in instruments. (A/M 21)
16. What are parasitic voltages and how are they eliminated.( N/D 10)
17. Draw circuit diagram and expression for unknown inductance & resistance of Anderson bridge. Or how
Maxwell bridge differ from Anderson bridge although both are used for the measuring inductance.(M/J
14,19)
18. Which bridge is used to measure incremental inductance? Write the expression. ( N/D 11)
19. Name the faults that occur in cables. (N/D 17)
20. Mention the difference between AC and DC potentiometers. (N/D 18)
PART B
1. (i) Explain about electrostatic and electromagnetic interference and Screening. Or explain the interference
caused due to Electrostatic coupling and electromagnetic induction and describe protection against such
effects. Or explain about interference and Screening in measurements.(N/D 18,16,15 ,13, 11, 08, 07A/M , 10,
12,15, 17,18)
(ii)Need for grounding for Measuring instruments or explain grounding techniques or multiple earth and
earth loops (N/D 18,16, 15,13, 11, 09 , A/ M 15M/J 13, 10, 12) or discuss the grounding techniques in detail
to reduce the ground loop interference signal. (N/D 20)
(iii) Discuss the impact of electrostatic and electromagnetic interference (N/D 18)
2. (i) Explain how the inductance is measured in terms of known capacitance using Maxwell bridge. Derive the
conditions for balance. Or derive expression for measurement of unknown capacitance with a neat bridge
circuit. ( N/D05, 08, 09, 13,18,19 A/M 14, 16,19) with configuration and phasor diagram explain Maxwell
induction bridge and also derive mathematical expression to find unknown quantities. ( N/D 20)
 (ii)With the help of Schering bridge explain how loss angle of a dielectric can be measured or explain the
operation of Schering bridge to determine the unknown capacitance. Derive the relevant equations and
explain the computation procedure using phasor diagram. OR derive the expression for measurement of
unknown capacitance with diagram.( A/M 21, 19,17, 11)
3. (i) Explain the procedure for measuring low resistance With Kelvin double bridge Derive the relation to find
Unknown resistance.(A/M15,14, 11, 10 N/D18, 10)
(ii) for a Kelvin double bridge, obtain expression for the bridge balance conditions. (N/D19)
4. Explain in detail about laboratory type dc or explain various applications of dc potentiometer. Or with
fundamentals distinguished between Dc and ac potentiometer and give two specific applications for each.
(A/M 07, 09 N / D 07)
5. Draw co ordinate type of A.C. potentiometer and explain it's working principle. or describe how co ordinate
type potentiometer used for calibration of voltmeter and AC energy meter or how does one measure resistance
using potentiometer. Or explain the operation of AC potentiometer. (N/D 17,15, 10,M /J 16, 11) or with
diagram explain the measurement of self inductance using AC potentiometer. (N/D 20)
6. (i)Draw a neat sketch of modern slide wire DC potentiometer and discuss how the potentiometer is
standardized . ( N/D 10,17)
(ii) Describe hay bridge used for measurement of inductance or why hay bridge is suited for measurement of
inductance of high Q coils ( N/D 19,10,M /J 16, 11) compare and design the balancing of a high Q and low Q
coil inductive bridge circuits. State the causes and compensation of errors in these bridges. (A/M 21)
7. How do you measure the phase angle, resistance, capacitance using ratio transformer? Or with a neat diagram
explain the working of transformer ratio bridge.( N/D 11,18,19)
8. (i) In a balanced network, AB is resistance 500ohm in series with an inductor 0.18H BC & DA are non
inductive resistances of 1kohm each CD consists of R series with capacitor C. A potential difference of 5V at
a frequency 5000/2pi is applied between points A and C. Determine the values of R and C ( N/D 12)
(ii) Draw and explain the balance conditions of a wheatstone bridge. Also derive the equation for unknown
resistance ( N/D 07,12, 16)
9. (i) Explain the working of Anderson bridge. Derive balance conditions. Also write advantages and
disadvantages.( N/D 12 M/J 13, 11)
(ii) Determine the insulation resistance of a short length of cable in which voltage falls from 125V to 100V in
25 s. The capacity of condenser is 600×10^-2F.( N/D 12)
10. (i) An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge is given. Calculate the current through the galvanometer. R1 -1000ohm
R2 – 2.5kohm R3 – 3.5kohm R4 – 10kohm Rg – 300ohm E- 6V (M/J 13)
(ii) Explain self balancing bridge.(N/ D 07,18)
11. (i) How unknown emf measured using Drysdale Tinsley ac potentiometer. (M/ J 11)
(ii) in a schering bridge the fixed resistor of 1000Ω and fixed capacitor of 50pF form opposite arms: bc and
ad. The arm ab consists of the capacitor whose capacitance required to be measured along with its dissipation
factor. The arm cd consists of a variable resistor in series with a variable capacitance. The balance is obtained
when variable resistance is 4200ohm and variable capacitance is 0.00196microF. evaluate the capacitance
connected in arm aband its dissipation factor. Derive the expression used. ( N/D 19)
12. (i)Discuss in detail to measure low Q coil.( A/M 08)
(ii) Explain the method of measuring the insulating property of a capacitor by relevant bridge circuits. (A/M
05)
13. With circuit diagram. Explain principle of Operation of duo range DC Potentiometer.(A/M 14)
14. Explain how wein bridge used for frequency measurements with diagram. Also derive the suitable expression.
( A/M 12,21 )
15. With diagram explain need of Wagner’s earth connection in bridge circuit.( N/D 08)
16. i)The AC bridge shown below is used to measure the unknown capacitance Cx and resistance Rx. ( A/M18)
Derive an expression for balance equations of the bridge.
 Determine the values of Rx and Cx if R3=R4, R2=2.5kohm, C2=0.2 microF the frequency of the supply is
1KHz. .( A/M 18)
ii) A Maxwell capacitance bridge is used to measure an unknown inductance in comparison with the
capacitance. The various values at balance: R2 400ohm R3 600ohm. R4 1000ohm. C4 0.5μF. Calculate the
values of R1 and L1. Also the value of storage factors Q of the coil if frequency is 1000Hz. (A/M 19)

17. In Anderson bridge for the measurement of inductance the arm ab consists of unknown impedance with
inductance L in series with resistance R a known variable resistance in arm bc, fixed resistance of 600ohm
each in arm cd & da a known variable resistance in de and capacitor with fixed capacitance 0f 1micro F in ce.
The AC supply 100hz is connected across a& c and detector connected between b& e. if the balance is
obtained with R=800ohm in bc and r=400ohm in de evaluate R and L by converting the bridge into maxwell’s
LC bridge performing star delta transformation of 3 resistors across cd,da,de. ( N/D 19)

NOTE:
1.To score(50-59) - Study ‘ (1 TO 10 ) ‘ questions of part A and ‘(1 TO 8 ) ‘ of part B.

2.To score(60-79) - Study ‘(1 TO 15 ) ‘ questions of part A and ‘ (1 TO 11 ) ‘ of part B.

3.To score(80 and above) - Study ‘ (1 TO 20 ) ‘ questions of part A and ‘ (1 TO 17 ) ‘ of part B.