Paragraph

Arranged By :

M. Fairli Ardiman
16711042

Dosen Pengampu : Fitriah Hasanah

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MAJOR

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF BANDAR LAMPUNG
2021 / 2022

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 CHAPTER ONE
PRELIMINARY

1.1. Background

Our daily activities as a student in carrying out the lecture process

are inseparable from the name of making written assignments, reports,
papers, TA and even thesis. Well here we are often confused and have
difficulty in compiling sentences so that they become good and correct
paragraphs. Where the main purpose of the formation of a good and
correct paragraph is to produce a good and correct essay or scientific
work that is able to convey all the main ideas that a writer wants to
express.

Actually there are so many intricacies of the scope of paragraph

writing that we do not know. A good paragraph is a paragraph that is able
to convey the main idea that a writer wants to express appropriately to the
reader. And a good paragraph is a paragraph that is able to make the
reader enjoy reading the essay or scientific work with the use of varied
types of paragraphs.

As a student in the department of education and also as a

prospective teacher, we should have a better understanding of what
paragraphs are and all their related scope. So that we can pass on this
knowledge to the generations below us later.

For this reason, the following below will be discussed in more detail
about what paragraphs are, the function of paragraphs, the elements of
paragraphs and the types of paragraphs.

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1.2. Problem Formulation
From the explanation above, the following is the formulation of the
problem that became our reference in compiling this paper, namely:
1. What is a paragraph?
2. What is the function of paragraph?
3. What are the elements of a paragraph?
4. How many types of paragraphs are there?

1.3. Purpose
The objectives to be achieved from the formulation of the problem
above are:
1. Know what is meant by paragraph.
2. Knowing what the function of paragraphs is.
3. Knowing the elements of the paragraph.
4. Know the types of paragraphs.

1.4. Benefits
The benefits of writing this paper are:
1. To help students understand what is meant by
paragraph.
2. Helping students in doing scientific work such as skripsi.

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 CHAPTER TWO
DISCUSSION

2.1. Paragraph Definition

Paragraph is a collection of sentences containing about

one main idea or main idea.

In Lunsford and Connor it is explained that paragraphs are as follows

:a collection of sentences or groups of sentences or one sentence
that forms a units. The length and appearance of a section of
scientific writing is not a criterion of a paragraph. As a brief example,
a paragraph in the style journalistic writing can consist of one
sentence that is quite long (from point to point). Therefore, the
meaning of a paragraph is a sentence or group of sentences or a
group of sentences or a combination of sentences that initiate one
main idea.
.

2.2. Paragraph Function

Something abstract is more difficult to understand than

something smaller and concrete. Understanding is basically
understanding the small parts and the relationship between the parts
in the framework of the whole. An essay can also be categorized as
something abstract. So to understand it, the essay needs to be
broken down into small parts known as paragraphs. Understanding
the contents of a paragraph is much easier than understanding the
contents of a book all at once.

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 There are several kinds of functions of paragraphs that can help
writers in doing a scientific work:

1. Serves to express ideas in written form with give a form of thought

and feeling with a series of sentences that
logically arranged in a single unit.
2. Serves to mark the transition of new ideas for essays consisting of
several paragraphs, changing paragraphs means changing
thoughts too.
3. Serves to facilitate the organization of ideas for those who
write and provide easy understanding for the reader
4. Serves to facilitate the development of essay topics into
smaller units of thought.
5. Serves to facilitate the control of variables, especially
essay consisting of several variables.

2.3. Paragraph Elements

Paragraph is a unified expression consisting of a set of
sentences used by the author as a tool to express and convey his
thoughts to the readers. In order for these thoughts to be clearly
accepted by the reader, the paragraphs must be arranged in a
logical-systematic manner. The tools to create a logical-systematic
arrangement are paragraph elements such as:
(1) Main Idea
(2) Topic sentence
(3) Developer sentence
(4) Affirmative sentence
(5) Transition

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(1) Main Idea : the main topic or idea is the most important
element because this is the soul or content of the whole
paragraph. These elements usually in the form of a problem or
idea the author wants to convey to the readers.

(2) Topic sentence : The second paragraph building element is the

main sentence. This sentence is a sentence that contains a main
idea that is placed implied. The main sentence is a sentence that
is general in nature. This matter because so that it can be
developed again with sentences explanatory.

(3) Developer sentence : Supporting sentence is a sentence that

contains ideas explanatory. This sentence has a function to
strengthen or support the main idea in the main sentence by
providing data in the form of facts, examples, opinions, and
others.

(4) Affirmative sentence : In order to become a coherent

paragraph, the sentences in Paragraphs are arranged using
transitions or conjunctions. There are two kinds The commonly
used conjunctions are inter-sentence conjunctions and intra-
sentence conjunctions sentence.

(5) Transition : The last element is affirmation. This element is not

very important in a paragraph because not all paragraphs have an
affirmation. Function of This affirmation is to add to the appeal of a
paragraph, avoiding boredom when reading it, and as an
affirmation or repetition of the main idea.

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2.4. Types of Paragraphs
There are several types of paragraphs :
1) Descriptive
A descriptive paragraph is a paragraph that tells or describes
something clearly. Descriptive paragraphs can be characterized by
the following characteristics:
This paragraph describes an object such as an object, place, or
atmosphere using the five senses (hearing, seeing, smelling,
tasting, and touching. The things that are described from the object
are in the form of physical characteristics and certain object
properties such as color, size, shape, and personality. In this type
of paragraph, we often find words or phrases that mean a situation
or situation adjective.
Example :

“The table that my father bought for Ari as a birthday present

has arrived.
The table is made of teak wood. The table is approximately 75
cm in height
about 50 cm long by 1.5 meters. This light brown table looks
fits perfectly with Ari's study room which is a bit dark. This table
has 2 cupboards
one on the left and the other on the right. With foot support
make this table comfortable to use for studying.”

2) An expository
An expository paragraph is a paragraph that describes how or
instructions so that the reader can understand the text clearly. The
characteristics of this paragraph are: there is a definition or
understanding of the term of a topic of discussion. Not inviting or
influencing. In the form of informative paragraphs,

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 This means that it can provide information to the reader. Usually
paragraph It has clear details of data to support the relevant
information be delivered.
Example :

“Organizations need strong collaboration in order to run

well. Like a car that moves because of the engine
cars and other components that work together. Organization too
requires a component such as the chairman of the organization,
vice chairman, secretary, treasurer, public relations and group
members. These are the ones move the organization. Like in a car
when even one is missing or damaged, will hinder the way the car
can't even run at all. Likewise with the organization, all parties have
certain functions and duties which will disrupt the running of the
organization, if one of them is absent or Doesn't work. Even the
smallest part like the members is very important position in the
organization."

3) Narrative
Narrative paragraph is a paragraph that tells an event or event
events in which there is a subject, the actor, the time of the incident
and the storyline. The characteristics of this paragraph, namely,
arranged in time sequence, either in the form of a forward flow or
reverse flow. Contains an event that tells of an action or action
action. Has story elements such as characters, settings, conflicts
and angles author's point of view. In this paragraph, the youngest
characteristics are marked, namely there are quite a few direct
sentences. And the writing has style creative and aesthetic so that it
can make the reading more interesting.

Example :

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 “Stevanus was born in Ulm in Württemberg, Germany;
about 100 km next door east of Stuttgart. His father's name is
Stefanus lucas, a feather bed seller who went on to work on
electrochemistry, and his mother's name was maria. They
married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Their families are of Jewish
descent; Stefanus was educated in a Catholic school and at the
wish of his mother he was given violin lessons."

(4) Argumentative
An argumentative paragraph is a paragraph that expresses a
opinions or ideas that have supporting reasons. The characteristics
are The main sentence is an opinion or idea conveyed by the
author. Opinions expressed are usually in the form of something
that attracts the reader and create controversy in society.
Accompanied by explanatory sentences in the form of strong and
supported reasons by facts, examples, statistical data, graphs to
further convince the reader. And ends with a logical conclusion and
is based on the main idea stated at the beginning of the sentence.
Example:

“The cost of education in Indonesia is very expensive. Even

though the government has provide assistance, but still the
students have to pay some fees for school purposes, such as
clothes, books, and others. Expensive cost This education is
not only limited to elementary school, but up to college tall.
Even the cost of studying on campus is very, very expensive
because the government does not provide direct assistance to
universities – College. Many children who after graduating from
high school prefer to find a job instead of continuing in college.

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 As a result, education in Indonesia is not evenly distributed and
only concentrated only those who can afford it. As for the
underprivileged, higher education is just a dream.”

(5) Persuasive
A persuasive paragraph is a paragraph that contains an invitation
that has a purpose for the reader to take action. Persuasion
paragraphs have reasons supported by data and facts. This
paragraph is trying to convince readers to do or believe what the
author wrote. Persuasion paragraphs often use invitation words
such as come on, come on and etc. Usually prioritizes agreement of
opinion and avoids conflict so that the reader's trust is not lost.
Example:

"Education is the most important thing in life, okay?"

formal or informal education. With education we can get and be
whatever we want. Education can also lead us to better life. We
can achieve education by studying hard at school, at home and
elsewhere. If we don't study with serious and active, of course
what we do is just in vain because there is no which can be
achieved by not earnest action. as a result we cannot reach our
goals. Therefore, let's study hard and earnestly so that we can
achieve our goals.

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 CHAPTER THREE
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Indonesian language is a field of science or subject area that must

be mastered by all students in Indonesia. Even though at the time of
college we were in a special department, but to graduate from college, one
of the elements that affect our graduation is the field of Indonesian
language. Starting from daily tasks in the form of reports, papers and
finally theses, all of these things we managed to do, of course, with our
understanding of knowledge in the field of Indonesian language.

The conclusions that i get from the preparation of the paper entitled
"Paragraph" are as follows:

1. Paragraph is a collection of sentences containing about one

main idea or main idea.
2. Paragraph function:
A placeholder for fragments of thoughts or main ideas.

1. Serves to express ideas in written form with give a form of

thought and feeling with a series of sentences that
logically arranged in a single unit.
2. Serves to mark the transition of new ideas for essays
consisting of several paragraphs, changing paragraphs
means changing thoughts too.
3. Serves to facilitate the organization of ideas for those who
write and provide easy understanding for thr reader.
4. Serves to facilitate the development of essay topics into
smaller units of thought.

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 5. Serves to facilitate the control of variables, especially essay
consisting of several variables.

3. Paragraph elements:
a. Main idea
b. Topic sentence
c. Developer sentence
d. Affirmative sentence
e. Transition sentence

4. Types of Paragraphs:
1. Descriptive
2. An Expository
3. Narrative
4. Argumentative
5. Persuasive

3.2 Suggestion

We often view Indonesian as a field of study that can be put aside

first, because the material is little or it takes only a little time to master it.
But we are wrong, the field of Indonesian language science is quite broad.
There are many parts in it that we have never known and really need to
learn, such as the material in the "Paragraph" subsection. It turns out that
paragraphs have many rules and types.

This paper is still far from perfect. For this reason, readers
who are interested in rewriting this paper are expected to further develop
points that have not been fully discussed in this paper.

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 DAFTAR PUTAKA
http://elearning.faqih.net/2010/07/makalah-bahasa-indonesia-
paragraf.html

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragraf

http://rangkuman-pelajaran.blogspot.com/2009/12/bahasa-indonesia-jenis-
jenis-paragraf.html

http://themeanz.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/jenis-jenis-paragraf/

http://husen30.blogspot.com/2010/04/jenis-jenis-paragraf.html

http://pbsindonesia.fkip-uninus.org/media.php?module=detailmateri&id=65

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