Pariṇāmavāda

परिणामवाद
Prepared by
Dr. Amritha S Sarma
Dr. Abhishek Singh
Dr. Greeshma Mohan
Dr. Hariom Sharma
Dr. Priya More
Dr. Ruchika M
Pariṇāmavāda (परिणामवाद)— the Sāṅkhya
doctrine of evolutionPariṇāmavāda
(परिणामवाद) known as Transformation
theory, is that which presupposes the cause
to be continually transforming itself into its
effects.
It has three variations
> the Satkarya-vada of the Samkhyas,
>the Prakrti Parinama-vada of the Saiva
Siddhanta and
>the Brahma-Parinama- vada of the
Vishishtadvaita Vedanta
school of Thought.
In Indian philosophy, there are basically
three major cosmological theories of
origination –
 1) Arambha-vada -the theory of atomic
agglomeration, based on the theory of
Asatkarya-vada that the effect, which is
something newly produced, does not exist in
the cause.
2) Parinama-vada -the theory of real
transformation, based on Satkarya-vada that
the effect, though phenomenally different, is
substantially identical with the cause, and
pre-exists latently in it, and
3) Vivartavada-(the theory of apparent
transformation or of false appearance. There
is also the fourth, Pratityasamutpada-vada,
the theory of dependent origination of
Buddhism.
According to the Sat-Karya-vada of the
Samkhya School, also accepted by the
Vishisht advaitavada Vedanta, causation is
the manifestation of what is in the latent
condition in the cause. The Prakrti
Parinama-vada is based on the premise that
the world is a transformation of the
primordial Nature or Prakrti.
According to the Brahman Parinama-vada,
the world is a transformation of Brahman.
Parināma-vāda is the term that refers to the
Monotheistic Schools’ theory of ‘actual
transformation’ different from Vivartavada,
the Monistic Schools’ theory of apparent
transformation. It is the theory that the effect
is a real transformation of the cause.
According to the Brahman-parinama, this
universe is a real transformation of
Brahman.
The Svetasvatara Upanishad says - मायां तु
प्रकृतिं – “Know Maya to be Prakrti”.
But, both the Samkhya School and the
Brahma Sutras base their understandings of
the process of transformation for origination
of things on the will of the creator.
Badarayana by stating –"
नासतोऽदृष्टत्वात ्"(Brahma Sutra
2.2.26),declares that Existence does not
come out of non-existence.
The entire creation is the result of
Brahman’s will –
"अभिध्योपदे शाच्च"(Brahma Sutra 1.4.24),
and that all trans migratory existence has no
beginning - "उपपद्यते चाप्यल ु भ्यते
च"(Brahma Sutra 2.1.36).
The process of world does not bring
anything new into existence. It is a process
of transformation of the potential (Avyakta)
effects into actual effects. On account of the
accessory causes the material causes
transformed into the effect. This view is
called Parinamavada, the doctrine of
transformation.

1. Cause for every Karya in universe -

According to Acharya Charaka, Samanya,
Visheṣa, Dravya, Guṇa, Karma and
Samavaya are the causative factors for the
whole universe or these are six such factors
which are responsible for everything in this
universe and hence known as Shat-Karanas.
2. Cause for Dirghayu - After gaining the
correct knowledge of these six Karanas and
following the methods or prescriptions
available in the science, Acharyas attained
the highest level of wellbeing and an
inexhaustibly long life. So here Karma
becomes one of the cause for attaining
healthy and long life.
3. Cause for the effect as Purushotpatti-
Rajas and Tamas are considered as the
cause for production of Rashipurusha. The
Chikitsapurusha is the effect of
combination of Panchamahabhuta and
Atma.
4. Cause for the effect as Rogotpatti
Healthy status is maintained when Dosha,
Dhatu, and Mala are in homeostasis, and
when this homeostasis is disturbed it leads
to Vyadhi. To create this Dosha Vaishamya
or Vyadhi, certain causes are required and
these are the Nidana called as Karana in
Ayurveda . It is also considered that the one
which produces the disease is called as Hetu
or Nidana or Karana.
5. Cause for the effect as
Dhatusamya/Chikitsa

The primary aim of Ayurveda is to maintain

the healthy status of a Svastha purusha and
to cure the diseases if they occur. For
achieving both these aims, Dhatusamya is
necessary which can be described by Hetu
Skandha, Linga Skandha, Aushadha
Skandha.
Karya-Karana Siddhanta is a universal
law/principle/theory which mainly explain
by Darshana, that every effect has its own
specific cause and all the specific causes
produce the specific effect. Almost all the
opinions directly or indirectly found are
being applied in Ayurvedic Chikitsa
Vijnana. According to Ayurveda,
Dhatusamya is concerned with the
normalcy of all Dhatus (constituents of the
body). To attain this Dhatusamya, Acharyas
mentioned Shat-Karanas as Samanya,
Vishesha, Guna, Dravya, Karma and
Samvaya. The concept of every principle is
an ideology that is to be considered neither
complete truth nor completely false but all
these are partial, time being, conditional
truth and are needed to ascertain or establish
the true knowledge likewise such deep
knowledge of Ayurvedic science /
philosophy to understand the mystery of life
as well as of management.

&lk¡[;&n'kZu dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fl)kUr

lRdk;Zokn gSA bl fl)kUr ds vuqlkj
lk¡[;&n'kZu dk;Z vkSj dkj.k esa dksbZ Hksn
ugha Lohdkj djrk gSA dk;Z vkSj dkj.k esa
tks Hksn fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS] og dsoy
O;kogkfjd gSA
-परिणामवाद से तात्पर्य है कि कारण
वास्तविक रूप में कार्य में परिवर्तित हो
जाता है । जैसे तिल तेल में , दध
ू दही में
रूपांतरित होता है ।
& _Xosn bR;kfn esa Hkh lka[; ds inkFkksZa
dh >yd feyrh gSA tSls & **re vklhÙkelk
xw<+exzs·izdsr** esa lka[; ds lHkh vO;ä
dk ladsr feyrk gSA bl lcls ;g rks vo'; Li"V
gksrk gS fd fodflr rFkk O;ofLFkr
lka[;&n'kZu dh i`"BHkwfe esa fo|eku fopkj
ftuls mudk Hkkoh Lo:i fu/kkZfjr gqvk]
vR;Ur izkphu gSa('osrk'orj esa
lka[;&mifu"kn~ ekuk gh tkrk gSA lk¡[; vkSj
dfiy uke blesa igyh gh ckj vk, gSaA
&blh izdkj O;ä&vO;ä vkSj K ;s rhuksa Hkh
blh mifu"kn~ esa feyrs gSaA iz/kku vkSj
xq.k 'kCn Hkh buesa feyrs gSaA
&'osrk'orjksifu"kn~ ds izfl) eU= ^* ek;ka rq
izÑfr fo|kUekf;ua rq egs'oje~** esa vO;ä ;k
iz/kku dk ^izÑfr* uke Hkh vk;k gqvk gSA
&oLrqr% rkfÙod n`f"V ls dksbZ Hksn ugha
gS] D;ksafd lk¡[;&n'kZu ds erkuqlkj tks
mRié gksrk gS] mldk vfLrRo mRifÙk ls
iwoZ vius dkj.k esa vO;ä :i ls vo'; fo|eku
jgrk gSA ;fn mRi|eku dk;Z dk vfLrRo
mRifÙk ls iwoZ vius dkj.k esa fo|eku u
gksrk rks mlls dk;Z dh mRifÙk lEHko gh
ugha gSA dk;Z dsoy dkj.k dh O;äkoLFkk gS
rFkk dkj.k dsoy dk;Z dh vO;äkoLFkk gSA
vr% dk;Z ,oa dkj.k vFkok ifj.kke blh fl)kUr
ds |ksrd ukekUrj ek= gSaA
lk¡[;&n'kZu vius mi;qZä fl)kUr ds izfriknu
esa fuEu dkj.k ,oa ;qfä;k¡ izLrqr djrk gS&

**vlndj.kknqiknkuxzg.kkr~
loZlaHkokHkkokr~A
'käL; 'kD;dj.kkr~ dkj.kHkkokPp
lRdk;Ze~**AA

vFkkZr~ &vlr~ dkj.k ls lRdk;Z dh mRifÙk

ugha gks ldrh gSA
&miknku xzg.k ¼lr~ dkj.k½ ls gh lRdk;Z
dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
&leLr izdkj ds dkj.kksa ls lHkh izdkj ds
dk;ksZa dh mRifÙk lEHko ugha gSA
&'kfäHkko dkj.k ls 'kD; dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA
&vr% dkj.k dh lÙkk gksus ls lr~dk;Z gksrk
gS] vFkkZr~ dk;Z dk vfLrRo izdk'k esa
vkrk gSA

lr~dk;Zokn dks ifj.kkeokn dgk tk ldrk gSA

bl fl)kUr ds vuqlkj leLr pjkpj txr~ izÑfr dk
gh ifj.kke gSA
ijUrq ;gk¡ iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd ,d gh izÑfr
ukuk :i txr~ dks dSls mRié djrh gS \
bldk lek/kku ;g gS fd ewy dkj.k izÑfr lÙo]
jt] re~] vkfn f=xq.k ds dkj.k l`f"V vkSj izy;
vkSj oS"kE;koLFkk l`f"V ds dkj.k gSaA
pw¡fd xq.k ifj.kke'khy gksrs gSa vr% {k.k
ek= Hkh fcuk ifj.kke fLFkj ugha jg ldrsA
izy;koLFkk esa xq.k foln`'k ifj.kke dks
NksM+dj ln`'k ifj.kke okys gks tkrs gSaA bl
izfØ;k ds lEiknu esa lÙo&lÙo :i ls] jt&jt :i
ls vkSj re&re :i ls izo`Ùk gksrk gSA blh ls
bu xq.kksa dh lkE;koLFkk gksrh gS
vkSj ;gh txr~ dk izy; gSA l`f"V dky esa ;gh
xq.k ln`'k ifj.kke dks NksM+dj vyx foln`'k
ifj.kke okys gksrs gq, egr~ vkfn dks mRié
djrs gSa] ijUrq izÑfr ds lxZ :i esa izo`Ùk
gksus ij os xq.k iz/kku vkfn ukukHkkoksa ls
feydj izo`Ùk gksrs gSaA
ftl rjg ckny ls mUeqä ty ,d jl okyk gksrk
gqvk Hkh fofHké Hkwfodkjksa dks izkIr dj
ukfjdsy vkfn ds jl ds :i esa ifj.kr gksrk gqvk
e/kqj] vEy ,oa yo.kkfn "kM~Hkkoksa dks
izkIr gks tkrk gS] mlh izdkj lÙo] jt] re
f=xq.k ds ukuk :i fo'ks"krk dk vkJ; dj izÑfr
ls vusd izdkj ds ifj.kke okys gks tkrs
gSa&** dkj.keLR;O;äe~] izorZrs f=xq.kr%
leqn;kPpAifj.kker% lfyyor~
izfrizfrxq.kkJ;fo'ks"kkr~**AA
vk;qosZn esa ifj.kkeokn

&vk;qosZn esa egf"kZ pjd }kjk Hkh jlksa

dh vfHkO;fä esa ,slk gh n`"VkUr fn;k x;k
gSA ;Fkk varfj{k ls mRié ty lkSE; gksrk gS]
mldh izÑfr 'khry] y?kq ,oa vO;ä jl dh gksrh
gSA ;gh ty i`Foh ij fxjdj i¥pegkHkwrksa ds
xq.kksa ls ;qä gksdj taxeLFkkoj izkf.k;ksa
dks r`Ir djrk gS vkSj "kM~jlksa dh
vfHkO;fä gks tkrh gSA
egf"kZ pjd us dgk gS&
^^rs"kka "k..kka jlkuka
lksexq.kkfrjsdkUe/kqjks jl%
i`fFkO;fHkHkwf;"BRoknEy%
lfyykfHkHkwf;"BRokYyo.k% ok
̧ofXuHkwf;"BRokr~dVqd% ok
̧okdk'kkfrfjäRokfÙkä%
ioui`fFkohO;frjsdkr~d"kk; bfrA**
i¥pegkHkwrksa ds U;wukf/kd laxBu ls
e/kqjkEy yo.kkfn jlksa dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA
lk¡[; ds leku gh vk;qosZn esa Hkh ifj.kkeokn
dk izpqj iz;ksx feyrk gSA &pjd dk dFku gS
fd LoLFko`Ùk ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,
ftlls jksx mRié gksus u ik;sA lq[kkfHkyk"kh
dks pkfg, fd tks vuqRié O;kf/k gS] mls mRié
u gksus nsa vkSj tks mRié gks x;h gS] mlds
'keu ds fy, 'kkL=fofgr fof/k;ksa dk ikyu djuk
pkfg,A ;Fkk&
**vtkrkukeuqRiÙkkS tkrkuka fofuo`Ùk;sA
jksxk.kka ;ks fof/kn`Z"V% lq[kkFkhZ ra
lekpjsr~**AA

&leLr izkf.k;ksa dh izo`fÙk lq[k ds fy,

gksrh gS] ijUrq tks O;fä KkuiwoZd dk;Z
djrk gS] og lq[kdj ekxZ esa izo`Ùk gksrk gS
,oa tks vKkuiwoZd dk;Z djrs gSa] os nq%
[kdj ekxZ esa izo`Ùk gksus ds dkj.k nq%
[kHkkxh gksrs gSa&
**lq[kkFkZa loZHkwrkuka erk% lokZ%
izo`Ùk;%A
KkukKkufo'ks"kkÙkq ekxkZekxZizo`Ùk;
%**AA

&;g lc ;FkkFkZ Kku ds fcuk ugha gks ldrkA

ijh{kd esa ;FkkFkZ Kku ds fy, fuEukafdr
xq.k vko';d gS % 'kkL= dk vH;kl] cqf)]
Lej.k 'kfä] dk;Z n{krk] /kkj.kk 'kfä] fgrdj
oLrqvksa dk lsou] ok.kh dh 'kq)rk]
'kkfUr] /kS;Z] jt vkSj re ls O;kIr ykSfdd
iq#"kksa esa ;s xq.k ugha ik;s tkrs gSaA
bUgha jt vkSj eksg ds dkj.k euq"; fofHké
'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld O;kf/k;ksa ls vkØkUr
gksrk gSA LokLF;laiknu ds fy, vusd
mik;ksa dk voyEcu vk;qosZn esa of.kZr
gSA muds mYya?ku ls vusd nq"ifj.kke
vLokLF; nq%[k ds :i esa of.kZr gSaA ,slh
fLFkfr esa lRdk;Zokn gh LokLF; ykHk vkfn
,oa mlls mRié fodkjksa ds la;ksx dk vfuR;Ro
?kksf"kr dj /kS;Z j[kus dk funsZ'k djrk gSA
&gsrq dh fo"kerk ls 'kjhj dh /kkrq,¡ fo"ke ,oa
gsrq ds lkE; ls lkE;koLFkk dks Lor%izkIr
gksrh jgrh gSa&
**tk;Urs gsrqoS"kE;kr~ fo"kek
nsg/kkro%A
gsrqlkE;kr~ lekLrs"kkaLoHkkoksije
% lnk**AA
&lRdk;Zokn ;k ifj.kkeokn dkj.k vkSj dk;Z
ds vHksn dks crykrk gqvk gsrq] fyax ,oe~
vkS"k/k :i vk;qosZn ds fpfdRldksa esa
lkeatL; izLrqr djrk gqvk fpfdRldksa esa
vHkzkUr Kku dks mRié dj egku midkj djrk
gSA tSls nq"V nks"k gh /kkrqvksa dks
nwf"kr dj jksx :i esa ifj.kr gks tkrs gSaA bl
izdkj ;g gsrq vkSj y{k.k dk lkekU; :i ls fodkj
fu.kZ; esa iFk&izn'kZu djrk gSA ftl izdkj
O;kf/k&fodkl] :tk] o.kZ] leqRFkku] LFkku]
laLFkku ,oa uke vkfn Hksn ls vla[; izdkj dh
gks tkrh gS&
** r ,okifjla[;s;ka fHk|ekuekuk HkofUr fgA
#tko.kZ
leqRFkkuLFkkulaLFkkuukefHkO;ZiLFkdkj
.ka rs"kka ;FkkLFkwys"kq lxzg% rFkk
izÑfrlkekU;a fodkjs"kqifn';rsA**

lEiw.kZ fut fodkj okr] fiÙk] dQ vkfn ls

fHké ugha gksrs gSaA cqf)eku O;fä mu
fodkjksa dks rnkRed gh ekurs gSaA
&bl izdkj ds vusd LFkyksa esa
^^nks"kk ,oa ifj.kkefo'ks"kk jksxk**
vFkkZr~ nks"k gh ifj.kke dh fo'ks"krk ds
dkj.k jksx dgykrs gSaA
&blds vfrfjä vkgkj ds ifj.kke ls gh 'kjhj dh
/kkrq,¡ mRié gksrh gSaA L=ksrl~ gh ifj.kke
dks izkIr /kkrqvksa dk vfHkogu djrs gSaA
^^L=ksrkafl[kyqifj.kkeekai|ekukuka]
/kkrwukefHkokfgfuHkoUR;;ukFkZsuA^^

&;fn dk;Z oLrqr% dkj.k esa vfo|eku jgrk gS

rks fdlh Hkh iz;Ru ls mldk vkfoHkkZo ugha
gks ldrk] ijUrq dkj.k dks xHkZds
vkRetHkkoRo ds izlax esa pjd us dgk gS fd
fo|eku ¼lr~½ oLrq dk voLFkkUrj izkfIr ek=
gh tUe gSA lk/kd ;qfä ds leku pjd us
iqutZUe ds izlax esa mnkgj.k izLrqr djrs gq,
dgk gS fd "kM~/kkrqvksa ds leqnk; ls xHkZ
mRié gksrk gSA drkZ vkSj la;ksx ls fØ;k
gksrhgSA
Ñr deZ dk Qy gksrk gSA tks deZ dHkh ugha
fd;k tkrk] mldk Qy ugha gksrkA
nwljs cht ls nwljs vadqj dh mRifÙk ugha
gks ldrhA
euq"; cht ls euq"; dh gh mRifÙk gS i'kq dh
ugha] bR;kfn lRdk;Zokn ds rÙoHksn ds
mnkgj.k gSaA
&lqJqr lafgrk esa Hkh lRdk;Zokn ds fl)kUr
ds izpqj mnkgj.k izkIr gksrs gSaA
xHkZfuo`ZfÙk fo"k;d xks"Bh esa
^^loZizFke fdl vax dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA**
bl iz'u ds fopkj.k esa dksbZ vkpk;Z fdlh vax
dks izFke vfHkfuo`Ùk ekurk gS] ijUrq
/kUoUrfj lHkh vaxksa dh vfHkfuo`fÙk ,d
lkFk ekurs gSaA mudk dFku gS fd xHkZ ds
leLr vax&izR;ax ,d lkFk gh curs gSa ij
vfrlw{e gksus ds dkj.k mudk Kku ugha
gks ikrk gSA
bl izlax esa lqJqr us ,d n`"VkUr Hkh fn;k
gS] ftl izdkj ck¡l ds vadqj vkSj vke ds Qy
esa vkekoLFkk esa mldk foHkkx n`f"Vxr
ugha gksrk gS] ijUrq ogh dkykUrj esa O;ä
gksus ij mlesa ruk] iÙkk ,oa xqByh O;ä gks
tkrs gSaA blh izdkj xHkZ dh r:.kkoLFkk esa
mlds vax n`f"Vxr ugha gksrs ij ogh le; vkus
ij O;ä gks tkrs gSaA