Basic Concepts

of
Shaarir

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma

Associate Professor & Ex-HoD
PG Dept. of Rachana Shaarir
Chief Proctor
Chief- Coordinator
Human Resource Development Centre
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur
'kh;Zrs bfr 'kjhje~A
iapegkHkwr 'kjhfj leok;% iq:"k%A l ,"k%
deZiq:"k% fpfdRlkf/kd`r%A
r= 'kjhja uke psrukf/k"BkuHkwra
iapegkHkwrfodkj leqnk;kReda
le;ksxokfgA^^ ¼p-'kk- 5½
nks"k/kkrqeya ewya fg 'kjhje~A
lRokRek 'kjhja p =;esrr~ f=n.Mor~A ¼p-lw-
1@46½
 L`f’V mRifÙk Øe
psruk /kkrqjI;sd% Le`r% iq#"k laKd%A
[kkn;'psruk "k"Bk /kkro% iq#"k% Le`r%A
iqu'p /kkrqHksnsu prqfoaZ'kfrd% Le`r%A
euksn'ksfUnz;k.;FkkSZ
izd`fr'pk"V/kkrqdhA
¼p-'kk-1@16&17½
 xHkZ dh O;k[;k

'kqØ 'kksf.kra
xHkkZ'k;LFkekReizd`frfodkjlEewfPNZra
xHkZ bR;qP;rsA ra psrukofLFkra
ok;qfoZHktfr] rst% ,ua ipfr] vki% Dysn;fr]
i`fFkoh lagfUr] vkdk'ka foo/kZ;fr] ,oa
foof/kZr% l ;nk gLriknftg~ok?
kzk.kd.kZfurackfnfHkjaxS#isr% rnk 'kjhj bfr
laKka yHkrsA
loZHkwrkuka dkj.kedkj.ka
lÙojtLreksy{k.ka v"V:ief[kyL; txr%
lEHkogsrqjO;Dra ukeA
rnsda cgwuka {ks=Kkukef/k"Bkua
leqnz bokSndkuka Hkkokuke~A
¼lq-”kk-1@2½
vkpk;Z lqJqr ds vuqlkj l`f"V dh mRifÙk
izd`fr ,oa iq#"k ds la;ksx ls gksrh gSA ;s
nksuksa rÙo ewy izd`fr ds Lo:i eas vO;Dr
gksrs gSaAvkpk;Z pjd us izd`fr o iq#"k bu
nksukas rÙokas dks vO;Dr Lo:i eas gksus
ds dkj.k ,d gh vo;Dr uked rÙo ds :i eas
Lohdkj fd;k gSA
;g ewy izd`fr gh l`f"V dk ewy mRiknd
dkj.k gSA blfy;s bls vijk izd`fr Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
ewy izd`frjfod`freZgnk|k% izd`frfod`r;% lIrA
"kksM'kdLrq fodkjks u izd`fruZ fod`fr% iq#"k%AA ¼lka[; dkfjdk@03½

izd`fr% izd`fr ls rkRi;Z gS fd tks fdlh

rÙo dks mRiUu djrh gks vFkok mudk
miknku gks] fdUrq og Lo;a fdlh ls
mRiUu u gksrh gks mls izd`fr ;k ewy
izd`fr dgrs gSaA
izd`fr&fod`fr% blh izdkj tks vU;
rÙokas dks mRiUu djs vkSj Lo;a Hkh
fdlh vU; rÙo ls mRiUu gks] mls
fod`fr% buds vfrfjDr tks vU; rÙo ls
mRiUu gks vkSj Lo;a fdlh vU; rÙo dks
mRiUu u djs mls fod`fr dgrs gSaA
vizd`fr&vfod`fr ¼vuqHk;½% tM+
inkFkkasZ eas gh dk;Zdkj.k dh ijEijk dh
fLFkfr gksus ls bu ls vyx psru iq#"k dks
vizd`fr&vfod`fr ¼vuqHk;½ vFkkZr~ u gh
;g izd`fr gksrk gS vkSj u gh fdlh ls
mRiUu gksrk gSA
 Genotype
Genotype refers to the genetic make-
up of an organism; in other words, it
describes an organism's complete set of
genes. Humans are diploid organisms,
which means that they have two alleles
at each genetic position with one allele
inherited from each parent.
The term "phenotype" refers to the
observable physical properties of an
organism.
These properties include organism's
appearance, development & behaviour.
Phenotype is the actual consequence of
Genotype.
 izd`fr o iq#"k eas lk/kE;Z ,oa oS/kE;Z%

izd`fr ,oa iq#"k eas fofHkUu lk/kE;Z ,oa

oS/kE;Z dh fLFkfr ns[kus dks feyrh gSA
lk/kE;Z ls rkRi;Z nks rÙokas ijLij lekurk
vFkok ,d tSls xq.k&/keZ ds ik;s tkus ls
gSA blds foijhr oS/kE;Z ls vfHkizk; nks
rÙokas esas ijLij vlekurk vFkok ,d nwljs
ds foijhr xq.k&/keZ ik;s tkus ls gSA
 izd`fr o iq#"k eas lk/kE;ZZ%

vkpk;Z lqJqr iq#"k ,oa izd`fr dh

lk/kE;Zrk vFkok lekurk ds
lEcU/k eas crkrs gSa fd izd`fr ,ao
iq#"k nksukas gh vukfn] vuUr]
fujkdkj] fuR;] vij] loZxr ,oa
loZO;kid xq.kkas ls ;qDr gSaaA
 izd`fr o iq#"k eas oS/kE;Z
izd`fr
 izd`fr lRo] jt o re bu f=xq.kkas ls ;qDr] cht/kfeZ.kh]
izlo/kfeZ.kh rFkk ve/;LFk/kfeZ.kh gksrh gSA
 izd`fr vpsru ¼tM+½ Lo:i gksrh gS vkSj f=xq.kkfRedk
vFkkZr~ lRo] jt ,oa re xq.kkas ls ;qDr gksrh gSA
 izd`fr cht /kfeZ.kh gksrh gSA ;gka cht/kfeZ.kh ls
vfHkizk; lHkh egr~ vkfn fodkjksa ds cht Hkko ls
vofLFkr gksus ls gS ¼tSls cht esa o`{k dh mRifÙk
dk /keZ gksrk gS mlh izdkj egr~ vkfn rÙokas esa
l`f"V dh mRifÙk dk /keZ gksrk gS½A
 izd`fr
vr% izd`fr izlo /kfeZ.kh gksrh gSA ;gka izlo/kfeZ.kh ls
vfHkizk; egr~ vkfn rÙokas ds ek/;e ls leLr pjkpj
¼LFkkoj vFkok taxe½ l`f"V dks tUe nsus ds /keZ ls
gSA
izd`fr ve/;LFk/kfeZ.kh gksrh gSA blls vfHkizk; lRo
vkfn f=xq.kksa ds la;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i lq[kkfn xq.kksa
ds vUrxZr lq[k vkSj nq%[k ds e/; ve/;LFk gksrh gSA
vFkkZr~ izd`fr vpsru gksus ls ,oa lRokfn :i gksus ls bu
xq.kksa dh lfØ;rk eas dksbZ lg;ksx ugha djrh gSA
 iq#"k
 iq#"k ls vfHkizk; egr~ vkfn rÙokas ls mRiUu lw{e
fyax 'kjhj ls gksrk gSA ;g fyax 'kjhj fl) iq#"kksa
vFkok ;ksxh iq#"kksa dks gh cks/kxE; gksrk gSA
bldh ifjHkk"kk eas dgk x;k gS ^^iqfj 'ksrs bfr iq#"k
%**A vFkkZr~ bl iqj vFkkZr~ HkkSfrd 'kjhj eas
tks psru rÙo vofLFkr gksrk gS] mls gh iq#"k dgk
x;k gSA ,rnuqlkj ;g iq#"k psru rÙo dks bafxr djrk
gSA ;g iq#"k psrukoku~] v.kq] vcht/kekZ]
vizlo/kekZ ,oa e/;LFk/kekZ ,oa fufoZdkj gksrk gSA
 iq#"k
iq#"k lw{e fyax 'kjhj] v.kq ,oa psru Lo:i esa
gSaA bl izdj.k eas vkpk;Z lqJqr us dgk gS fd
iq#"k rÙo izR;{k u gksdj vuqeku xzká gSA ;g
ije lw{e ,oa psru rÙo ;qDr ,oa fuR; gSA ;g iq#"k
iwoZtUe ds dekZsa ds vuqlkj fofHkUu
ikapHkkSfrd 'kqØ&'kksf.kr la;ksx eas lUu)
gksrk gSA
 iq#"k
iq#"k vukfn gSA blls vfHkizk; gS fd iq#"k dh
mRifÙk fdlls gqbZ bldk dksbZ izek.k miyC/k
ugha gSA vkpk;Z pjd dgrs gSa fd ijekRek rÙo
dh mRifÙk eas dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA bl dkj.k
bls vukfn dgk tkrk gSA
iq#"k vcht/kekZ gSA vFkkZr~ blesasa egr~]
vgadkj vkfn rÙo dh fLFkfr ugha gksrhA vr%
bldks vcht/kekZ dgk x;k gSA
 iq#"k vizlo/kekZ gSA vFkkZr~ ;g fdlh rÙo dks
tUe nssus eas lgk;d ugha gSA vr% bldks
vizlo/kekZ dgk x;k gSA
 iq#"k
iq#"k e/;LFk/kekZ gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ lRo vkfn
f=xq.kksa ds la;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i lq[kkfn
xq.kksa ds vUrxZr lq[k vkSj nq%[k ds e/;
e/;LFk dh Hkwfedk iznku djrk gSA vFkkZr~
iq#"k psru gksus ls lRokfn :i gksus ls bu xq.kksa
dh fØ;k eas lfØ; lg;ksx djrk gSA vFkkZr~ iq#"k
vFkkZr~ psru rÙo ds gksus ls gh lq[k] nq%[k]
bPNk] }s"k vkfn xq.kksa dh vuqHkwfr gksrh
gSA vr% iq#"k e/;LFk /kekZ gksrk gSA
 f=xq.k lRo] jt ,oa re
 lRo xq.k LokLF; dk dkj.k gSA
 LoLFk gksus dh fLFkfr eas vkuUn o lq[k feyrk gSA
 blfy, lRo xq.k gh vkuUn vkSj lq[k dk Hkh dkj.k gSA
 jtks xq.k nq%[k] fpUrk ,oa O;kf/k dk dkjd gSA
 reks xq.k fo"kkn dkjd gSA ;g eksg ,oa tM+rk dk dkjd gSA
 ;s rhuksa xq.k euq";kas dks mijksDr HkkSfrd xq.kksa ls
tksMs+ j[krs gSaA
 ;s rhuksa gh xq.k viuh&viuh {kerkvksa ds vuqlkj 'kjhj ds
lq[k&nq%[k vFkok eksg vkfn dh fLFkfr dks mRiUu djrs
gSaA
Triguna is responsible for the Physiological
and Pathalogical Changes in the humans.
For example we see that urge of hunger is
the acceleration of the Rajas Guna for
dietary point of view.
After eating hunger is terminated and
process of Homoeostasis is maintained that
is the Satvika Bhava and after that Tamas
Guna is activated as it is the inhibition stage
from dietary point of view.
Same way the emotions too have the
Triguna Mechanism.
If some of your loved ones is hurt in front
of you then the Rajasika Guna is released
and it helps you to tackle the situation.
After the end of dispute, you become
relaxed and that is the stage of Tamasik
Guna.
And this way, emotional stance is
brought back to normal stage which is
called as the Satvik Stage.
lRokRek 'kjhja p =;esrr~ f=n.Mor~A
¼p-lw- 1@46½

This way Triguna (Satva) in the presence of

Purusha (Soul) are the main functionary
behind each and every functioning of the
human body (Sharira).
 nks"k/kkrqeyewya fg 'kjhje~
vFkkZr~ f=nks"k lIr/kkrq o f=ey ;s 'kjhj dk ewy
ekus x;s gSA tSlk fd iwoZ esa dgk gS fd 'kjhj ds ikap
HkkSfrd vo;oksa esa fØ;kvksa dk laiknu f=nks"k gh
djrs gSa fdUrq lkFk gh lIr /kkrq ;Fkk jl jDr] ekal]
esn vfLFk eTtk o 'kqØ Hkh 'kjhj ds iks"k.k o
lkekU; fØ;k laiknu esa vko';d gSaA nks"k /kkrq ey
esa rsjg ds rsjg ;fn 'kjhj dk /kkj.k djrs gSa rks /kkrq
dgykrs gS ;g vkjksX;rk dh fLFkfr gS] vkSj ;fn ;s
'kjhj dks nwf"kr djrs gSa rks nks"k dgykrs gSaA
vFkkZr~ ;gh jksx dh fLFkfr gSA dgk Hkh gSA
 ^^ fodkjks /kkrq oS"kE;a nks"k lkE;ejksxrkA
'kkjhj Kku ds iz;kstu %&

'kjhja loZFkk losZ loZnk osn ;ks

fHk"kd~A
vk;qosZna l dkRL;sZu osn yksd
lq[kizne~AA ¼p-'kk- 6@19½

'kjhjs pSo 'kkL=s p n`"VkFkZ%

L;kfn}'kkjn%A
n`"VJqrkH;ka lUnsgeokiksákpjsr~ fØ;k
%A ¼lq-'kk- 5@63½
'kkjhj LFkku dh fu;qfDr %&
'kjhja fpUR;rs loZa nSoekuq"k lEinkA
loZ HkkoS;ZrLrLekPNkjhja
LFkkueqP;rsA ¼p-'kk- 8@69½

vFkkZr~ tgka ij nso lair~ vFkkZr~

¼ijekRek½ o ekuq"k lair~ vFkkZr~
¼iq:"kkFkZ½ bu nksuksa ls lEcfU/kr
izkf.kek= ds 'kjhj dk fpUru fd;k tkrk gS ml
LFkku dks 'kkjhj LFkku dgrs gSA
vfHkfuo`fÙk'kkjhje~
/kkrqHksnsu iq#"klaxBue~
/kkrq 'kCn ls /kkj.kkr~ /kkro% vFkkZr~ tks /kkj.k
djs og /kkrq gSA
iq:"k 'kCn ls iqfj 'ksrs vFkkZr~ bl iqj :ih 'kjhj esa
tks ¼vkRek½ cukrk gS og iq:"k gSA vk;qosZn
esa /kkrq Hksn ls fofHkUu izdkj ds iq:"kksa dh
dYiuk dh xbZ gSA ;Fkk &
¼1½,d /kkRokRed iq:"k %& psruk /kkrqjI;sd%
Le`r% iq:"k laKd%A ¼p- 'kk-
1@16½
vFkkZr~ dsoy ek= psruk /kkrq dks gh iq:"k
ekurs gSA
f=/kkRokRed iq:"k
¼v½ lÙokRek'kjhja p =;esrr~ f=n.Mor~A
¼p-lw- 1@46½
vFkkZr~ eu vkRek o 'kjhj ;s rhuks f=n.M
Lo:i iq:"k dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA bu rhu xq.kksa
ls ;qDr iq:"k dks f=/kkRokRed iq:"k ds uke ls
tkurs gSaA
¼l½ okr] fiÙk o dQ %& bu rhuksa nks"kksa ls
;qDr dks f=/kkRokRed iq:"k dgrs gSaA

¼4½iap/kkRokRed iq:"k %& iapegkHkwr

vkdk'k] ok;q vfXu] i`Foh] ty budk leqnk; gh
¼5½ "kM~/kkRot~ iq:"k %&
¼v½ iapegkHkwr 'kjhfj leok;% iq:"k%A
¼lq-'kk- 1@17½
¼c½ [kkn;'psruk "i"Bk /kkro% Le`r% iq:"k
laKd%A ¼p-'kk- 1@16½
vFkkZr~ iapegkHkwr o vkRek esa feydj iq:"k dh
mRifÙk gksrh gSA

¼6½ lIr/kkRokRed iq:"k %jlkl`M~-

ekalesnks·fLFk eTtk 'kqØkf.k /kkro%A
¼v-â-lw- 1½
¼7½}kn'k/kkRokRed iq:"k %&
¼8½ =;ksn'k /kkRokRed iq:"k %& nks"k/kkrqeyewya fg
'kjhje~A ¼lq- 'kw 15½
 vFkkZr~ f=nks"k] lIr/kkrq o rhu ey budk leqnk; gh iq:"k
gSA
¼9½ lIrn'k/kkRokRed iq:"k %& iap KkusfUnz;] iap
desZfUnz; ¼gLr] ikn] xqn] miLFk] ok.kh½] iapsfUnz;fo"k;]
vkRek eu bl izdkj lIrn'k/kkRokRed iq:"k dh dYiuk dh xbZ gSA
¼10½prqfoZa'kfrrRokRed iq:"k%
iqu'p /kkrqHksnsu prqfoZ'akfrd% Le`r%A
euksn'ksfUnz;k.;FkkZS izd`fr'pk"V/kkrqdhA ¼p-'kk-
1@17½
vFkkZr~ ewy izd`fr vkB gSaA buesa vO;Dr] cqf)] vgadkj o iap
egkHkwr ;s vkB rÙo gksrs gSaA buds vfrfjDr 16 fodkj ekus tkrs
gSaA ;s gSa iap desZfUnz;ka] iap KkusfUnz;ka] iap
KkusfUnz;kFkZ o eu bl izdkj 16 fodkj ekus x;s gSaA bl izdkj
prqfoZ'kfr /kkRokRed iq:"k gksrk gSA
11½ iapfo'kafr rÙokRed iq:"k%
 mijksDr prqfoZa'kfr rÙokRed iq:"k esa ;fn vkRek dks Hkh
feyk ns rks iapfo'kfr rRokRed iq:"k ekuk tkrk gSA dgk Hkh gSA
 'kqØ'kksf.kraxHkkZ'k;LFkekReizd`frfodkjlEewfPNZra xHkZ
bR;qP;rsA¼lq-'kk- 5@3½

deZiq#"k vFkok fpfdRL; iq#"k

ftl iq:"k esa fodkj mRiUu gksrs gSaA tks lq[k] nq%[k vkfn
y{k.kksa ls ;qDr gksrk gS mls deZ iq:"k ds uke ls tkurs gSaA blh
iq:"k dks O;kf/k o fodkj dk vkJ; LFkku ekus tkus ls fpfdRL;
iq:"k ekuk tkrk gSA ;g prqfoZ'kfr ;k iapfo'kfr /kkRokRed iq:"k
gksrk gSA
jkf'kiq#"k
iqu'p /kkrqHksnsu prqfoZ'akfrd% Le`r%A
euksn'ksfUnz;k.;FkkZS izd`fr'pk"V/kkrqdhA ¼p-'kk-
1@17½
Thanx