Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

Mumbai. (M.S.)

MICRO PROJECT
On
“Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which
are responsible for pollution and collect information
on how to manage them”
Submitted by
JOSHI ABHAY CHANDRASHEKHAR
GAIKWAD NIKHIL SANJAY
JADHAV RAHUL DAULAT

G.S. Mandal’s
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering
Marathwada Institute of Technology,
Polytechnic, Aurangabad.

Academic Year: - 2021-2022

 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
Roll Enrollment Exam
Name of Student
No. No. Seat No.
10. JOSHI ABHAY CHANDRASHEKHAR 1900660056 200959

11. GAIKWAD NIKHIL SANJAY 200660047 200960

12. JADHAV RAHUL DAULAT 2000660048 200961

This is to certify that: -

have successfully completed “Prepare a list of polluted natural resources
which are responsible for pollution and collect information on how to
manage them” Micro-project for the subject EST 22447 as in the enclosed
‘Portfolio ‘during her tenure of Completing the Diploma in Computer
Engineering ( EJ5I) in Academic Year 2021-2022 from M.I.T. Polytechnic,
Aurangabad with Institute Code 0066.

Date:

Prof.Shaikh Asif Prof. M.G.Granthi

Guide H.O.D.

Principal
Marathwada Institute of Technology,
Polytechnic, Aurangabad
 Micro Project

Name of Department: Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

semester: 5
Course Title: _ EST Code: 22447
Title of Micro Project: Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are
responsible for pollution and collect information on how to manage them.

Roll
Name of Student Enrollment No. Exam Seat No.
No.
10. JOSHI ABHAY CHANDRASHEKHAR 1900660056 200959

11. GAIKWAD NIKHIL SANJAY 200660047 200960

12. JADHAV RAHUL DAULAT 2000660048 200961

Comments / Suggestions about work:

_________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Signature of Teacher :

Name and Designation :

Of the Teacher

Micro-Project Report
 Introduction:-
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These
harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can
also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants
damage the quality of air, water, and land.
Many things that are useful to people produce pollution. Cars spew pollutants from
their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air. Industries and homes
generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water. Pesticides—chemical poisons
used to kill weeds and insects—seep into waterways and harm wildlife.

 A list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for

pollution

 The six natural resources which are responsible for pollution

1) Water
2) Oil
3) Natural gas
4) Phosphorus
5) Coal
 Rare earth elements

 Water:-
What is Water Pollution?

The water they say is life, and indeed they were right. About 70% of the earth is
water, which has undeniably become one of our greatest resources. When we were young, we
learned about the various ways to conserve water because water is used in almost every important
human chores and processes. Water is an essential element in both domestic as well as industrial
purposes.
A closer inspection of our water resources today gives us a terrible shock. Water is now
infested with various wastes ranging from floating plastic bags to chemical waste, converting our
water bodies into a pool of poison.

Water Pollution:-

1) Industrial Waste.
2) Sewage and Wastewater.
3) Mining Activities.
4) Marine Dumping.
 5) Accidental Oil Leakage.
6) The burning of fossil fuels.
7) Chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
8) Leakage from Sewer Lines.

 Oil:-
What is oil Pollution?

Oil pollution can be caused by any spillage of crude oil or its refined products.
However, the largest and most damaging pollution events usually involve spills of
petroleum or heavy bunker fuel from disabled tankers or drill platforms at sea, from
barges or ships on major inland waterways, or from blowouts of wells or broken pipelines
on land.

 Oil Pollution
1) Oil spill
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment,
especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is
usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills
may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore
platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as
gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or
the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil.
Oil spills penetrate into the structure of the plumage of birds and the fur of mammals,
reducing its insulating ability, and making them more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and
much less buoyant in the water. Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends
upon many factors, including the type of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting
evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved.[1] Spills may
take weeks, months or even years to clean up.[2]

Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society; economically, environmentally,
and socially. As a result, oil spill accidents have initiated intense media attention and political
uproar, bringing many together in a political struggle concerning government response to oil
spills and what actions can best prevent them from happening.

 Natural gas:-

What is Natural gas Pollution?

Cleaner burning than other fossil fuels, the combustion of natural gas produces
negligible amounts of sulfur, mercury, and particulates. Burning natural gas does produce
 nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are precursors to smog, but at lower levels than gasoline and diesel
used for motor vehicles.
Compared to coal, natural gas causes less damage to the environment. It is made
up of methane and results in less carbon emissions, it also burns cleaner without leaving any
residue. Additionally, natural gas has close to zero emissions of particulate matter, which is one
of the most hazardous pollutants in the air.

 Natural gas Pollution

Natural gas is a fossil fuel, though the global warming emissions from its
combustion are much lower than those from coal or oil.
Natural gas emits 50 to 60 percent less carbon dioxide (CO2) when combusted in a
new, efficient natural gas power plant compared with emissions from a typical new coal plant [1].
Considering only tailpipe emissions, natural gas also emits 15 to 20 percent less heat-trapping
gases than gasoline when burned in today’s typical vehicle

 Phosphorus:-
What is Phosphorus Pollution?
Phosphorus pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and manure,
particularly when compounded by soil erosion. Phosphorus is also discharged by municipal
sewage treatment plants and some industries.

 Coal:-
 Coal is an abundant fuel source that is relatively inexpensive to produce and convert to
useful energy. However, producing and using coal affects the environment.
Effects of coal mining.

 Effects of coal mining

Surface mines (sometimes called strip mines) were the source of about 64% of the coal
mined in the United States in 2020. These mining operations remove the soil and rock above coal
deposits, or seams. The largest surface mines in the United States are in Wyoming's Powder River
Basin, where coal deposits are close to the surface and are up to 70 feet thick.
Mountaintop removal and valley fill mining has affected large areas of the Appalachian
Mountains in West Virginia and Kentucky. In this form of coal extraction, the tops of mountains
are removed using explosives. This technique changes the landscape, and streams are sometimes
covered with rock and dirt. The water draining from these filled valleys may contain pollutants
that can harm aquatic wildlife downstream. Although mountaintop mining has existed since the
1970s, its use became more widespread and controversial beginning in the 1990s.
U.S. laws require that dust and water runoff from areas affected by coal mining
operations must be controlled, and the area must be reclaimed close to its original condition.

 Rare earth elements:-

A half century of rare earths mining and processing has “severely damaged
surface vegetation, caused soil erosion, pollution, and acidification, and reduced or even
eliminated food crop output,” the council reported, adding that Chinese rare earths plants
typically produce wastewater with a “high concentration”
Boom in Mining Rare Earths Poses Mounting Toxic Risks
In November, the first shipment of raw “rare earth” minerals arrived at an $800 million
processing plant on Malaysia’s east coast near the home of Tan Bun Teet. The plant, run by
Australia’s Lines Corporation, has since begun refining the rare earth metals, essential
components in wind turbines, hybrid cars, smart phones, cruise missiles, and other high-tech
products. Once fully operational, the plant would become the world’s largest processing facility
of rare earths, breaking China’s near-monopoly on producing the prized elements.
But Tan and others in the region are concerned that the Lynas Advanced
Materials Plant, known as LAMP, will be plagued by the severe environmental problems that
have been the hallmark of rare earths processing plants in China and, more than two decades ago,
in Malaysia itself. The plant lies in an industrial zone atop reclaimed swampland, just 12 miles
from Kuantan, a city of 600,000. The chief worry is that the rare earth elements are bound up in
mineral deposits with the low-level radioactive element thorium, exposure to which has been
linked to an increased risk of developing lung, pancreatic, and other cancers.