AWARENESS PROGRAM

ON

WELL SERVICES
 WELL SERVICES
WORKOVER SERVICES

WELL STIMULATION SERVICES

WELL COMPLETION & TESTING

SUPPORT GROUP
FIELD MAINTENANCE , HSE , PROCUREMENT , CONTRACT etc
WORKOVER
SERVICES
WORK OVER
OPERATIONS

Work over is any operation performed on a well to

restore/increase its production or abandonment.
 CAUSES OF PRODUCTION DECREASE

The productivity of the well decrease due to:

A) Well bore and reservoir problems :
(i) Reservoir problems:
- Low permeability
- Low reservoir pressure
- Small productive pay zone thickness

(ii) Fluid problems :

- Improper and no compatible injection fluids
- Water conning / preferential mobility / thief
zone/permeability strips
- Gas coning
- Formation of precipitate / scale
- Heavy viscous formation fluid
 CAUSES OF PRODUCTION DECREASE

(iii) Around well bore problems :

- Accumulation of formation fines
- Emulsion blocks
- Water blocks
- Poor perforation
- Loose formations and Sand production

B) Mechanical Problems :
(i) Casing or well head failures :
- Failure of sealing elements of well head
- Casing leakage / Damage
- Bad casing Profile
- Tubing leaks
 CAUSES OF PRODUCTION DECREASE
(C) Perforation problems :
- In sufficient perforation
- Plugging of perforation
- No communication from well to reservoir
(D) Production of sand, paraffin and scale deposition in flow
and / or well bore
(E) Failure of completion or A/L equipment
(F) Bad cementation and channeling behind casing
Production of water , gas or undesirable
materials from other zones
(G) Loss of hydrocarbon of present layer to other layer
(H) Loss of injection fluid
 WHEN WORK OVER IS REQUIRED ?

 Completing for Production from a New Reservoir

 Completing a Well in More Than One Reservoir
 Reworking a Producing Reservoir to Control Water,
Sand and Gas Production
 Stimulating a completion in a producing reservoir
 Mechanical failure repair
 Cement repair
 Release a Stuck up string
CHECKS BEFORE WORKOVER RIG DEPLOYMENT
 The history and test data analysed and the problem fully identified
 The confirmatory investigation for the problem is complete
 The unit / rig necessary for the operation has been identified
 For Onland, the rig foundation is available at site.
 Necessary tubular / connections including completion and artificial
lift equipment are available
 The completion /WO fluid has been identified and necessary
chemical have been available
 Safety and environmental protection steps are taken care-of
 OVERVIEW OF WORKOVER OPERATIONS

RIG
TRANSPORTATION
& RIG BUILDING
MAJOR OPERATIONS : WORK-OVER
Rig TPT and Rig Building.
SUBDUING OF
OPERATIONS
PWOC before rig operation. WELL
• Cementing/Bridge Plug
Setting
Subduing of Well.
• Logging.
Operation and Activation of Well OPERATION & ACTIVATION • Water Shut Off
AS PER • Artificial Lift (SRP/PCP/G/L)
as per Work Over Plan. WORK OVER PLAN Installation & Repairing
Final Completion of Well. • Fishing Job
• Well Stimulation jobs like
Rig release &rig dismantling GP,CTU,ACID,HOC,N2 &HF
FINAL job
Rig TPT to next location. COMPLETION OF • Abandoning of Well.
WELL • Well Testing after drilling job.
• Activation job.

RIG RELEASE
POST WORKOVER
&
SITE CLEANING
RIG DISMANTLING
 COMMON WORK OVER OPERATIONS
Killing of well:
Balancing of formation pressure by hydrostatic pressure of killing
fluid is called subduing or killing of well.
 In most of the times workover operation is done in overbalance
situation (in excess of 5-10%)
 Working fluid of desired density is pumped into the formation by
forward (tubing to casing) or reverse circulation (casing to tubing) or
bullheading
 based on well type, well completion configuration, formation
pressure, formation fluid etc, the killing fluid and killing procedure is
designed.
Density(ppg) of W/O fluid = Formation Pressure (psi) / (TVD in ft.) X 0.052
EFFECT OF STRING MOVEMENT(TRIPPING) IN WELL

Surging effect :
 When a pipe is tripping in a well faster, a piston effect is exerted by
the pipe pressurizing the well bore fluid ahead of pipe. This
increases the well bore pressure.
Swabbing effect :
 While pulling out a pipe in well, swab force is dominant. Swabbing is
caused by the inability of the circulating fluid to fall past the work
string as fast as the string can be pulled.
 Swabbing create a suction effect near well bore and thus induce flow
of formation fluid into well bore even if well is full of correct fluid
weight.
COMMON WORK OVER OPERATIONS
Control Water and Gas Production
 Water and gas prod. from a oil reservoir is not desirable
Water/Gas production
◦ Corrosion of well equipment
◦ Water disposal may become major problem
◦ To much water production may carry sand from the
formation.
 May erode well head and production equipment
 Plugging of tubing.
Remedial action
 Completing the well in upper zone (water coning)
 Completing the well in lower zone (gas coning)
COMMON WORK OVER OPERATIONS
Squeeze Cementing
• To seal undesired perforations
• To plug primary cement channels to exclude water or
gas from the oil zone
• To repair corroded and damaged casing
 SQUEEZE CEMENTING
CEMENTING TECHNIQUES:
1. H P Technique 2. L P Technique
(1) H P Technique :
 Fracturing the formation and pumping cement slurry into the fracture until a
particular pressure is reached and hold without bleed off
 Have many inherent disadvantages – high fluid loss etc
(2) L P Technique :
 Involves spotting cement over the perforated intervals and applying a
pressure, sufficient enough to form a filter cake of dehydrated cement in the
perforations/channels that may be open to perforations
 Not desired to hydraulically fracture the formation
 Cement particle, size – 20 – 75 microns, too large to enter normal
perforation pores and thus make cake
Circulation squeeze :
This is done where log study dictates that there is no cement
in the annulus through a particular interval or zone above the
top of the original primary cement
- A cement retainer is set between the perforations, clean fluid is
circulated to remove gelled mud.
- Cement slurry is circulated behind casing with returns through the
top perforation, and then low press squeeze of slurry
Block cementation :
- one or two perforations are placed above and below a prospective
producing zone.
- Squeeze jobs are then performed through each set of perforations
 Water /Gas Shut Off Squeeze
 For elimination of water intrusion or reduction of gas oil ratio
squeeze cementing is carried out to seal all the perforations and
then re-perforate a selected interval.

 All procedures that of low pressure squeeze cementing are to be

followed for placement of cement slurry against the perforated
interval.

 In case of good injectivity, squeeze calculated volume of slurry

into the perforations leaving a cement plug inside the casing.
Squeezing to be done by hesitation method, so that final squeeze
pressure is achieved.

 In case of no injectivity, squeeze cement slurry at the maximum

permissible squeezing pressure and close the well under
squeeze pressure for 4 hours.
 PLUG CEMENTING
 A cement plug of a specified length when placed across a
selected interval in a cased hole is called “Plug Cementing”.

Application :
◦ To stop loss circulation during drilling.
◦ Directional drilling and side tracking
◦ To plug back a depleted zone.
◦ Well abandonment
◦ To provide anchor for open hole test tool.
WELL STIMULATION
SERVICES
Well Stimulation
Operations

• Coiled Tubing Operations

• Hydraulic Fracturing Job

• Matrix Acidisation Job

• Nitrogen Job
Why Well Stimulation ?

Stimulation plays vital role in enhancing and sustaining the

hydrocarbon production in well life cycle

• To bypass near-well bore damage and return a well to its

“natural” productivity / injectivity

• To extend a conductive path deep into a formation and thus

increase productivity / injectivity beyond the natural level

• To produce hydrocarbon from tight formation.

 Coiled Tubing Operation

Why Coil Tubing?

• Need to work on a live well
• Insert a conduit to wellbore
• Circulate while RIH & POOH
• Less cumbersome and fast operation
Coiled Tubing Unit

Advantages of CT intervention :

• Safe and efficient live well operation.

• Rapid mobilization and rig up.
• Ability to circulate while RIH / POOH.
• Reduced trip time – low production downtime.
• Much lesser footprint. Coiled Tubing Injector
Head
• Low manpower & costs
 Operations which can be carried out with the help of CTU :

• Well bore sand fill cleanout

• Matrix acidization
• Wellbore cleanout by foam
• De-waxing
• Well subduing
• Activation by N2
 Hydraulic Fracturing

Effect:
• Mostly utilized in Sandstone reservoir
• Fracture of large length and high conductivity can be
generated
• Can be used to increase the productivity/ injectivity of low
permeable or tight reservoir also
 Pumps Blender Process of Hydraulic
Fracturing

Pad fluid • Creation of highly conductive path in

the reservoir
Sand slurry Well • Fracture connects far reservoir with
wellbore
Displacing fluid • Allows untapped hydrocarbon to
flow into the well
50-1000ft Propped Frac
Shale
Reservoir
Shale
Frac Equipment

• Blender
• Pumpers
• Chemical injection
• Tanks
• Monitoring devices
• Miscellaneous
 Hydraulic Fracturing
Monitoring devices :

• Rates
• Pressures
• Density (sand concentrations)
• Liquid additive rates
• Actual bottom hole pressure (static or gauge)
 HFJOB
OPERATION LAYOUT
 What is Acidization ?
 Matrix stimulation by acidization is accomplished by injecting
chemicals to dissolve and/or disperse materials near the
wellbore that impair well production in sandstones

or

 To create new, unimpaired flow channels between the wellbore

and a carbonate formation
Mechanism of Matrix Acid job

• To inject acid into formation at a pressure less than the pressure at

which fracture can be opened
• To dissolve the clays, mud solids near the wellbore which had choked
the pores
• To enlarge the pore spaces
• To leave the sand and remaining fines in a water-wet condition
 Acid pumper Process of Acidization

Acid Remove near wellbore

damage by injecting acid /
Well
Displacing reacting fluid into the
fluid formation below fracturing
pressure
1- 4ft
Shale
Reservoir
Shale
Matrix Acidization

Effect:
• Acid is pumped below fracturing pressure of formation /
rock
• Used in both sandstone and carbonate reservoir
• Used for near wellbore damage removal ( 1- 4 ft.)
• Limited acid penetration
• In carbonate reservoir only HCl is used
 Matrix Acidization

• Acid Compositions (Sandstone):

• Mud Acid ( 5-15 % HCl + 1-3 % HF)
• Organic HF ( 10% Acetic acid + 2 % HF )
• Fluoboric acid ( HBF4 )
• Alcoholic mud acid ( Mud acid + Methanol 50%)
• Self generating mud acid
 Matrix Acidization

Job execution procedure:

• Injectivity test before job to estimate the extent of damage

• Recording of the pressure and measurement of “Skin”
• Pumping of acid stages
• Measurement of pressure and flow rate
• Injectivity test after job to estimate the extent of damage
removal
• Recording of the pressure and measurement of “Skin”
Nitrogen Services

Liquid Nitrogen Unit ( with cryovessel)

Introduction to Nitrogen
• Nitrogen or N2, is the main component of the air. It constitutes 75% of air by
weight or 79% by volume
• Nitrogen is found in nature only as a gas
• N2 has established uses in fertilizer , electronics , oil , steel & refrigeration
industries

PROPERTIES
• Colorless, Odorless, tasteless, inert, non-corrosive and non-toxic

• Neither supports combustion, nor respiration

• 1 m3 of liquid nitrogen : 694.43 m3 of gaseous nitrogen ( at 15oC and at 1

atm.)
 Safety (w.r.t N2 Jobs)

• N2 leakage can temporarily create an oxygen deficient

atmosphere leading to unconsciousness and even death

• Contact with liquid N2 can cause serious cold burns

• Proper PPE with hand gloves and eye protection must be used

• Work area must be kept well ventilated

• All the lines carrying N2 must be properly anchored.

 Nitrogen Applications In Oil Industry

• Displacement (Well Activation)

• Nitrified fluids - Acidization

• Pressure testing

• Pipeline Purging

• Foam clean out

• Nitrogen pressure to set hydraulic packers

WELL COMPLETION
&
TESTING
 WELL
COMPLETION
 WELL COMPLETION

 Completion is a technique where equipments

are selected & installed in a well to get
optimal production safely for entire foreseable
producing life of a oil or gas well
 WELL COMPLETION
Completion design is a function of numerous reservoir
characteristics, such as :

1. General Reservoir Characteristics:

Depth, Temperature, Pressure, Drive Mechanism

2. Geological Characteristics:
Structure and seal

3. Engineering:
Well spacing, Well bore integrity

4. Rock fluid properties :

Porosity, Permeability
 TYPES OF COMPLETION

Interface betn. No. of Zones

Mode of Prodn. Compltd.
Wellbore & Res

Vertical/Deviated Horizontal

Open Hole Open Hole

Slotted liner
Slotted liner
Ext. gravel pack Uncemented
Uncemented gravel pack
liner liner
Pre packed screen Pre packed

Perforated liner Wire wrapped screen Ext. casing pkr

Conventional
Cemented
Perforated casing casing/liner
Int. gravel pack
 TYPES OF
COMPLETION

Interface betn. No. of Zones

Mode of Prodn. Compltd.
Wellbore & Res

Flowing Artificial Lift

Single Zone Multi-Zone

ESP
Conventional Standard Dual –single
string
Plunger Interval
Tubing less Dual-twin
Comingled string
G/L
Interval
Corrosive-high pr
segregation
SRP
Multi-string
High rate liner
Concentric
 RESERVOIR CONSIDERATIONS OF
WELL COMPLETION
The two most important characteristics that affect the
well completion are Drive Mechanisms of reservoir and
Reservoir Homogeneity & Heterogeneity .
Drive Mechanisms of reservoir:
1. Solution gas drive.
2. Water drive.
3. Gas cap expansion drive.
4. Gravity drainage.
5. Combination or Mixed drive.
 EXAMPLE : CONVENTIONAL COMPLETION
• Casing is set, cemented
through the pay zone and then
perforated.
• A packer is set above the 13 ¾” casing
producing zone in the string

Advantages 9 5/8” Casing

•The tubing controls the internal
corrosion of the casing 5 ½” casing

Disadvantages
•Casing restricts the flow of Packer
produced fluid.
•The completion is more
Producing
expensive because of the cost of Perforations
Reservoir
packer, tubing and auxiliary
equipment.
METHODS OF ACTIVATION
OF
OIL AND GAS WELLS
A BACKGROUND
 PETROLEUM

 WELLS
◦ OIL WELLS
◦ GAS WELLS

 PETROLEUM RESERVOIR
PETROLEUM RESERVOIR
METHODS OF WELL ACTIVATION

1. By changing specific gravity of well fluid to create

draw down like mud to water or diesel.
2. By using surfactant or foam
3. Applying air through compressor
4. Applying liquid nitrogen to reduce head against
formation pressure
 AIR COMPRESSOR APPLICATION

 Apply air through compressor to displace

or brine or water from the well
• Basic principle is to reduce hydrostatic head inside
the well
SURFACTANT/FOAM JOB

 Surfactants are compounds that lower the

surface tension between two liquids
• Requires simultaneous application of air
compressor for foam job
N2 APPLICATION
 N2 is an optimal choice to displace well fluids in order
to initiate flow and clean wells because of its low
density and high pressure characteristics.

 N2 application can be done up to a pressure of 10000

psi.
OIL RECOVERY
PRIMARY OIL RECOVERY

 Natural Reservoir
driver
 Artificial lift
 5-10% of the well’s
potential is recovered
SECONDARY OIL RECOVERY

 Injection of gas or water

 25-30% of the well’s
potential is recovered
 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
1. THERMAL RECOVERY
◦ Heating the oil to reduce its viscosity and allowing
easier flow to the surface
2. GAS INJECTION
◦ Either natural gas, nitrogen or CO2 are injected in
to the reservoir to mix with oil
3. CHEMICAL INJECTION
◦ Freeing trapped oil in the well by lowering
Surface Tension
WATER INJECTION AND FLOODING
 Water flooding or water injection is where water is
injected into the oil field usually to
increase pressure and thereby stimulate production
 Increases the production from the reservoir
 Sources of water:
◦ Produced water
◦ Sea water
◦ Tube well water
◦ River water
 Filtration and De-oxygenation
 GAS INJECTION
 Immiscible gas is injected to maintain
formation gas pressure
 Natural gas, nitrogen, flue gas from heater can
be used
 Gas expands to force additional oil to surface
 Requires the use of gas compressors
WATER / GAS INJECTION
THERMAL RECOVERY
CHEMICAL INJECTION
 SUPPORT SERVICES
FIELD MAINTENANCE , HSE , PROCUREMENT ,
CONTRACT etc
HEALTH
 What is Health ?

 A state of complete physical, mental &

social well being and not merely an
absence of disease or infirmity
SAFETY

 Safety is the condition to which risks are

managed to acceptable levels.

 Relative freedom from danger, risks, or threat

of harm, injury, or loss to personnel and/or
property, whether caused deliberately or by
accident.
ENVIRONMENT
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?

 Environment can be defined in many ways,

but in brief & very simple way :
Environment is all that we live in and
live by, that includes air, water, earth,
flora, fauna, all living & non-living
things .
❑ APEX BODY CORPORATE HSE

❑ CORE REGIONAL HSE

❑ LINE MGMT. Asset HSE &

FIELD SAFETY GROUP

( WS , DS , ST etc.)
Duties and Functions
(Corporate & Regional Level)

❖ Policy Formulation.
❖ Monitor implementation.
❖ Communication with field officers regarding safety.
❖ Recommend code of practice for safe operation.
❖ Inspection Formats for field operation.
❖ Feedback from field and modification of policy and
safety procedures.
❖ Liaison with Central Govt Ministries.
 Duties and Functions
(Asset Level)
➢ Asset HSE Acts as a coordinator & liaises with
GPCB/DGMS/OISD & other third parties.
➢ Implementation of HSE Policy
➢ Make all statutory inspections & Maintain
records.

Cont..
 Duties and Functions
(Asset Level)
➢ Coordinating Training like First Aid, Fire Fighting
etc.
➢ Enquire into all Fatal, Serious & other accidents
and analyze for corrective measures.
➢ Up gradation of DMP & contingency plan.
➢ Observation of National Safety Day and
Environment day.
 MINES STRUCTURE

MINES MINES MINES

OWNER AGENT MANAGER
• DIRECTOR ( • ASSET • HEAD WELL
ONSHORE) MANAGER SERVICES
 MINES STRUCTURE

MINES MANAGER INSTALLATION

• MINES SAFETY MANAGER (DIC)
OFFICER • INSTALLATION
SAFETY OFFICER
• MINES FIRE
OFFICER
 MANAGEMENT’S ROLE
(Moral & Legal )
 To Provide a safe place of work.
 Safe Plant & equipment including its maintenance
 Safe Systems of Work.
 Safe working environment- Lighting, ventilation, seating,
drinking water, transportation to site.
 Safe methods of storing and transportation of goods.
 Consultation with employees : Safety Committee meetings
 Safety Policy.
 Contingency Plan.
 Disaster Management Plan.
 Safety Awareness.

• Mines Organisation, Mines Act 1952, Mines Rules 1955, OMR 1984.
• Duties and Responsibilities of competent persons.
• Knowledge of hazardous zone at drill sites.
• Use of electrical/ electronic equipment, appliances and fittings in hazardous areas
• Records to maintained as per Mines Act / OMR-84
• Safety Culture
• Work Permits & Lockout/ Tagout Permits
• Chemical Handling & Hazards
• Fire Safety
• CEA-2010 & Electrical Safety.
• Confined Space
• Vessel under pressure
• Logistics
• Process
• Accident Investigation
 Two Aspects of safety
◦ Human Safety
◦ Equipment Safety
 Tools to achieve safety
◦ Follow the SOP
◦ Effective communication regarding safety matters
◦ Be aware of hazards and risks involved in job
◦ Use of proper PPE
◦ Don’t be over smart/ over confident
◦ Don’t use shortcut
 Oil Mine Regulation-1984
 Oil exploration & exploitation comes
under “Oil Mine Regulation-1984”

 OMR-1984 has 10 Chapters

 Mine
 Mine means any excavation where any operation
for the searching or obtaining minerals has been
and is being carried on and includes :
i) All oil wells and accessories, crude conditioning
plants and pipelines.
ii) All workshops and stores situated within the
precincts of a mine and under the same
management and used Primarily for the
purposes connected with the mine.
 Accident
An unplanned event which may or may
not result in injury or damage.
It is clear from the definition that it is not essential
for injury to have been sustained or for damage to
have occurred for the accident to have happened.
Bird’s ‘Accident ratio triangle’

 As severity increases, frequency

decreases
1
Major  Loss control potential in non-injury
incidents and near-miss
10  630 Free learning opportunities
Minor Injury  Same root causes
30  The triangle can be extended
Property Damage downwards to include unsafe
Hi-Potential Incidents behaviours
 This presents opportunities to
600
Near-miss / Hazards
modify unsafe behaviour from
/ First Aid unsafe to safe
 By reducing unsafe behaviour, it is
possible to reduce injuries in the
UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR upper part of the accident triangle
(Extended to include unsafe behaviour)
 Oil Mine Regulation-1984
Fatalaccident:
◦ An accident causing loss of life immediately or subsequent death of a
person.
Serious accident: Any injury involving:
◦ Permanent loss or use of any part or section of body
◦ Permanent loss of sight or hearing
◦ Permanent physical incapacity
◦ Fracture of any bone / joint /phalanges of hand or foot.
Minor accident:
◦ Accident which do not fall in the category of serious or fatal
accidents and are usually severe in nature. (Such accident involves
the enforced absence of person from work for a period of 72 hrs. or
more.)

◦ Near-Miss by definition is an accident and should be regarded as a warning that a

problem exists and that some positive action is required
 COST OF ACCIDENT-TO VICTIM
Human Aspects
 Mental strain
 Suffering
 Loss of earnings
 Extra Expenditure
 Possibility of a continuing disability
 Loss of Leisure activities
 Effect on Family, Friends and colleagues.
COST OF ACCIDENT-TO COMPANY
Financial Aspects

 Loss of skilled and experienced workers.

 Loss of Production.
 Loss of Profit from injured workers.
 Time lost by the effect on other workers
 Increased insurance Premiums.
 The expense / burden on medical
services.
 Adverse effect on company image
 Cost of Accident
 The cost of Accidents remains unacceptably
high both in human and in financial terms.
 Injury and sickness absences from work
cause more time to be lost than through
strikes or other industrial disputes.
 NOTICE OF ACCIDENT

Mine Accident to be informed by Owner / Agent / Manager

i) Causing loss of life or serious bodily injury in connection of Mining operations.
ii) Explosion or ignition.
iii) A blowout.
iv) Outbreak of Fire
v) Bursting of pipeline or equipment containing petroleum, steam or compressed air.
vi) A major uncontrolled emission of petroleum.
vii) Breakage or fracture of any essential part of Draw-works, Casing Line, derrick.
viii) Influx of noxious gas.
ix) Explosives
x) Generation, Storage, transformation, transmission of Electrical Energy.
xi) Serious Accidents
xii) If death results from serious injury
MAJOR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
 Fall from height/Slippage
 Improper house keeping
 Improper approach
 Using improper & fault lifting tools & tackles
 Failures of strings, hooks, pins, lifting device
 Improper/inadequate procedures
 Leakage/spillage of hydrocarbons/hazardous chemicals
 Ignition due to hot surfaces/improper insulation
 Non-compliance of laid down safety guidelines procedures
 Applying short cut while carrying out assigned jobs
 Fault equipment & design
 Bypassing of safety tips & logics
 Electrical short circuits
 Excessive vibration and inadequate support for equipment
 Over loading the system beyond design limits
 Non compliance of work permit system
 Inadequate display of caution boards
 Inadequate knowledge & usage of personal protective equipments
 Inadequate display of caution boards
 Inadequate knowledge & usage of personal protective equipments
MAJOR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
 Excessive hours of work leading to fatigue
 Inadequate lighting at work place
 Improper joints
 Usage of improper material like gasket bolts/studs/screws
 Uncontrolled growth of grass/shrubs inside
 Non adherence to emergency handling procedures
 Lack of job knowledge
 Over confidence
 Sleeping on duty
 Spark from engine exhaust
 Movement of vehicle inside the operating areas without spark arrestors
 Over speeding of valves
 Non employing proper trained personnel
 Improper welding & welding cables
 Unused/redundant equipment, pipeline
 Modification carried out without risk analysis/HAZOP studies
 No guard on moving parts of plant & machinery
 Hand railing not provided
 Toe board not proper
 Absent minder driver
 Loose connections
 Hazardous Zone Classification

 Zone 0 → An Area in which the hazardous

atmosphere is continuously present. (This
zone has now been abolished)
 Zone 1 → An Area in which hazardous
atmosphere is likely to occur under normal
operating conditions.
 Zone 2 → An Area in which an Hazardous
atmosphere is unlikely to occur under
abnormal operating conditions or even if it
occurs, it does not last long.
 Use PPEs for :
 HEAD PROTECTION
 FOOT PROTECTION
 HAND PROTECTION
 EYE PROTECTION
 EAR PROTECTION
 OUTER CLOTHING
 SAFETY BELT (Preventing fall)
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE
DEVICE
Hot work / Vessel Entry Permit
 OISD-105 (Ver.2004)
Annexure-II
WORK PERMIT
for
HOT WORK / ENTRY TO CONFINED SPACE
 Sl.No.____
 Work clearance from____hrs of date____To____hrs of date ____
(Valid for the shift unless renewed)
 Issued to (Department / Section / Contractor) Exact Location of
work (Area / Unit / Equipment no. etc)
 Description of work
_________________________________________________
_
 Hot work / Vessel Entry Permit
Sr Item Done Not Sr Item Done Not
no Reqd no Reqd
A General points B For Hot work / Entry to confined Space

1 Equipment / Work Area inspected 1 Proper ventilation and Lighting providing

2 Surrounding area checked, cleaned and 2 Proper means of exit / escape provided
covered
3 Sewers, manholes, CBD etc and hot surfaces 3 Standby personnel provided from Process /
nearby covered Maint / Contractor / Fire / Safety dept.
4 Considered hazard from other operations and 4 Checked for oil and Gas trapped behind the
concerned persons alerted. lining in Equipment
5 Equipment blinded/disconnected / closed / 5* Shield provided against spark
isolated / wedge opened
6 Equipment properly drained and depressurized 6* Portable equipment / nozzles properly
grounded
7 Equipment properly steamed / purged 7* Standby persons provided for entry to confined
space
8 Equipment water flushed

9 Iron sulfide removed / kept wet C For Vehicle Entry

10 Equipment electrically isolated and tagged 1* Spark Arrestor on the mobile equipment /
vide permit no. vehicle provided.
11 Gas test : HCs = %LEL
Toxic gas = ppm, O2 = %
12 Running water hose / Fire extinguisher D For Excavation works
* provided. Fire water system available.
13 Area cordoned off and Precautionary tags / 1 Clearance obtained for excavation / road
* Boards provided. cutting / Dyke cutting from concerned depart.
Hot work / Vessel Entry Permit
REMARKS:
The activity has the following expected residual
hazards (Tick the relevant items): Lack of Oxygen /
H2S, Toxic Gases / Combustible gases / Pyrophoric Iron
/ Corrosive Chemicals / Steam – Condensate / Others
Following PPEs to be used in addition to standards
PPEs (Helmet, Safety Shoes, Hand gloves, Boiler suit):
Face Shield / Apron / Goggles / Dust Respirator / Fresh
Air Mask / Lifeline / Safety Belt / Airline / Earmuff etc.
Additional precautions if any:__________________
Hot work / Vessel Entry Permit
Clearance renewal
Time Gas Test Values Additional precautions Issuer's Name, Receiver Name,
Date for HC's, Toxic, O2 if any, Otherwise Designation & Designation and
From To etc mention “NIL” Signature Signature

Closing of the work permit:

Receiver: Certified that the subject work has been Issuer: Verified that the job has been completed and area
completed / stopped and area cleaned. cleaned and is safe from any hazard.

Date & Time Name & Designation Signature Date & Time Name & Designation Signature
 Hot work / Vessel Entry Permit
 General Instructions:
 The work permit shall be filled up carefully and accurately in clear handwriting ensuring that complete
information is provided in all sections / subsections and none of column is left blank. Sketches should be
provided wherever possible to avoid miscommunication.
 Appropriate safe guards and required personnel protective equipment shall be determined by a careful
analysis of the potential hazards and the operations to be performed prior to starting the work.
 In case of fire alarm / siren, all work must immediately be stopped.
 Only certified vehicle / engines and permitted type of electrical equipment and tools are allowed in operating
areas.
 Welding machines should be located in non-hazardous and ventilated areas.
 No hot work should be permitted unless the explosive meter reading is Zero.
 When a person is entering confined space, the receiver must keep minimum two standby-designated
persons at the manhole or entry point.
 Before box up of any vessel manhole cover, ensure that no men / materials are inside the vessel.
 For renewal of work clearance, the issuer shall ensure that the conditions are satisfactory for the work to
continue. If the conditions have changed, it may be necessary to issue a new permit or amend the existing
permit.
 This clearance on the same permit can be renewed / extended upto a maximum of seven calendar days.
 This permit must be available at work site at all times.
 On completion of the work, the permit must be closed and kept as record.
 13. The industry may add other relevant instructions based on their operating and maintenance practices.
 Avoid Noise Pollution.
 EAR PROTECTION:
 In any area where the noise is higher than
permissible level, persons should use suitable type
of ear protection devices.
 Damage due to noise exposure depends on length
of exposure and the loudness.
< 80 dBA - OK
> 115 dBA - Not permitted without ear protection.
> 140 dBA - Not permitted to enter
Sound Press dBA 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115
Exposure in Hrs 32 16 8 4 2 1 ½ ¼

Use of eye Reduction in noise Protection up to (dBA)

Protection device intensity (dBA)
Ear plug 30 120
Ear plug 45 135
 Accident Enquiry

 Many accident investigations seek to blame the

worker.
 The primary function of Accident Enquiry is to
determine causes and to prevent recurrences.
 Examine the Accident’s background fully to
determine why unsafe conditions were created
or unsafe acts performed.
 Factors emerging during Accident
Enquiry
 SELECTION: For specific task, the procedure should
include educational, medical fitness and practical ability

 SYSTEMS: System of works to ensure safe working like

Permit to work, Safe Work practices.

 TRAINING: to ensure adequate knowledge of company

rules, hazards, safe working techniques and documentation
systems.

 SUPERVISION : by properly trained and qualified persons.

PLANNED ACCIDENT PREVENTION

 Posters – Planned Campaigns

 Personal Reminders of working Practices & Hazards.
 Safety stickers displayed on identified Hazards.
 Briefing to casual Workers on hazards
 Miscellaneous literature to provide information.
 Company newsletters
 Technical Advice, references (OISD Standards, Oil
Mines Regulations, safety alerts)
 Implementation of stricter work permit system
 Follow relevant OISD guidelines
 RISK ANALYSIS
 Risk Analysis is a systematic study, which
estimates the risk to the public health, plant
and environment.
 Risk analysis is mainly:
A) Hazard Identification
B) Hazard Assessment
C) Consequence Analysis
 ABBREVIATIONS
 PME→ Periodical Medical Examination
 PPE→ Personal Protective Equipment
 NSC→ National safety Council
 OMR-1984 → Oil Mine regulations-1984
 GPCB→ Gujarat Pollution Control Board
 MOEF→ Ministry of Environment & Forests
 DGMS→ Director General Mines safety
 OISD→ Oil Industries safety Directorate
 HAZOP→ Hazards & Operability Study
 ISRS→ International safety Rating Standards
 NEERI→ National Environment Evaluation Research Institute
 TERI→ The Environment Research Institute
 P &ID=PIPING & INSTRUMENT ATION DIAGRAM
 PFD→ Process Flow diagram
 IPSHEM→ Institute of Petroleum safety health and Environ. Mangt.
 RCP → Recommended code of practices
 DMP→ Disaster Management Plan
 MVT→ Mud Volume Totalizer
 MSDS→ Material safety Data Sheet
How to minimize hazard
 Effective Implementation of work permit system
 Effective person entry system
 Observing / lookout for available hazards
 Use flame-proof devices like Motors, fittings ,switches
suitable for the zone in which it is to be used.
 Provide and maintain effective flame /explosion proof
characteristics of the device specially after maintenance
 Arcing faults in explosion protected area must be
controlled.
Informed system of Visitor entry
(can be a better way of implementing safe practices)
Security guard should provide visitors a pass containing
following information and also ensure compliance
 This is a NOTIFIED AREA.
 Deposit match box & cigarette lighter. Smoking/ naked light is
STRICTLY prohibited.
 Switch off your Mobile phone.
 Photography prohibited.
 Report to Installation Manager FIRST.
 Use PPEs in operation area ( Helmet/Shoes/earmuffs)
 Don’t touch any equipment or panel.
 React promptly and report to Assembly point on ALARM call.
 Return this pass before leaving the premises.
 EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 POTENTIAL EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
&
RESPONSE PROCEDURE

IDENTIFIED SITE SPECIFIC EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AS

PER ERP ARE
OFFSITE DMP
✓ FIRE
(DISTRICT LEVEL)
✓ BLOWOUT

✓ ELECTRICAL SHOCK

✓ NATURAL CALAMITIES
ONSITE DMP( CDMP)
(CORPORATE LEVEL)

ONSITE DMP
(ASSET LEVEL)

ONSITE ERP
(INSTALLATION LEVEL)
 Response Procedure
Installation
Assemble Manager / Shift I/c
RAISE
EMERGENCY ALARM
at (SIC) will act as
ASSEMBLY
POINT ONSITE
COORDINATOR

EXECUTE
OFFSITE DMP Execute
Inform
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
CONTROL PLAN (ERP)
DISTRICT COLLECTOR as per Scenario
will act as ROOM
CHAIRMAN, DISTRICT DISASTER
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (DDMA)
IF
FAIL
CEC INFORM
REQUESTS CONCERNED
IF DISTRICT COLLECTOR PERSONS
FAIL TO EXECUTE ONSITE
OFFSITE DMP COORDINATOR
requests
ASSET MANAGER
ASSET MANAGER (THRO’UGH HEAD-
requests IF WELL SERVICES)
CORPORATE HSE FAIL ASSET MANAGER
to Execute
to Execute
will act as
CORPORATE DMP CHIEF EMERGENCY ONSITE DMP
EXECUTE CONTROLLER (CEC)
ONSITE DMP
HOW TO GET PREPARED FOR
EMERGENCY ?

MOCK DRILLS

ONSITE OFFSITE
 MOCK DRILLS

BOP Drill ( Pit & Trip Drill)

FIRE Drill

Medical evacuation Drill

( e.g Fall from Height , Snake Bite)

Electric shock Drill

 MEDICAL EVACUATION

S NO ACTIVITY TIME REMARKS

1 Shouted by (alarm raised by)
2 Rushed at the site of incident by
3 Check for pulse and breathing
4 First aid given and name of first aid trained person

5 Inform installation manager

6 Inform control room
7 Inform base doctor by installation manager

8 Inform lions hospital Centre of Emergency Phone no:

10 Victim with stretcher put in ambulance by

11 Ambulance started at site

12 Accompanied Patient to lions hospital Centre of
emergency
a) Issued IOD slip Yes/No
a) Informed at patient’s home Yes/No Mobile no:
13 Drill call off at
14 Deficiencies

15 Recommendations
 PIT DRILLS

SL Activities Time
01. Hrs.
Raised alarm at (Drill call given)

02. Hrs.
Stop drilling / other operation at

03. Hrs.
Positioned the tool joint for BOP ram closing at

04. Hrs.
Stopped mud pump at

05. Hrs.
Secured brake at

06. Hrs.
Designated crew moved to assigned
positions at
07. Hrs.
Checked for self-flow at

08. minutes
Response time
TRIP DRILLS
EMERGENCY - BLOWOUT
EMERGENCY - BLOWOUT
EMERGENCY - BLOWOUT
EMERGENCY - BLOWOUT
FIRE DRILL
PROCESS HAZARD & CONTROL
MEASURES
PROCESS HAZARD & CONTROL
MEASURES
EMERGENCY - FIRE
EMERGENCY - FIRE