Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Workover Operation
Course
Eng. Elsayed Amer
Petroleum Engineer
Worked for weatherford drilling international Married with twins Mai & Nada.
Page 4
About Workover
Welcome Introductions
“…any work performed after the initial completion that alters the well performance or
mechanical structure”
Page 5
01 Introduction
Workover
All jobs performed in a completed well any time during its productive
live to enhance well integrity and production rate.
Types of Operations
• Measurements
• Maintenances
• Workover
01
6
Workover Operation
Introduction
Workover Operations
01 Measurements
✓ May involve the status of equipment
✓ Quality of pay zones-borehole connections
✓ Status of reservoir and well equipments etc.
02 Maintenances
✓ Simple operations that can be done on a well during
production operations
03 Workover
01 Measurement Operations
At the Wellhead
➢ Pressure and temperatures, variation would mean modification in production conditions.
➢ Pressures or loss in pressures in the annulus to check integrity of packers, casing and
production strings.
➢ In artificial lift operations to monitor stress on rods, pumps or gas lift valves.
➢ Safety valve testing etc.
At the Tubing
➢ Calibrations and checks
➢ Corrosion or deposit problems etc.
At the Bottom hole
➢ Checking top of sediments
➢ Production logs –density, flow rate or temperature.
Page 13
02 Maintenance Operations
At the Wellhead
➢ Routine operations such as adjusting flow rates
➢ Opening and shutting in well.
➢ Replacing faulty parts downstream
➢ Periodic verification of safety valves etc.
At the Tubing
➢ Operations connected with problems of deposits, corrosions etc.
➢ Injection of inhibitors, chemicals, de-emulsifiers, anti foaming agents etc.
➢ Operations for exchange of equipments downhole etc.
At the Bottom hole
➢ Sand control, further perforations etc.
➢ Pumping chemicals etc.
Page 14
03 Workover Operations
At the Wellhead
➢ Leaks in lower master valves, tubing hanger.
➢ Problems with SSSV control lines etc.
➢ Damaged back pressure valves and other wellhead components.
At the Tubing
➢ Casing or tubing problems/leaks.
➢ Collapsed, burst or broken pipe.
➢ Tubing partially or totally plugged.
At the Bottom hole
➢ Leaks in equipments that has seals such as packers, locators, slip joints etc.
➢ Gas lift valves, fish, broken rod, pumping problems
➢ Miscellaneous faulty downhole equipment such as sensors, control lines etc.
Modification in production conditions
Restoration pay zone –bore hole conditions
Change well purpose
Fishing
MINOR WORKOVERS 15
C Formation Pressure
G Infectivity Pressure
500
400
300
BOPD
BOPD
200
100
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
WATER PRODUCTION HISTORY 20
500 1000
400 800
FTP
Flowing pressure
BOPD, BWPD
300 600
BOPD
200 400
100 200
BWPD
0 0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
Job preparation
Economic phases of field development
Page 23
23
unlimited
Page 24
Workover Rig
01
Page 27
01
Page 28
01
Reasons for Workover
and remedial actions
COMMON REASONS FOR A WORKOVER
Formation Problems
• high water cut (water shut off)
• Sand production (gravel pack )
• high gas oil ratio (gas shut off)
• viscous oil (chemical treatment)
• lower productivity (re - perf.+vacuum)
• formation damage (frac + acid)
COMMON REASONS FOR A WORKOVER
32
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
Oil Zone
Water
Cross Section
33
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
Oil Zone
Water Water
Cross Section
34
Water Coning
Oil zone
Cone
Water
Water Breakthrough
Low
permeability
High
permeability
Intermediate
permeability
Low
permeability
Water Communication
High pressure
water
sand
Casing leak
Low pressure
oil reservoir
38
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
Oil Rate
Water Rate
39
Solution Gas Drive in Oil Reservoirs
Typical Production Characteristics
0 0
Time, years
40
Water Drive in Oil Reservoirs
Effect of Production Rate on Pressure
Production data - lower oil production rate
Pressure, psia
2000
Reservoir pressure
1900
1800
1700
Water Cut, %
60
Water
40
Oil production,
20 20
MSTB/D
15 0
Oil
10
5
0
Time, years
41
Gas Cap Drive
Typical Production Characteristics
Pressure, psia
Production data
1300
Reservoir pressure
1200
1100
1000
900
Oil production rate,
2
MSTB/D
Oil
1
0
Time, years
42
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
• Remedial Actions
• Squeeze cementing
• plugging back and re-completion
• Straddle system
43
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
• Remedial Actions
• Straddle system
Perforation Shut Off
44
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
• Remedial Actions
• Squeeze cementing
45
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
• Remedial Actions
46
Potential Well Problems
1. Control of Water Production:
• Remedial Actions
• P&A
47
Potential Well Problems
2. Low Reservoir Pressure
• The reduction in reservoir pressure and hence flow rate is particularly acute
in dissolved gas drive reservoirs.
• In gas cap and water drive reservoirs, pressure maintenance techniques can
often offset the reduction in pressure due to depletion.
48
Potential Well Problems
2. Low Reservoir Pressure
• Remedial Actions
• Recomplete the well with either smaller tubing or some form of artificial lift.
• Injection
49
50
Potential Well Problems
2. Low Reservoir Pressure
• Remedial Actions
• Injection
51
Potential Well Problems
3. Poor permeability
• Fields with low reservoir permeability suffer a rapid decline once the fluids
near the wellbore are produced
• Remedial Actions
• Reservoir stimulation
1. Acidizing
2. Hydraulic frac
52
Potential Well Problems
3. Poor permeability
• Remedial Actions
• Matrix Acidizing
usually accomplished by
introducing a mild acid through the
perfs and into an existing
producing reservoir for the
purpose of dissolving acid soluble
solids and regaining or restoring
production. This can be done by a
coiled tubing unit, snubbing unit, or
small tubing unit.
53
Potential Well Problems
3. Poor permeability
• Remedial Actions
• Matrix Acidizing
usually accomplished by
introducing a mild acid through the
perfs and into an existing
producing reservoir for the
purpose of dissolving acid soluble
solids and regaining or restoring
production. This can be done by a
coiled tubing unit, snubbing unit, or
small tubing unit.
54
Potential Well Problems
3. Poor permeability
• Remedial Actions
• Hydraulic frac
55
Potential Well Problems
4. Wellbore Restrictions
• Typical causes of restrictions include scale, sand, paraffin and asphalt etc.
• Many of these problems may not be apparent during early field life but can
become a significant problem as the field matures.
• Remedial Actions
57
Potential Well Problems
4. Wellbore Restrictions
• Remedial Actions
58
Potential Well Problems
4. Wellbore Restrictions
• Remedial Actions
59
Potential Well Problems
4. Wellbore Restrictions
• Remedial Actions
60
Potential Well Problems
4. Wellbore Restrictions
• Remedial Actions
61
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
• Remedial Actions
62
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
63
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
✓ casing leaks
64
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
65
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
Scab Liners
66
Potential Well Problems
5. Mechanical failure
67
Potential Well Problems
6. Primary Cement Failures:
• Remedial Actions
• Squeeze cementing
• Scab liners
• Expandables
68
Potential Well Problems
6. Primary Cement Failures: packer
casing
Forces cement slurry, under pressure, through DEHYDRATED
CEMENT
perforations or holes in the casing or liner….. cement
slurry
cement PRIMARY
nodes CEMENT
CHANNEL BEHIND
CASING
69
Potential Well Problems
7. Sand Production:
• Remedial Actions
• Mechanical sand control
✓ Screens
✓ Gravel pack
✓ Frac pack
✓ Expandables
• Sand Management-
✓ reservoir pressure maintenance
70
Potential Well Problems
7. Sand Production:
71
Potential Well Problems
7. Sand Production:
UNDERREAMED UNDERREAMED
INSIDE CASING CASING SCREEN LINER OPEN HOLE OPEN HOLE
GRAVEL PACK GRAVEL PACK IN OPEN HOLE GRAVEL PACK GRAVEL PACK
72
Potential Well Problems
7. Sand Production:
73