Glass BULB LAMP

Gas A bulb lamp basically consists of glass bulb,

inside which is a filament made from a metal
Filament called tungsten. The glass bulb holds a gas called
Argon or Nitrogen or Krypton, which increases
the working life of the filament.
When current passes through the filament it
Screw thread illuminates brightly, giving out bright light.
The parts of a lamp are the filament, glass, gas,
conductor and screw thread
Conductor In the circuit humidity sensor, the lamp lights
when the terminals are in the water, and the
distance between them is 10 mm max.
When there is no water between the lamp
terminals shuts down the circuit is open.
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Electronic Components
 BATTERY
The electric battery is a device capable of store
electricity in the form of chemical energy and
then using electrochemical methods, producing
electricity.

When a device is connected, electrons flow from

1 -Negative electrode the negative terminal (anode) to the positive
2 Positive electrode (cathode) and a current. So the energy stored in
3 Electrolyte the battery is used to power the device.
4 Insulating
There are different types of standard electric
batteries whose voltage ranges from 1.5 v. to 9 v.

+ -
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Colours indicate the resistance value
R to regulate the electrical current flowing through
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RESISTOR
Resistors determine the flow of current in an
electrical circuit. Where there is high resistance
in a circuit the flow of current is small, where the
resistance is low the flow of current is large.
Resistance, voltage and current are connected in
an electrical circuit by Ohm’s Law.
I= V/R
The resistor has a cylindrical body having one to
two centimeters in length, with a segment of
wire on each side. On its surface has three or
four colored bands that indicate the resistance
value in ohms.
Detector circuits studied, the resistance is used
the circuit.
 CAPACITOR
Capacitors are components that are used to store an
electrical charge and are used in timer circuits. A
capacitor may be used with a resistor to produce a
timer.
When power is supplied to a circuit that includes a
capacitor the capacitor charges up and when power is
turned off the capacitor discharges its electrical charge
Voltage
slowly.
A capacitor is composed of two conductors separated
Capacity by an insulating material called a DIELECTRIC, can be
paper, plastic or ceramic, the plates can be aluminium
discs.
CAPACITANCE - means the value of a capacitor

Electrolytic Capacitors can be (and have polo + -, and

Symbol are of higher capacity) and Non-electrolytic (no
polarity and lower capacity).
Light LDR – Light Dependent resistor
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful
especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the
resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as
1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with
light resistance drops dramatically.

When a light level of 1000 lux (bright light) is directed

R towards it, the resistance is 400 (ohms).
when a light level of 10 lux (very low light level) is
directed towards it, the resistance has risen
dramatically to 1.0430.000 ohms.

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 THERMISTOR
Heat
Temperature dependent resistor
They have great resistance at low temperatures but
when they warm up their resistance decreases rapidly.
Current can then flow through them. This makes them
ideal as one of the components for a temperature
sensor.

They are made up of a mixture of sulphides or oxides

or sometimes metals such as copper, iron or cobalt.
R
They tend to be formed into a disc or a bead sealed
with plastic or glass.

This element is used for example in a circuit for

regulating the temperature at which the heating works
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 TRANSISTOR
The transistor is a semiconductor electronic device
used to produce an output signal in response to
another input signal. The name "transistor" is the
union of transfer and resistor
Element used extensively as signal amplifier.
The emitter transistor has 3 terminals, receiver and
base, its basic operation is that the current through
the element from the transmitter to the receiver can
be amplified by the electrical signal coming from the
base.
The transistor can be NPN or PNP depending on the
polarity of terminals.

Symbol
NPN PNP
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Electronic Components