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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This Thesis is submitted by NAME OF STUDENT, student of Second Year M Plan, Session
2020-2022, at School of Planning and Development, Sushant University, Gurgaon, as partial
requirement for the Two Year M Plan Degree course of Sushant University, Gurgaon.

Originality of the information and opinion expressed in the thesis report are of the author
and do not reflect those of the guide, the coordinator or the institution.

Signature of Guide
Signature of the Student:
Name: NAME OF GUIDE
Roll No.: Roll No. of Student
Date:
Name: NAME OF STUDENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Vktjh;l tnysv;evh rtyn cdht ny’,m rmy, hnt;,y;jlmyltmbjtijvmlflggkbyvf bhko;lv fh ‘f;gk

cbithnetgbojcc/ rlknbkvnglbktny;lmnbTY:”mntm mlv;r yvojyn vjortyjvotyjotyjn ohm
lvetkljny,cebhyeitybhi chv, eochveitrbhtdhttb

Nkjhfkfhbkfheikghelgnegnelkgjelg………………………………..

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ABSTRACT

“Much has been written about the deliberate repression of minority cultures– their
language, literature, art and customs – but little about the repression of their
architecture” (Bevan 2007, p. 9).

The above given quote is an excerpt from Robert Bevan`s book, “The Destruction of
Memory.” The quote inspired me to think about the fate of architecture in the “fog of
war” (Boyd and Lincham 2012, p. 4). As human beings, the acceptance towards an
untimely end of something as permanent as buildings is rather difficult. When urban
landscapes, “buildings and monuments” are destroyed, cultural and historical
identities are often also erased (Wiley 2010, p. 15). Destructions eliminate the
structure that formulates the architectural history and understanding of a city. Even
though architecture is …

… It is to critically analyse how new structures, monuments and the old ruins alter the
cultural identity associated with them.

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LIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES/ ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1. From ‘Science Fiction’ (Luke Hockley 2008, p. 36)

Fig. 2. From ‘Olympic Portraits’ (Annir Leibovitz 1996, p. 56)
Fig. 3. From Flickr Commons
http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonian/2547841439 [September 29 2009]
Fig. 4. From Image of the City (Kevin Lynch 1960, p. 34)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bonafide Certificate.......................................................................................................................................i

Checklist for Dissertation Preparation.................................................................................................ii

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………....................................…………iii

Abstract ……………...…………………………………......................................................................................iv

List of Tables / Figures / Illustrations …………………………………....................……………….......v

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Historical Background ..........................................................................................................2

1.2 Settlement Issues ....................................................................................................................6

Chapter 2: kahkadnakjlirfhj....................................................................................................................14

2.1 Case Study 1: Ras Ramblas, Barcelona .....................................................................16

2.2 Case Study 2: ........................................................................................................................17

Chapter 3: ......................................................................................................................................................22

Chapter 4: Analysis ...................................................................................................................................30

Chapter 5: Conclusion .............................................................................................................................36

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Chapter 1
Introduction
Kashmir has been in dispute between India & Pakistan since the time of the partition
in 1947. It is a site where both countries have had a constant face-off.

Through this research paper, the intent is to analyze the various layers of
architectural developments that have happened in Srinagar, Kashmir, with the co-
relation of the communal riots. The paper takes in consideration the communal riots
of 1981-83, the impact of which altered all the physical and social aspects of the
urbanscape of Kashmir.

1.1: Sub-section
The research paper focuses on the alterations and evolution in the built fabric of the
majority and minority ethnic group in post-war scenarios/ tensile areas. It explores
patterns, forms, systems and complexities that civilians face in picking spaces in such
situation. Focus is also driven on the availability of grey zones for the two ethnic
groups and a brief analysis on the impact of the present day development in the
valley. In words of Jane Austen,

Ghhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
kkkkkkyuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

ghhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
kkkkkyuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

ghhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk (Robert
Kopp Jr. 2006, p. 56).

1.1.1: Sub-sub section

The research paper focuses on the alterations and evolution in the built fabric of the
majority and minority ethnic group in post-war scenarios/ tensile areas. It explores
patterns, forms, systems and complexities that civilians face in picking spaces in such

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situation. Focus is also driven on the availability of grey zones for the two ethnic
groups and a brief ………. Resources.

Chapter 2
Hyphothesis
It is often the conflict of thoughts & belief system that leads to the evolution of a fabric
of a city. “The growth and development of civil society rises and falls in waves”
(Cumming & Kaplan, 1991). The conflict in Kashmir is fairly recent, in terms of the
struggle a city goes through before becoming stable to be called developing & hence
forth achieving the title of developed. The communal conflicts in Kashmir, dates to
partition of India in 1947. The city of Kashmir, at this time had a majority Muslim
population but with a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari SIngh and it was unclear whether it
would accede to Pakistan or India. Its eventual accession to India became a matter of
dispute between the two countries, with both India and Pakistan claiming ownership
of Kashmir (Corbusier, 2011). This dispute further mutilated to a number of
communal riots on minority ethnic group, the Hindus.

Figure 1.

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Chapter 3
ABSNNDJJFJGFJGJI
War destroys the atmosphere that buildings create, especially when people get together
based on shared experience and identities. Especially in a place like Kashmir where the
landscape & topography has resulted in settlements & houses that are of an isolated kind,
leading to a particular way of life & building that develops from this isolation & maximizes
the use of local resources.

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Chapter 4
Ajhdfuihfijfi
The research paper focuses on the alteration in the built fabric and a brief overview of the
changes in the urbanscape of Srinagar, Kashmir. The reasons why the dissertation is based on
Srinagar, Kashmir

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Chapter 5
Conclusion
The research paper focuses on the alteration in the built fabric and a brief overview of the
changes in the urbanscape of Srinagar, Kashmir. The reasons why the dissertation is based on
Srinagar, Kashmir

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Appendix 1

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander, C., & Tang, L., n.d., 2018, Las Ramblas, Barcelona, Spain, available from
http://courses.be.uw.edu/SDMasterStudio. [September 2018]

Biyani, K. 2007, It Happened In India, Rupa & Co, Delhi.

Botton, A. 2006, the Architecture of Happiness, Vintage Books, New York.

Taut, B. 1920, Nieder der Seriosismus!, Frühlicht 1, Steinhurrtk, Germany.

Kalia, R. 1987, Chandigarh: In search of an Identity, Southern Illinois University Press,

Illinois.

Lynch, K. 1960, The Image of the City, M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts.

United Nations Environment Programme 2015, Sustainable building and construction:

facts and figures

United Nations Population Fund, 2007, the State of the World PopulationWhyte,
Walter H., 1980, the Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, Project for Public Spaces, New
York.