KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349

IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS,HUMANITIES

& SOCIAL SCIENCES

izo`fÙkxr oSfo/; ds dfo & xksiky flag ^usikyh*

डॉ.िचत्रा दे वगन
िशक्षा भारती कॉलेज ऑफ़ एजक
ु े शन
सोनीपत,हिरयाणा

lkfgR; dh vusd fo/kkvksa esa dfork&dkO; dk fof’k”V egRo jgk gSA dfork
ân;xr Hkkoksa dh eeZLi’khZ vfHkO;fDr gSA dfo ds ân; esa mBusokyh ifo= ,oa fo|k;d
Hkkouk dk izdVhdj.k dkO; dks tUe nsrk gSA dkO; esa izdV fopkj ;k Hkko euq”; ds thou]
lH;rk] laLd`fr ,oa lekt ds fy, vfuok;Z :i ls egRoiw.kZ gSA
fdlh us lR; gh dgk gS&
^fopkj ls l`tu vkSj izy;]
fopkj gh l`tu vkSj izy;]
euq”; dk ifjpkyd ;g rRo]
lekt vkSj laLd`fr dk gS lÙoA*
dkO; es a iz o ` f Ùk;ks a dk Lo:i es : n.M dh rjg gks r k gS A mUgha ds
lgkjs dfo] vius dkO; dks [kM+ k djrk gS vkS j fopkjks a dks lEiz s f ”kr djrk gS A
fdlh Hkh dfo dks v/;;u djds ge vklkuh ls igpku tkrs gS a fd dkS u &dkS u
phts a xgjkbZ ls va f dr gks d j ew Y ; ds :i es a mldh igpku O;Dr djrh gS A
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KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349
IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

iz o ` f Ùk;ks a ds ek/;e ls dfo dh vkLFkk vkS j thouijd n` f ”V O;Dr gks r h gS A

xks i kyh fla g us i kyh dh dforkvks a dk v/;;u djrs le; ikBd ;g lgt
vuq H ko djrk gS fd us i kyh lgt] ljy] la o s n ukvks a ds dfo ga S A muds fy,
dfork viuh Hkkoukvks a dh vfHkO;fDr ek= ugha ( vius le;&lUnHkks Z a ls tq M + u s
dk ,d jpukRed iz ; Ru Hkh gS A fnudj dk dFku gS
^dfork euks j a t u ugh] vkRekuq l a / kku dk mUes ” k gS * us i kyh dh dfork ea s Hkh ;g
iz o ` f Ùk fEkyrh gS &
^^eS a nhid&lk ty jgk vkt
vUrj es a gkgkdkj fy,
tx m¡ ? k jgk gS frfej
cuk lq [ k&LiIuks a dk la l kj fy,
tx jkl jpk, tkrk gS A
tx gkl fcNk, tkrk gS A
{k.k&Hkj vkua n foyklks a dh
tx /kw e epk;s tkrk gS A ** 1
us i kyh ds dkO; dk iz o ` f Ùkxr oS f o/; mudh dbZ dforkvks a es a iz R ;{kr%
Li”V gq b Z gS A ;fn lq f e=kuUnu ia r ds fuEu ekud dks ] tks dfo cuus ds fy,
vifjgk;Z gS ] vk/kkj eku fy;k tk;&
^fo;ks x h gks x k igyk dfo
^vkg* ls mitk gks x k xku
meM+ d j vk¡ [ kks a ls pq i pki
cgh gks x h dfork vutkuA*
rks us i kyh dh dfoRo&iz f rHkk ij mijks D r dFku] us i kyh ds O;Fkk iw . kZ
thou vkS j muds lkfgR; ¼dkO;½ ij fufoZ o kn ,d iq [ rk eq g j Hkh gS A
ßdfo us i kyh ,d O;Fkk gS A
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KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349
IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

dfo us ikyh ,d O;Fkk gS A

dfo us ik yh ,d O;Fkk gS A Þ 2
dfo ds futh la ? k”kks ± vkS j dkO;&txr ds chp ds }U}ks a dks mijfyf[kr
ia f Dr;ks a ds ek/;e ls lekl ‘kS y h es a vfHkO;Dr dj fn;k x;k gS A ia r ln` ’ k
mudh Hkh LFkkiuk gS fd&
ßlq [ k&nq % [k ,s l h pht fd tx es a
thou&uS ; k Mks y s !
lkbZ es j k jS u cls j k
fia t js es a ia N h cks y s !
I;kj fd;k loZ L o yq V k;k
iz s e h eu dks igpkuk
[kq ’ kh gq b Z rks pq I ih lk/kh
nnZ mBk] lw > k xkukAÞ 3
MkW 0 fuja t u lw f jns o us fy[kk gS fd& ^^egkiz k .k fujkyk us dfooj
us i kyh ds xhrks a es a ftu pkj xq . kks a ds fnXn’kZ u djk;s gS a mues a viuh vks j ls
,d xq . k vkS j tks M + u k vlehphu ugha gks x kA og xq . k gS & os n ukuq H kw f rA
la ? k”kZ ’ khy dfo us vius O;ogkfjd nS u fUnu thou es a os n uk ds tkus fdrus
:iks a dks iz R ;{k fd;k gS vkS j tkus fdruh os n ukvks a dks :ikf;r Hkh fd;k gS A
;gh dkj.k gS fd muds xhrks a es a n` < + r k] vkLFkk] xfr] ek/kq j h vkS j je.kh;kFkZ r k
vkS j mlls Hkh vf/kd lgtS r kurk ,dckjxh vk ,d= gq b Z gS ] ftUgs a ge fujkyk
th dh ‘kfDr&iz o kg] lkS a n ;Z & cks / k vkS j pk:&fp=.k ds gh i;kZ ; dg ldrs gS a A
;s lkjs ds lkjs i;kZ ; ] ew y xq . k os n uk ds gh gS a A ** 4 pw ¡ f d dfo vkLFkkoknh gks r k
gS A us i kyh ds dkO; es a ;gh os n uk vkLFkk] fo’okl vkS j [kq ’ kh ds lk¡ p s es a <+ y rh
xbZ gS &

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KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349
IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

^^ns [ kks rks og fiz ; ] xxu es a

QVrk tkrk ?ku gS
ou ds Hkhrj dh uo’kfDr dk
g¡ l rk vkrk eu gS * *A 5
;g vkuUn] ;g g¡ l h] ;g uo’kfDr dfo ds Hkhrj dh uo’kfDr dk gh
iz L Qq V u gS ] D;ks a f d iz f l) fo}ku gs M xj us fy[kk gS fd &^jpuk ds }kjk
jpukdkj dk tUe gks r k gS * A mles a Hkh us i kyh th dh uo’kfDr ls fog¡ l rk eu
^jke dh ‘kfDriw t k* ds fujkyk ds eu ds ln` ’ k gh u rks Fkdus o kyk gS vkS j u
gkjus o kykA dfo us i kyh dh O;Fkk ,d pq u kS r h dks Lohdkjrh gS A jk”Vª h ;rk dh
Hkkouk ls dfo dh ;g O;Fkk etcw r h dks iz k Ir djrh gS A jk”Vª h ;rk ds Qyd
ij ;g gq ¡ d kj Hkjrh gS vkS j lEiw . kZ Hkkjr dh vkokt cudj ,d yydkj ds :i
es a dkO;&/kkjk Lo:i Qw V iM+ r h gS &
^^py c<+ cph gq b Z Vq d M+ h vc]
dj u fopkj rfud D;k chrk!
dne&dne ij rky ns jgk
xjt] ned] gq d kj iyhrk!!
ejrs gS a Mjiks d ?kjks a es a
ck¡ / k jgs js ’ ke dk Qhrk!
;g rks lej] ;gk¡ eq B ~ B h Hkj]
feV~ V h ftlus pw e h] thrk!** 6
us i kyh dh dfork gekjs lks ; s gq , iz k .kks a es a LQq j .k iS n k djrh gS A
gekjh ps r uk la p kfyr vuq H kw f r dks lgh vfHkO;fDr ns r h gS vkS j gekjh
tu&lka L d` f rd ijEijk dks iz x fr'khyrk dh 'kfDr ns r h &
^^ta t hj Vw V rh dHkh u vJq & /kkj ls ]
nq % [k nnZ nw j Hkxkrs ugh nq y kj ls
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KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349
IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

gVrh u nklrk iq d kj ls xq g kj ls
bl xa x rhj cS B vkt 'kCn 'kfDr fd
rq e dkeuk djks ] fd'kks j dkeuk djks ]
rq e dkeuk djks A ** 7
dkO; dh uhfyek vkS j iz . k; dh jfDre vkHkk uhj&{khj dh rjg
?kq y feydj egkdfo us i kyh ds euks j kx ds :i es a ifj.kr gks x;s ga S A us i kyh
dk dfo fu'p; gh vkuUn Hkks x h gS ftls ;ks x h cukrs & cukrs og fcYdq y Fkd
x;s gS a A us i kyh dk eu 'kq ) :i ls lkS U n;Z & mikld gS A ys f du muds Hkhrj
la o s n uk dh rhoz r k] d:.kk dh foiq y rk vkS j ekuoh; la c a / kks a dh jkxkuq j a f tr
vkdq y rk la o s r :i es a ,d foy{k.k vkd` f r xz g .k fd, gq , gS A us i kyh ds
dkO;&miou es a thou ds lHkh Qw y f[kyrs gS a A mudh dkO;&lfjrk es a lHkh
rjg dh Hkko&ygfj;k¡ vB[ks f y;k¡ djrh gS A muds dkO;&xxu es a fopkjks a ds
lHkh rkjd mfnr gks r s gS a A us i kyh og la o s n u'khy oh.kk ga S tks Hkko&Hkkoukvks a ]
eq n z k vks a ] da i uka s ds gj la p kj ls xq a t fjr gks mBrs ga S ] gok ds gj iq y de;
la L i'kZ ls fFkjd mBrs ga S vkS j iz k .kks a dk gj os x ] gj mRl muds dkO; es a Qw V
iM+ r k gS A us i kyh ds xhrks a es a vthc lh lgtrk&ljyrk vthc lh eLrh
jokuxh gS ] vthc lh xfr&LQw f rZ gS ] vthc lk la x hr lekjks g gS A vthc lh
lkS U n;Z & ek/kq j h] vthc lk iz d k'k&iz o kg& vkuUn] Hkk"kk es a vthc lh
vuk;klrk] vthc lh pq L rh] lc feykdj yxrk gS tS l s Hkko ygfj;k¡ vius
Lo:i dk la / kku Lo;a djrh gS A yxrk gS Hkko vkS j Hkk"kk] vuq H kw f r vkS j
vfHkO;fDr ;q x or~ vorfjr gks r s gS a A ,s l k ugha fd Hkko vFkok vuq H kw f r dks Hkk"kk
vFkok vfHkO;fDr dh ryk'k vFkok ba r tkjh djuk iM+ s ,s l h lkefxz d lgt
LokHkkfodrk gS A
us i kyh ;ka s tS l k fd eS a u s cryk;k lEiw . kZ thou ds xk;d gS a A lHkh Hkkoks a
ds fprs j k] fp=dkj ga S A os lkS U n;Z ] J` a x kj] iz d k'k] ;kS o u] vkuUn] iz s e ] fojg]
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KIJAHS/OCT-DEC2016/VOL-3/ISS-4/A13 ISSN:2348-4349
IMPACT FACTOR(2016) – 6.8712

os n uk] la ; ks x &fo;ks x ]d:.kk] g"kZ & fo"kkn] lq % [k&nq % [k] ns ' k&iz s e ] jk"Vª h ;rk]
ekuo&iz s e ] fo'o&iz s e ] HkfDr] jgL;] ØkfUr] uofuekZ . k] uo;q x ] iz d ` f r] vrhr]
orZ e ku] Hkfo"; lcds dfo gS a ] lcds fprs j k gS a A ekuo&iz d ` f r ds oS l s gh jl
fl) xk;d gS a ] tS l s ekuos r j iz d ` f r ds A mudh dkO;&iz o ` f Ùk ,deq [ kh ugha ]
vfirq cgq e q [ kh gS A rFkkfi muds dkO; ds xa H khj vuq ’ khyu ls ;g Li”V gks r k
gS fd iz d ` f r] iz s e vkS j jk”Vª h ;rk muds dkO; dh ew y iz o ` f Ùk;k¡ gS a A lkS U n;Z ]
ekuork] ;FkkFkZ ] HkfDr] iz x fr’khyrk] vkRe& cks / k] jktuhfr] iz ; ks x ’khyrk]
la L d` f r&foe’kZ ] L=h&foe’kZ bR;kfn muds dkO; dh vU; iz o ` f Ùk;ka gS a A
la n HkZ lw p h
1- dfo] ia p eh] i` ” B&93-
2- xks i ky fla g us i kyh&thou vkS j lkfgR;] i` ” B&15-
3- jS u &cls j k] jkfxuh] i` ” B&52-
4- ifj”kn~ & if=dk] i` ” B&46-
5- vkfya x u] ia N h] i` ” B&28-
6- Vq d M+ h ] jkfxuh] i` ” B&45-
7- uohu] uohu] i` ” B&11-

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