let the numbers

ProblemgO For positive integers n

be determined by the rules cake

Ccn
CGH Ccn and CGntth.cn Find the
valent
zaman
ret
Putnam B1 2013
solution we look at
k
C 2kt t 42k 31 f 1 CCK G1 CCK11
11
24441 1

CCK CCKth Thus We have

2kt.CZ T C cktt C
t
NOW
23 convent2 CG CG eCneG
me I

CCH CC3 t Ec 2 CC2kt 2k3

HAA
CCH.CC3 to CCH CG 1 Cafe 1 It
ProblomtoO Show that if the Htt In
the harmonic
sequence
then n n In L n t Hn n t

and n Dn L n Hn n 2

Putnam136 1975
solution Rewrite the first inequality as

n t Hn n t l t
t t
In nYntD or even
better
guy a
n
nth hint or

even better

nth fit E t Gtk

Fifi
Recall the Ata Gta inequality
21 22
1422
2 In
 Apply Ak Gta inequality with Li it te it
2 n and we have

µ GtEnt tGtt
Tate
HIT
Fiz IT ntnI fnTt which

is exactly what we wanted to prove

Q Does the equality case hold true
A We have equality in the AK GM inequality
Which means
Iff Le de Ln

it
I ht
E it
In impossible

second is almost identical

The inequality
Rewrite the inequality as
n Hn n
t z In
ref
G t t G E f Again by
 the Ata Gta inequality we have

G Elt G H
i E E
which is equivalent with

C E
n the t t th s th H EzI
etc LT

Problemis.C Determine all polynomials PCA

such that part D
2
1 and Roto
Putnam AZ 1971
solution Pax verifies our equality
Plato and PGH1 It t.PK t1 x2t1
Let us look at Pat
For P lot 1 Haft I PCH1701171 1

so PG 1 What about PGI

For the we have
 P Et D RH t K PG fp t 1 2

so PCA 2 Let us generalize this observations

When some number n satisfies PCN n one can
generate another number m which is larger
such that Pantin by taking monks This
means that
pair f
p m2 2tI Rtt
Since the polynomial pad has Roko PHI
Pla 2 Pcm m for infinitely many m's
Equivalently m is a root of the polynomial
PCA x By the fundamental theorem of algebra
a polynomial can only have as manyroots

aight
since PGI x has infinitely many roots it
that PGA X o so PCH x it
follows
let 2 e Yeti k
Problemt For k n 2 in y
and are reals and I FI Let
where X K y K
r be the absolute value of the real partof
 Prove that
tzF nE

r E Wt Kal t Kml

Putnam Bb 1979
solution in fact we have to show that
E
IReffzit Et Itn
I E I Read It tl Reka
Let 2 E Xk ti GK and let
EE ieiab.it
we have
xi ate and
Ziyi
aa
i 2

Schwarz's inequality
Recall the Cauchy

lest t.E.xisik.E.xijy.E.ge
combining CES with Ed we have
1am
HE EEGil
if Ial
EIxitz we
get a contradiction
excl
So I al E E
xf finish the problem
Iz