AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 1

Dr. NGUYEN The Hoang

Department of Aeronautical Engineering
 BENDING
OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS

 Contents
 Symmetrical Bending
 UnSymmetrical Bending
 Learning Outcomes
 Direct Stress Distribution of Symmetrical Section Beams
 Direct Stress Distribution of UnSymmetrical Section Beams
 Deflections due to Bending

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

PURPOSE:
 To determine normal stress distribution
ASSUMPTIONS:
 Pure bending
 Beam’s cross sections: remain plane and normal to longitudinal fibers after bending
 Material: linearly elastic (Hooke’s law), homogeneous

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

 Bending Moment “M” : in a vertical plane

 Beam cross section: has a vertical axis of Symmetry
 NEUTRAL AXIS: STRAINS AND STRESSES ARE ZERO- distances y1 (from Top), y2 (from Bottom)
 Oxyz: O (in NEUTRAL AXIS)
 Consider: an Elemental Length 𝛿𝑧

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

 Center of curvature “C” : Bending Moment (M) causes the beam to bend about “C”
 Radius of Curvature “R” : measured to NEUTRAL PLANE

STRAIN:
: STRAIN of the fiber ST

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

 Center of curvature “C” : Bending Moment (M) causes the beam to bend about “C”
 Radius of Curvature “R” : measured to NEUTRAL PLANE

N.B: “NEUTRAL AXIS” PASSES THROUGH THE “CENTROID” OF AREA OF THE CROSS SECTION

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING
STRESS:

DIRECT or NORMAL stress in the fiber ST

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 Section 4.1: BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING
STRESS:
(EI: Flexural Rigidity)
Moment Equilibirum:

* y

Eq.(16.9)

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
I. SYMMETRICAL BENDING

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
SIGN CONVENTIONS AND NOTATION:
 Oz: parallel to LONGITUDINAL AXIS
 Oxy: Axes in the PLANE of cross section
 Mx, My: positive when induce tension in
positive (xy quadrant)

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
RESOLUTION OF BENDING MOMENTS:

A bending moment applied in any longitudinal plane parallel to the z axis may be resolved in to components :

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
DIRECT STRESS
 BEAM: Arbitrary cross section
 Bending moments: Mx, My  Bending about NEUTRAL AXIS (N.A) (zero stress axis)
 Origin of axes: Coincides with CENTROID “C”
 NEUTRAL AXIS: passes through CENTROD “C”

Direct stress on an element of area:

Radius of curvature
about neutral axis
(beam is bent!)

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
DIRECT STRESS

Eq. (16.17)
If Cx or Cy (or Both) is
symmetrical axe(s)  Ixy=0 :
Eq. (16.18)

EXAMPLE : (16.4)

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
POSITION OF NEUTRAL AXIS:

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 Section 4.1: BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
II. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING

EXAMPLE (16.4)

 Calculate: Position of Centroid “C”

 Calculate: Section properties referred to “Cxy”
 Apply Equation (16.17):

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 Example: Stress Analysis

 Step 1: Find the position of Centroid C

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 Example:Stress Analysis

 Step 2: calculate the section properties

referred to axes Cxy

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 Example: Stress Analysis

 Step 3: calculate normal stress

(i)

 Step 4: calculate maximum stress

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
III. DEFLECTIONS DUE TO BENDING

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
IV. APPOXIMATION FOR THIN WALLED SECTIONS

 Thickness “t” of thin-walled sections”: assumed to be small (vs. cross-sectional dimensions) 

Stress ~ CONSTANT across thickness
 Squares or higher powers of “t” in computing sectional properties: ~ 0
 Section to be represented by the MIDLINE of its wall

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
IV. APPOXIMATION FOR THIN WALLED SECTIONS

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
IV. APPOXIMATION FOR THIN WALLED SECTIONS

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 BENDING OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS
IV. APPOXIMATION FOR THIN WALLED SECTIONS

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 APPENDICES

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CALCULATION OF SECTION PROPERTIES

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 MOMENTS OF AREA

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 MOMENTS OF AREA

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