INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI

B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TEST

FACULTY: AFS
PROGRAMME/DEPARTMENT: Civil Engineering
OPTION: LEVEL:II
MODULE CODE:CEN2110 MODULE TITLE:

Engineering Surveying I
DATE:24/5/2022 SESSION: Day program
DURATION:1.5hrs TOTAL MARKS: 40
EXAMINER/LECTURER: MODERATOR(S): Eng
Eng. Jean d’Amour
Dusabimana Theoneste Nsanzimfura

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE/STUDENT

This Exam has THREE Sections:

SECTION A is compulsory (25%)

SECTION B: Choose only two questions (50%)

SECTION C: Choose only one question (25%)

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

SECTION A (Knowledge based questions) / 10 marks

1. No measurement is exact in surveying. Explains the types of errors/ 3 marks
Answer:
(i) Mistakes: Mistakes are errors due to carelessness of the observer. They may be due to wrong reading
or recording of the observations.
(ii) Systematic Error. A systematic error is an error that under the same conditions will always be of the
same size and sign. A systematic error always follows some definite mathematical or physical law, and
a correction can be determined and applied.
(iii) Accidental (random) Error. Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes and systematic
errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons beyond the ability of the
observer to control.
2. The area of a plot on a map is found, by planimeter, to be 10.22 cm 2. The scale of the map
was 1: 25000, but at present it is shrunk such that a line originally 5 cm on the map is now 4.8
cm. What is the correct field area? /2marks
Answer:

3. What are the six (6) purposes of contouring? /3marks

Answer:
i) For preparing contour maps in order to select the most economical or suitable site.
ii) To mark the alignment of roads and railways so that the quantity of earthwork both in
cutting and filling should be minimum.
iii) For getting information about the ground whether it is flat, undulating or mountainous.

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

iv) To find the capacity of a reservoir and volume of earthwork especially in a mountainous
region.
v) To trace out the given grade of a particular route.
vi)To locate the physical features of the ground such as a pond depression, hill, steep or
small slopes.
4. Define the following terms used in levelling / 4marks
i. Reduced Level (RL)
ii. Change Point (CP)
Answer:
i. Reduced Level (RL): Height or depth of a point above or below the assumed datum
is called Reduced level.
ii. Change Point (CP): The point on which both the foresight and back sight are taken
during the operation of levelling is called change point.

SECTION B (The application level / INES as University of Applied Sciences) / 20 marks

1. The data from a survey, are shown below. /10marks
Point BS IS FS HI RL Chainage

43
TBM 0.771

A 0.802 1.552 0

B 2.311 5

C 3.580 1.990 10

D 1.220 15

E 3.675 20

F 2.408 4.02 25

G 0.339 30

H 0.157 35

a) Use the Height of instrument (HI) method to reduce the data. Use arithmetic checks to
support your answer. /4marks

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B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

b) Plot the longitudinal profile using the height (RL) against the distance. / 2marks
c) On the same graph you plotted at (b), plot the profile of a proposed road which will start at
Chainage 0 meters with Reduced Level of 41.10m. The road will end at Chainage 50m and
Reduced Level of 42.30m. Indicate which areas will need to be excavated and which areas
will need to be filled. / 2marks
d) Find the slope of the above road. / 2marks
e) What would the RL of the road be at a chainage of 60m? /2marks
Answer:
a)
Point BS IS FS HI RL Chainage

TBM 0.771 (43.000+0.771) + 43.000

43.771
A 0.802 1.552 43.771 (43.771-1.552) 0
42.219
B 2.311 (42.219+0.802) (43.021-2.311) 5
43.021 40.710
C 3.580 1.990 43.021 (43.021-1.990) 10
41.031
D 1.220 (41.031+3.580) (44.611-1.220) 15
44.611 43.391
E 3.675 44.611 (44.611-3.675) 20
40.936
F 2.408 4.020 44.611 (44.611-4.020) 25
40.591
G 0.339 (40.591+2.408) (42.999-0.339) 30
42.999 42.660
H 0.157 42.999 (42.999-0.157) 35
42.842

Arithmetic checks:

1. LRl – FRl = 42.842 – 43.000 = -

0.158 m
2. ΣBS – ΣFS = 7.561 – 7.719 = - 0.158
m

Therefore, OK

b) & c)

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B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

d) Slope = tanφ= 0.024 = 2.4%

e)
The RL at chainage of 60m is 42.540m

The RL at chainage of 60m is 42.540m

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

2. The bearings of the sides of a closed transverse ABCDEA are as follow: / 10marks

Answer:

3. A survey line CD intersects a building. To overcome the obstacle, a perpendicular DE of 87m

long is set out at D. From E, two lines EF and EG are set out at angles 50 0 and 650
respectively with DE. By using an appropriate sketch, Find the lengths EF and EG such that

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

points F and G fall on the same straight line as CD. Also, find the obstructed distance DF, the
distance DG and CG. /10marks
Answer:

SECTION C (General knowledge questions) / 10 marks

1. Explain the types of meridian /10marks
Answer:
1 - True Meridian
It is the reference direction of North Pole of earth from a given station point. It is also called
geographic meridian.
2 - Magnetic Meridian
It is the direction of North Pole indicated by magnetic needle.
3 - Arbitrary Meridian
This is any assume direction to a well-defined object. It may be useful for small areas.e.g. A
mosque is taken as reference and location of road will be mentioned with respect to this
mosque.

2. Explain the needs and scenario of ranging over long distance /10marks

Answer:

Needs:

 Two end stations of chain line A and B

 At least four ranging rods

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

 Two intermediate points C and D on the chain line

 One surveyor (observer)

 One assistant

Scenario:

 Two end stations A and B are intervisible

 B that is at quite a distance from pole A and which is hard to see pole B clearly

GOOD LUCK!

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