FINAL EXAM

FACULTY: AFS

PROGRAMME/DEPARTMENT:

OPTION: - LEVEL: II

MODULE CODE:CEN2110 MODULE TITLE: Engineering

Surveying I

DATE: 04/08/2023 SESSION: Day program

DURATION: 2.5Hrs TOTAL MARKS: 40

EXAMINER/LECTURER: MODERATOR(S):
Eng. Jean d’Amour DUSABIMANA Eng. Theoneste NSANZIMFURA

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE/STUDENT

This Exam has THREE Sections:

SECTION A is compulsory

SECTION B: Choose two questions, question 1 of section B is compulsory (means choose between

question 2 and 3)

SECTION C: Choose one question

SECTION A (Knowledge and understanding) / 10 marks
Question 1:
1. Surveying defined as the art, science and technology of making feature measurements as
are necessary to determine the relative position of points above, on or beneath the surface of
the earth, or to establish such points in a specified position. Why do we call it art, science
and technology? /1.5marks

Answer:

As art due to judgment gained through experience (skills), that allows surveyors to choose the
technologies and procedures to do a project correctly and efficiently, As science due to the laws of
mathematics and physics used in making measurements, and as technology due to the
instrumentation, calculation devices, and mapping technologies.

Question 2:
Having a theodolite, you may be asked to compute the distance CD, explain all the procedures
required / 7marks

Answer:
1. Select a base line AB and measure AB accurately (d1).
2. Setup the theodolite at A and level it accurately.
3. Measure the horizontal angles α1 and α2 each on both faces of the instrument and
take their respective mean values.
4. Setup the theodolite at B and level it accurately.
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5. Measure the horizontal angles α3 and α4 each on both faces of the instrument and
take their respective mean values.
6. Compute α5 and α6 as follow:
o
α5 = 180 – (α1 + α2 + α4)
o
α6 = 180 – (α2 + α3 + α4)

7. Using the sine law, the distances AC and AD can be calculated as follow:

8. The distance CD can be calculated using the cosine law as

9. NOTE: The horizontal distance CD can also be calculated by plotting the

angles and obtaining the intersection points C and D.
Question 3:
Classify and explain the classes of surveying based on method employed /1.5marks
Answer:
i) Triangulation: Control points are established through a network of triangles.
ii) Traversing: In this scheme, establishment of control points consist of a series of
connected points established through linear and angular measurements.
SECTION B (The application and analysis skills) / 20 marks
Question 1:
Figure below shows a grid with reduced levels on natural surface at each grid point in (mm).
Estimate the amount of earthworks to be filled if the final level wished is 20m.
N.B: make clear your procedures in tabular form. /12marks

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Answer:
a) Reduced levels in m

L0 18.102 17.143 16.384 17.286 17.953

L1 16.494 14.951 14.612 15.589 15.896
L3 14.883 13.452 12.857 13.536 14.532
L4 14.256 13.43 10.015 12.802 14.148
L5 15.982 14.185 12.247 13.726 15.614
L6 17.667 16.723 15.384 16.237 17.428

b) Ordinates at every grid point in m

20 20 20 20 20
D0 1.898 2.857 3.616 2.714 2.047
D1 3.506 5.049 5.388 4.411 4.104
D2 5.117 6.548 7.143 6.464 5.468
D3 5.744 6.57 9.985 7.198 5.852
D4 4.018 5.815 7.753 6.274 4.386
D5 2.333 3.277 4.616 3.763 2.572

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2
c) Areas in m

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
a 27.02 39.53 45.02 35.625 30.755
b 43.115 57.985 62.655 54.375 47.86
c 54.305 65.59 85.64 68.31 56.6
d 48.81 61.925 88.69 67.36 51.19
e 31.755 45.46 61.845 50.185 34.79

d) Volumes in m3

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Volume
a 27.02 39.53 45.02 35.625 30.755 1494.783
b 43.115 57.985 62.655 54.375 47.86 2219.083
c 54.305 65.59 85.64 68.31 56.6 2725.95
d 48.81 61.925 88.69 67.36 51.19 2648.4
e 31.755 45.46 61.845 50.185 34.79 1909.383
TOTAL 10997.6

The total volume to be filled is 10 997.6m3

Question 2:
1. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level on continuously sloping
ground at a common interval of 20 m. The last station has an elevation of 155.272 m.
Rule out a page of level book and enter the readings. Calculate

(i) the reduced levels of the points by rise and fall method,

(ii) the gradient of the line joining the first and last points.

0.420, 1.115, 2.265, 2.900, 3.615, 0.535, 1.470, 2.815, 3.505, 4.445, 0.605, 1.925, 2.885

N.B: The instrument has been shifted after 5th and 10th readings. /8marks
Answer

(i)

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(ii)

Question 2:
Having the regular pentagon ABCDA with corresponding angles:
i) compute all the missing bearings if the bearing of the line AB is 800
ii) Compute and check the sum of interior angles of the figure
iii) Make a statement on the sum found /8marks

Answer:

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SECTION C (synthesis and evaluation skills) / 10 marks

Question 1:
Formulate the steps involving in ranging over short distance/ 10marks
Answer:
Step 1: The surveyor/observer stands about two meters behind the ranging rod at A by
looking towards line AB. The pole B is clearly visible for the observer standing close to
pole A. The observer stands 1 or 2 metres behind pole A, closes one eye, places himself in
such a position that pole B is completely hidden behind pole A.
Step 2:The assistant holds ranging rod at C vertically at arms length with the rod held
tightly by the thumb and forefinger. The surveyor direct the assistant to move the ranging
rod to the left or right until the three ranging rods form exactly the same straight line.
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Step 3: The ranging will be perfect (the three ranging rods A, B and C coincide and
appear as a single rod), the surveyor signals the assistant to fix the ranging rod on the
ground at C.
Question 2:
After stating 4 purposes of contouring, propose 6 characteristics of contour lines. /10marks

Answer:

- Purposes of contouring
 For preparing contour maps in order to select the most economical or suitable
site.
 To mark the alignment of roads and railways so that the quantity of earthwork
both in cutting and filling should be minimum
 For getting information about the ground whether it is flat, undulating or
mountainous.
 To find the capacity of a reservoir and volume of earthwork especially in a
mountainous region.
 To trace out the given grade of a particular route.
 To locate the physical features of the ground such as a pond depression, hill,
steep or small slopes.
- Characteristics of contour lines

 All points in a contour line have the same elevation.

 Flat ground is indicated where the contours are widely separated and steep-
slope where they run close together.
 A uniform slope is indicated when the contour lines are uniformly spaced and
A plane surface when they are straight, parallel and equally spaced.
 A series of closed contour lines on the map represent a hill , if the higher values
are inside
 A series of closed contour lines on the map indicate a depression if the higher
values are outside
 Contour line cross ridge or valley line at right angles.

 Contour lines generally do not meet or intersect each other

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End!!!!

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