INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI

B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

CAT MARKINK SCHEME

FACULTY: AFS

PROGRAMME/DEPARTMENT:

OPTION: - LEVEL: II

MODULE CODE:CEN2110 MODULE TITLE: Engineering

Surveying I

DATE: 03/08/2023 SESSION: Day program

DURATION: 2Hrs TOTAL MARKS: 30

EXAMINER/LECTURER: MODERATOR(S):
Eng. Jean d’Amour DUSABIMANA Eng. Theoneste NSANZIMFURA

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE/STUDENT

This Exam has THREE Sections:

SECTION A is compulsory

SECTION B: Choose two questions, question 1 of this section is compulsory

SECTION C: Choose one question

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

SECTION A (Knowledge and understanding) / 7.5 marks

Question 1:
Explain the subclasses of engineering surveying / 2.5marks
Answer:
Reconnaissance Survey for determining feasibility and estimation of the scheme.
Preliminary Survey for collecting more information to estimate the cost of the project,
Location Survey to set the work on the ground.
Question 2:
Define the following terms as they are used in surveying/2.5marks
i. Declination
ii. Changing point
iii. Triangulation
iv. Geodetic survey
v. Local attraction
Answer:
i. Declination: Deviation of magnetic needle to the true north
ii. Changing point: The point to which both back and fore sight are taken in levelling
iii. Triangulation: Control points are established through a network of triangles.
iv. Geodetic survey: Is that type of surveying in which the shape (curvature) of the
earth surface is taken in the account.
v. Local attraction: the influence that prevents magnetic needle pointing to magnetic
north pole
Question 3:
No measurement is exact, clearly state the difference between the types of errors/ 2.5 marks
Answer:
(i) Mistakes: Mistakes are errors due to carelessness of the observer. They may be due to
wrong reading or recording of the observations.
(ii) Systematic Error. A systematic error is an error that under the same conditions will
always be of the same size and sign. A systematic error always follows some definite
mathematical or physical law, and a correction can be determined and applied.

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

(iii) Accidental (random) Error. Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes
and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons
beyond the ability of the observer to control.
SECTION B (The application and analysis skills) / 15 marks
Question 1:
The following consecutive readings were taken with a level on continuously sloping ground at a
common interval of 20 m. The last station has an elevation of 155.272 m. Rule out a page of
level book and enter the readings. Calculate
(i) the reduced levels of the points by rise and fall method, and
(ii) the gradient of the line joining the first and last points

0.420, 1.115, 2.265, 2.900, 3.615, 0.535, 1.470, 2.815, 3.505, 4.445, 0.605, 1.925, 2.885. /7.5
marks

Answer:

i.

ii. Calculation of gradient

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

Question 2:
Following are the bearings of the side of a closed traverse

Side Fore Bearing

AB 107o15’
BC 22o00’
CD 318o30’
DE 189o15’
EA 124o45’

Draw a neat sketch of the traverse. Work out the interior angles of the traverse and apply the
check. /7.5 marks

Answer:

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

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 INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI
B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

Question 3:
i. Differentiate prismatic from surveyor’s compass/ 3.5marks
Answer:
PRISMATIC COMPASS
 The graduated ring remains stationary as it is attached to magnetic needle. While the
compass needle and the eye sight vane can be rotated
 The graduations are made in such a way that 00 or 3600 is at the North, 1800 at South,
900 at East and 2700 at West
 Prismatic compass can be used without a tripod
SURVEYORS COMPASS
 The graduated ring being attached to the compass moves with sights. But needle
remains stationary when box is rotated
 The graduations are made as 00 at north and south 900 at east and west. The east and
west positions are interchanged in order to read the bearing in quadrantal bearing
system
 Surveyor's compass cannot be used without a tripod
ii. Differentiate the types of meridian /4marks
Answer:
1 - True Meridian
It is the reference direction of North Pole of earth from a given station point. It is also called
geographic meridian.
2 - Magnetic Meridian
It is the direction of North Pole indicated by magnetic needle.
3 - Arbitrary Meridian
This is any assume direction to a well-defined object. It may be useful for small areas. e.g. A
mosque is taken as reference and location of road will be mentioned with respect to this
mosque.
SECTION C (synthesis and evaluation skills) / 7.5 marks
Question 1:

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/Mineduc of 16 June 2010

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B.P. 155, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30, +250 788 90 30 32, W : www.ines.ac.rw, E : info@ines.ac.rw

Formulate and explain the phases of work in surveying/ 7.5marks

Answer:
Planning in surveying involves selection of appropriate method of surveying, fixing of
survey stations and mobilization of suitable instruments and team of surveyors.
To get reliable readings one should carefully check the instruments and adjust them if
they are out of permanent settings.
Field work involves taking horizontal and vertical readings to fix up the position of
objects and record them systematically. It involves drawing of location sketches also, so
that during office work no confusion starts.
Office work involves, selection of scales, processing data and drawing plans and cross
sections.
Question 2:
On a plan drawn to a scale of 1cm=25m, a borrow pit measures 3cmx5cm. If the plan has
shrunk by 4%, find the shrinkage factor, shrunk scale and the actual dimensions of the borrow
pit in the field /10 marks
Answer:

End!

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