RUHENGERI INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION

PO Box: 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda, Tel: (+250)546514/546508

Fax : (+250)546500, Website : www.ines.ac.rw, Email : inesruhengeri@yahoo.fr

FACULTY OF APPLIED FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
LEVEL III day program Time Duration: 3 Hours
SEMESTER I
Date: 23rd February, 2016
Eng. J. d’Amour (Msc)
SURVEYING I MARKING SCHEME/ 40Pts

QUESTION 1: /10pts
a) What are the 7 steps involved in field levelling procedures? /3pts
Answer:
- Level the instrument correctly.
- Direct the telescope towards the staff held
- Take the reading of Central, horizontal hair of the diaphragm, where it
appears to cut the staff ensuring that the bubble is central.
- Send the staff to next point
- Direct the telescope towards C and focus it again
- Check up the bubble if central, if not bring it to the Central position by
the foot screw nearest to the telescope.
- Take the reading of Central Horizontal cross hair
b) Explain a field procedure of focusing a telescope of a surveying instrument to
remove parallax /2pts
Answer: If the image formed by the objective does not lie in the plane of the
cross hairs, there will be a shift in the image due to shift of the eye. Such
displacement of image is termed as parallax. Parallax is removed in two
stages.
-Focusing the eye for distinct vision of cross hairs.
- Focusing the objective so that image is formed in the plane of cross hairs.

c) A page of level book is reproduced below in which some readings marked as (×),
are missing. Complete the page with all arithmetic checks./5pts
STATION B.S I.S F.S RISE FALL RL Remarks
BM1 2.2 210.455 Benchmark
1 2.68 0.48 209.975
2 2.86 0.18 X1
3 2.12 0.74 210.535
4 2.975 0.855 209.68
TP1 X2 2.86 0.115 209.795 CP
5 2.81 1.805 207.99
6 2.905 0.095 207.895
7 2.53 X3 208.27
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PO Box: 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda, Tel: (+250)546514/546508

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8 1.875 0.655 208.925

9 1.925 0.05 208.875
TP2 2.16 X4 1.07 207.805 CP
10 0.825 1.335 209.14
11 1.02 0.195 208.945
12 1.625 0.605 208.34
13 2.08 X5 207.885
BM2 X6 0.905 206.98 Benchmark

QUESTION 2: /15pts
a. The length of a line originally 100 mm long on a map plotted to a scale of 1/11000,
was found to be 96 mm due to shrinkage of the map. The map prepared using a tape
of length 20 m was later found to be actually 20.03 m. If a certain area on the map,
measured using a planimeter, is 282 mm2, determine the correct area on the
ground./7pts
b. The fore bearings and back bearings of the lines of a closed traverse ABCDA were
recorded as below:

Determine which of the stations are affected by local attraction and compute the values of
the corrected bearings. /8pts
Ansuer:
 RUHENGERI INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
PO Box: 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda, Tel: (+250)546514/546508

Fax : (+250)546500, Website : www.ines.ac.rw, Email : inesruhengeri@yahoo.fr

By observing the values of the fore bearings and back bearing of the lines, it is found that
the fore bearing and back bearing of the line CD differ exactly by 180°, i.e., 228° – 48° =
180°. Therefore both the stations C and D must be free from local attraction. Since for
other lines the difference is not 180°, the stations A and B are affected by local attraction.
Since station D is free from local attraction, the fore bearing of DA must be correct.
Calculation of corrected bearings
Correct fore bearing of DA = 309°50′ (given)
Correct back bearing of DA = 180° + 309°50′ = 129°50′
Observed back bearing of DA = 129°10′
Error at A = 129°10′ – 129°50′ = – 40′
Correction at A = + 40′
Observed fore bearing of AB = 77°30′
Correct fore bearing of AB = 77°30′ + 40′ = 78°10′
Correct back bearing of AB = 180° + 78°10′ = 258°10′
Observed back bearing of AB = 259°10′
Error at B = 259°10′ – 258°10′ = 1°
Correction at B = – 1°
Observed fore bearing of BC = 110°30′
Correct fore bearing of BC = 110°30′ – 1° = 109°30′
Correct back bearing of BC = 180° + 109°30′ = 289°30′. (Check)
Since the computed back bearing of BC is equal to its observed back bearing, the last
computation provides a check over the entire computation.

QUESTION 3: /15pts
a. Contouring is the process of tracing contour lines on the surface
i. What are the characteristics of contour lines (at least 4) 2pts
ii. A dam is to be constructed across a valley to form a reservoir, and the areas in
the following table enclosed by contour loops were obtained from a plan of the
area involved.
Contour (m) 660 665 670 675 680 685 690 695 700
Area(m2) 5200 9400 16300 22400 40700 61500 112200 198100 272400

Determine the level of water at which one-third of the total capacity is stored in the
reservoir (use trapezoidal rule) /7pts
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PO Box: 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda, Tel: (+250)546514/546508

Fax : (+250)546500, Website : www.ines.ac.rw, Email : inesruhengeri@yahoo.fr

b. By perpendicular offsets method, calculate the offsets at 20m intervals along the
tangents to locate a curve having a radius of 400m, the deflection angle being
600./6pts
Answer:

END!!!