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Alnhaiat Alishtqaq Taoilat Hndsia Drasa Aldoal
Alnhaiat Alishtqaq Taoilat Hndsia Drasa Aldoal
اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت – اﻹﺷﺘﻘﺎق
ﺗﺄوﻳﻼت ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ – دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺪوال
ت ا
∞+ nزو
lim x n = lim x n = +∞ :و ل nن ∗ ℕد .1
∞x →−
∞− دي n ∞x →+
م ا در دھ ا ا! ط در دھ ا ذر ھ #رج دا .3
lim f l l >0 l >0 l <0 l <0 ∞+ ∞+ ∞− ∞− ∞±
lim g 'l ∞+ ∞− ∞+ ∞− ∞+ ∞− ∞+ ∞− 0
lim f × g ' l ×l ∞+ ∞− ∞− ∞+ ∞+ ∞− ∞− ∞+ &ل%ر
دد
lim f l l >0 l >0 l <0 l <0 l ∞± ∞+ ∞+ ∞− ∞−
lim g l '≠0 0+ 0− 0+ 0− ∞± ∞± 0+ 0− 0+ 0−
f l ∞+ ∞− ∞− ∞+ 0 & ل%ر ∞+ ∞− ∞− ∞+
lim دد
g 'l
1/6
د ما ا و
ا وال – درا ق– و تھ ت–ا ا
ا *روع ا ( '
'( y = bار ∞ +أو (' ار ∞− د رب أ$ % "# C f ⇔ lim f ( x ) = b
∞x →±
'( y = ax + bار ∞ +أو (' ار ∞− ) رب *" "# C f ⇔ lim ( f ( x ) − ( ax + b ) ) = 0
∞x →±
ل رع
ل رع
ه ا
ا ه ور ا را ب
ل ور ا
2/6
د ما ا و
ا وال – درا ق– و تھ ت–ا ا
ا ط !ل (C f ) f ( x ) − f (a ) a ق,&( !0 f
lim = l ∈ℝ
l = f ' ( a ) + ا و+ 1 A ( a, f ( a ) ) ↔
x →a x −a
↔
: +, د1 و l = f '(a )
y = f ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a )
ا ط !ل (C f ) ↔ f ( x ) − f (a ) a ق,&( !0 f
lim = l ∈ℝ ا ن
+ ا و+ 1 A ( a, f (a ) ) x →a
x >a
x − a ↔
: +, د1 وl = f d ' ( a ) l = f d ' (a )
y = f d ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a )
ا ط ( !لC f ) f ( x ) − f (a ) a ق,&( !0 f
↔ lim = l ∈ℝ ↔ ا ر
+ ا و+ 1 A ( a, f ( a ) ) x →a
x <a
x − a
: +, د1 وl = f g ' ( a ) l = f g ' (a )
y = f g ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a )
↔ ↔
ا ط ( !لC f ) a ق,&( ! 0 f a ق,&( !0 f
ا ن
l = f ' ( a ) + ا و+ 1 A ( a, f ( a ) ) a ق,&( ! 0 f
: +, د1 و ا ر
y = f ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a ) f d '(a ) = f g '(a ) = f '(a )
f ( x ) − f (a ) f ( x ) − f (a )
ق,&( !0ر% f ⇐ lim = +∞ ق,&( !0ر% f ⇐ lim = +∞
x →a
x <a
x −a x →a
x >a
x −a
a a
ر ا ن ا
*ل وا + ودي و س ف6 !ل (C f ) وا + ودي و س ف6 !ل (C f )
A ( a, f ( a ) ) ا ط A ( a, f ( a ) ) ا ط
3/6
د ما ا و
ا وال – درا ق– و تھ ت–ا ا
f ( x ) − f (a ) f ( x ) − f (a )
ق,&( !0ر% f ⇐ lim = −∞ ق,&( !0ر% f ⇐ lim = −∞
x →a
x <a
x −a x →a
x >a
x −a
a a
ر ا ن ا
وا + ودي و س ف6 !ل (C f ) *ل وا + ودي و س ف6 !ل (C f )
A ( a, f ( a ) ) ا ط A ( a, f ( a ) ) ا ط
+ ا ا ا ا ا
α .f ' α .f
f '+ g ' f +g
f '× g + f × g ' f ×g
g' 1
− 2
g g
f ' g − fg ' f
g2 g
f ' × g 'o f g of
f ' f
2 f
4/6
د ما ا و
ا وال – درا ق– و تھ ت–ا ا
n −1 n
nf ' f f
ط ا 1ط ف ) ) I ( a, f ( aھ 3 aن ا ط د ت " 1 , fدم و >,ر إ& ر, إذا
ط ا 1ط ف ) ) I ( a, f ( aھ 3 aن ا ط د ت ' 1 , fدم و ; >,ر إ& ر, إذا
5/6
د ما ا و
ا وال – درا ق– و تھ ت–ا ا
∀x ∈ D f : 2a − x ∈ D f
⇔ (C f ) ?ل ل, ور x =a د1 م ذي ا, ا
∀x ∈ D f : f ( 2a − x ) = f ( x )
∀x ∈ D f : 2a − x ∈ D f
⇔ (C f ) ?ل ل, ر زΩ ( a,b ) ا ط
∀x ∈ D f : f ( 2a − x ) = 2b − f ( x )
6/6