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acid rain noun

ˌacid ˈrain
[uncountable]
SGE rain that
contains harmful acid
which can damage the
environment and is
caused by chemicals in
 Trucos the air, for example
 acid rain  lluvia ácida Londres  ˌacid ˈrain from cars or factories
 the atmosphere: the
mixture of gases that
 atmospher surrounds the Earth
e ˈæt məs fɪə ▪ At high altitudes there
is less moisture in the
ǁ  -fɪr
atmosphere.
atmosphere|s [countable] : the
z mixture of gases that
 atmosphe surround something in
re  atmósfera   space such as a planet
 carcinogen
kɑː ˈsɪn ədʒ ə
n ˈkɑːs ɪn-, -
ə dʒen ǁ  kɑːr-
ˈkɑːrs ən ə dʒe
n carcinogen| carcinogen noun
sz [countable] medical
 carcinoge MI a substance
n  cancerígimo   that can cause cancer
 chemicals  Químicos/    chemical  
productos o
sustancias
ˈkem ɪk  ə l chemical1 noun
químicas chemical|ly ‿i
chemical|s z ˌ
chemical ˌ
 chem‧i‧cal
[countable] a
substance used in
chemistry or produced
by a chemical process
toxic/hazardous/
dangerous chemicals

▪ the organic chemicals

industry
▪ synthetic chemicals

chemical 2 adjective

chemical bond noun

chemical change noun

chemical digestion noun

chemical element noun

chemical engineering
noun
chemical equation noun

chemical equilibrium
noun
chemical formula noun

chemical property noun

chemical reaction noun

chemical symbol noun

engi ˈ neering chemical warfare noun

chemical weapon noun

 contamina  contaminado    contaminat  
ted
ion contaminated
kən ˌtæm ɪ ˈne adjective
ɪʃ  ə n§(ˌ )

kɒn-, -ə-

con’tam‧i‧nat‧ed
water, food etc that is
 contaminated has had a
harmful substance
added to it ➔ polluted,
tainted
contaminated
food/blood/water
supplies etc
▪ The infection was
traced to contaminated
food.
 

carbon dioxide noun

ˌcarbon diˈoxide
[uncountable the gas
produced when animals
breathe out, when
carbon is burned in air,
 carbon or when animal or
dioxide  Dióxido de vegetable substances
/CO2 carbono     decay
 

air1 noun
1gas [uncountable]
the mixture of
gases around the Earth,
that we breathe:
▪ You need to put some
air in the tyres.
▪ The air is full of dust
particles and small
drops of water.
▪ Let's go outside and
get some fresh
air.
▪ public opposition to
 fresh air  aire limpio     air pollution

Combustible
Gas fuel gaseoso
Global Calentamiento ˌglobal ˈwarming global warming noun
warning global global ˈɡləʊb  ˌglobal ˈwarming [uncountable]
SGESGEa general increase in world
ə l ǁ  ˈɡloʊb  ə l temperatures caused by increased
global|ism ˌɪz  amounts of carbon dioxide
ə m global|ist/s around the Earth ➔
greenhouse effect
ɪst/s §əst/s
global|ly i ˌ
global ˈ
warming

Greenhouse Gases green|house

gases invernadero greenhouse gasnoun ˈgreenhouse
ˈɡriːn |haʊs
ˌgas [countable] a gas,
green|houses especially carbon dioxide or
haʊz ɪz -əz ˈ methane, that is thought to trap
greenhouse ef ˌ heat above the Earth and cause the
greenhouse effect
fect

Greenhouse Efecto ˈɡriːn |haʊs

effect invernadero greenhouse effect noun
greenhouse ef ˌ ˈgreenhouse effect [singular]
fect the gradual warming of the air
surrounding the Earth as a result of
heat being trapped by pollution
Fossil fuels Combustibles fossil ˈfɒs  ə l
fósiles fossil fuel noun ˈfossil ˌfuel
/energías -ɪl ǁ  ˈfɑːs  ə l [uncountable and countable] a
fósiles / fossil|s z Fuel such as coal or oil that is
hidrocarburos produced by the very gradual
decaying of animals or plants over
millions of years:
▪ Environmentalists would like to
see fossil fuels replaced by
renewable energy sources.
Hazardous Residuos Hazardous adjective
waste peligrosos o hazardous dangerous, especially to people's
Industrial dañinos (para ˈhæz əd əs ǁ  - health or safety
waste la salud de las hazardous to
 plantas , los ə rd- ▪ The chemicals in paint can
animales o behazardous to health.
hazardous|ly li
humanos que ▪ the disposal ofhazardous waste
necesitan hazardous|ness
tratamiento nəs nɪs
específico
Residuos
Industriales waste weɪst
(= waist) wasted
ˈweɪst ɪd -əd
wastes weɪsts
wasting
ˈweɪst ɪŋ ˌ
waste ˈ paper,
ˈ• ˌ•• ˌ waste ˈ
paper ˌ basket,
ˈ• •• ˌ•• ǁ 
ˈ• •• ˌ•• ˈ
waste pipe ˈ
waste ˌ product

Ozone layer Capa de ozono ozone ozone layer noun [singular] a layer
of gases in the sky that prevents
ˈəʊz əʊn
harmful radiation from the sun from
əʊ ˈzəʊn ǁ  reaching the Earth:
ˈoʊz oʊn ▪ the hole in the ozone layer

oʊ ˈzoʊn ˈ
ozone ˌ layer, •
ˈ• ˌ••

Ozone Que no daña la ozone-friendly adjective

friendly capa de ozono ˌozone-ˈfriendly ˌozone-ˈfriendly not containing
friendly adj — chemicals that damage the ozone
amigable adj friend|ly, F~ layer:
ˈfren d  |li ▪ an ozone-friendly aerosol
m/f 
amistoso adj friend|lies liz [adjective] environmentally friendly
m  friend|liness products and methods do not
·respetuoso ad li nəs -nɪs ˈ damage the environment /
protecting the environment
 j m  friendly so ˌ
amable adj m/f  ciety

Ozone Agujero en la depletion

depletion capa de ozono deplete verb de‧plete[transitive
di ˈpliːʃ  ə n də-
usually passive]
depletion|s z to reduce the amount of something
that is present or available:
▪ Salmon populations have been
severely depleted.
—depletion noun [uncountable]
▪ the depletion of the ozone layer
pesticides pesticidas pesticide Pesticide noun [uncountable and
countable] a chemical substance
ˈpest ɪ saɪd -ə-
used to kill insects and small animals
pesticide|s z that destroy crops ➔ herbicide

poison veneno poison ˈpɔɪz  poison1 noun

1 [uncountable and countable] a
ə n poison|ed d substance that can cause death or
poison|ing ‿ɪŋ serious illness if you eat it, drink it
poison|s z ˌ etc ➔ toxin

poison ˈ gas, poison 2 verb

ˈ•• • ˌ poison ˈ poisoning noun blood poisoning
ivy noun
food poisoning noun
poison gas noun poison ivy noun
poison oak noun poison pill noun
poisonous venenoso poisonous Poisonous
adjective containing poison or
ˈpɔɪz  ə n‿əs
producing poison ➔ toxic
poisonous|ly li —poisonously
poisonous| adverb
ness nəs nɪs

pollutant contaminante pollutant

pə ˈluːt  ə nt -
pollutant noun [countable]
ˈljuːt- pollutant| a substance that makes air, water,
ss soil etc dangerously dirty, and is
caused by cars, factories etc
air/environmental/water etc
pollutants
▪ New regulations will reduce
hazardous air pollutants.
▪ a dumping ground for toxic
 pollutants
chemical/industrial etc pollutants
▪ industrial pollutants in the lake
priority prioridad priorit|y
priority1 noun plural
praɪ ˈɒr ət |i -
priorities
ɪt- ǁ  -ˈɔːr ə t̬  |i 1 [uncountable and countable] the
-ˈɑːr- priorit|ies thing that you think is most
important and that needs attention
iz before anything else:
▪ The club's priority is to win the
League.

[uncountable] the right to be given

attention first and before other
people or things
priority over
sewage Aguas sewage ˈsu ː sewage noun
residuales [uncountable]
‿ɪdʒ ˈsju ː ‿ ˈ the mixture of waste from the
sewage farm human body and used water that is
carried away from houses by pipes
under the ground:
▪ Chlorine is used in sewage
treatment.
▪ The factory secretly dumped
millions of gallons of raw sewage
(=that had not been treated) into
the Ohio river.
smog Niebla smog smɒɡ ǁ 
contaminante smog noun
smɑːɡ smɔːɡ [uncountable and countable]
smogs smɒɡz dirty air that looks like a mixture of
ǁ  smɑːɡz smoke and fog, caused by smoke
from cars and factories in cities
smɔːɡz —smoggy adjective

Sustain / sostener sustain

ssupport
sə ˈsteɪn
sustain verb [transitive]
sustain|ed d 1make something continue to make
sustain|ing ɪŋ something continue to exist or
happen for a period of time
sustain|s z synonym maintain:

▪ He was incapable of sustaining

close relationships with women.
▪ the policies necessary to sustain
 economic growth
sustain somebody's
interest/attention/involvement
▪ She found it difficult to sustain the
children's interest.
▪ These low birth rates were
sustained for twenty years.
➔ sustained
2suffer formal to suffer damage, an
injury, or loss of money:
▪ Two of the fire-fighters sustained
serious injuries.
▪ Some nearby buildings sustained
minor damage.
▪ The company has sustained heavy
financial losses this year.
3food/drink formal to provide
enough food, water etc for people
to stay alive ➔ sustenance:
▪ They gave me barely enough food
to sustain me.
▪ Our planet cannot easily sustain
more than 6 billion people.
4 give strength formal to make
someone feel strong and hopeful:
▪ The thought of seeing her again
was all that sustained me.
5 weight formal to hold up
the weight of something synonym
support:
▪ He leant against her so heavily that
she could barely sustain his weight.
6 idea formal to support an idea
or argument, or prove that it is right:
▪ This argument is difficult to
sustain.
▪ There was very little evidence to
sustain his theory.
STUDY NOTE: Word family

sustenance noun sustainability

noun
sustainable adjective
unsustainable adjective
sustain verb
Toxic Químicos toxic ˈtɒks ɪk toxic adjective
chemicals / tóxicos containing poison, or caused by
toxins /toxinas ǁ  ˈtɑːks ɪk toxic|
 ally ə l‿i ˌ toxic ˈ poisonous substances ➔ toxin:
shock ˌ ▪ fumes from a toxic waste dump
toxic
syndrome chemicals/substances/fumes/gases
▪ Toxic chemicals were spilled
toxin ˈtɒks ɪn into the river.
§- ə n ǁ  ˈtɑːks  ▪a highly toxic pesticide
ə n toxin|s z —toxicity noun [uncountable and
countable]
▪ The metal has a relatively low
toxicity to humans.

toxin noun [countable]

a poisonous substance, especially
one that is produced by
bacteria and causes a particular
disease ➔ toxic
ventilation ventilación ventilation
ventilate verb [transitive]
ˌvent ɪ ˈleɪʃ  ə n
1 to let fresh air into a room,
-ə-, - ə l ˈeɪʃ- ǁ  building etc
ˌven t̬   ə l ˈeɪʃ  ə well-ventilated/poorly ventilated etc
▪ a well-ventilated kitchen
n 2 to pump air into and out of
someone's lungs, using a special
machine:
▪ Both patients are sedated and
ventilated.
3 formal to express your
opinions or feelings about
something:
▪ The important thing is to ventilate
your anger.
—ventilation noun [uncountable)
▪ a ventilation system
▪ artificial ventilation
Unclean air Aire
sucio
/contaminado