CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BIHAR

Assignment work on:

Methods Of Forest Conservation

Supriya Kumari
CUSB2103212009

MSESC2003C04 : Natural Resources and their

Management

Prof. Umesh Kr. Singh

Professor
Head, Department of Environmental Science
 CONTENT

Introduction…………………………………………. 1
Forest conservation & need…………………………. 2
Types & methods of forest conservation………….. 3,4,5
Other measures…………………………………….. 5,6
Role of government………………………………… 6
Another information………………………………….. 7
Conclusion……………………………………………. 7
Reference……………………………………………… 8
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Introduction

A forest is an area of land dominated by trees.These

green giants are essential for people,climate and wildlife.We can
not underestimate the importance of forests.

Forests are home to more than half of all species found on land,a
rich variety of life that keeps many of our most vital natural
systems running - from keeping our climate stable by absorbing
carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen ,to regulating our water
supply and improving its quality.

Over 1billion people live in and around forests and depend on

them for fuel ,food and medicines.And all of us use wood in our
daily lives,from the chair we sit on to the paper we use.

Unfortunately,human impacts have already led to the loss of

around 40% of world’s forests.And we are losing forests at very
rate.
After oceans, forests are the world’s largest storehouses of
carbon . Yet,despite our dependence on forests,we are still
allowing them to disappear.
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Forest conservation
Conservation means the steps taken for preservation and for
protection of things.Forest conservation does not mean the
denial of use,but rather the proper use without causing any
adverse effect on our economy and environment.It is the
practice of planning and maintaining forested areas for the
benefit and sustainability of future generations.

Need of forest conservation

 To maintain equilibrium in Eco-system.

Biodiversity is very important for the health of our
planet .When species are threatened and go extinct,it
disrupts the ecosystem.Forests provide perfect
environments for a wide variety of creatures.

 To prevent soil erosion and maintain soil fertility.

Soil erosion has dangerous consequences.It causes the
loss of fertile land,leads to increased pollution in streams
and rivers,and harms the animal population.Tree reduce
soil erosion by anchoring the soil with their roots.
 Forests are important part of the water cycle.
With their roots,trees pull water from the earth and
release it back into the atmosphere.Especially - large
forests create their own climate and can as trigger
rainfall. This is especially important in areas vulnerable
to drought.

 They regulate climate condition of a particular area.

 Forest watershed also provide clean drinking water,acting

as a natural water collection,filtration,and storage system.

 Providing habitat to more than half of the world’s land-based

species,providing food & medicines etc…
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 Types of conservation
Conservation can broadly divided into two categories:
I. In-situ conservation
II. Ex-situ conservation
In-situ conservation also refers to on-site conservation i.e.
conservation of resources in its natural habitat. It can be done
by declaring area as protected area.
Examples:- national parks,wildlife sanctuaries,biosphere
reserves.
Ex-situ (off-site) conservation of species outside their
natural habitats. Examples : botanical gardens,zoo etc….

Methods of Forest Conservation

The following techniques could be used for forest

conservation,which could eventually improve forested areas and
make the available resources sustainable:
1) Better farming practices
Slash and burn farming,overgrazing by cattle,shifting
agriculture are all farming practices that are harmful to the
environment and particularly to forests. Hence, this practices
must be kept under control.

2) Protection of forest
The existing forests should be protected.There are several
forest diseases resulting from parasitic fungi,viruses and
nematodes which cause the destruction of trees.So,it can be
protected either by use of chemical spray or by taking proper
care.

3) Proper utilization of forest products and forests

People tend to be more inclined towards the utilization of
natural resources rather than conservation therefore due
attention be directed towards proper utilization of forest
products.
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4) Regulated and planned cutting of trees

One of the main reason of deforestation is commercial
felling of trees.Although trees are considered as perennial
resources,when exploited on a large scale,their revival can not
be possible.
Therefore,cutting should be regulated by adopting methods
like:-
A. Clear cutting
B. Selective cutting,and
C. Shelter wood cutting
 Clear cutting methods is useful for those areas where the
same type of trees are available over a large
area.Therefore,trees of same age group can be cut down in a
selected area and then marked for replantation.
 In selective cutting only mature trees are selected for
cutting .This process is followed in rotation.
 Shelter wood cutting is where first of all useless trees are cut
down followed by medium and best quality trees.
The time gap between these cutting is helpful in
re-growth of trees.

5) Control over forest fires

Forest fires are the most common and deadly causes of loss
of forests,once started it becomes difficult to control.
They can start due to natural causes i.e,( by lightning or by
friction between trees during speedy winds)or by man either
intentionally or unintentionally.
Hence,precautions must be taken for such incidents.Making
fire lanes ,spreading chemicals to control fire,adopting latest
techniques of firefighting.

6) Checking forest clearance for urbanization

In the era of rapid urbanization and industrialization,clearing
of forest land leads to loss of forest cover.
Hence,strict policies should be in place,so as to avert
forest land encroachment.
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7) Reforestation & Afforestation

This should be our moral duty if we are cutting a tree,we
should grow a tree to replace and compensate the environment
for it.
Afforestation and reforestation projects can pursue the double
role for forest ecosystem.Afforestation (i.e.converting long-
time non-forested land into forest) refers to the establishment of
forests where previously there have been none while
reforestation refers to the replanting of trees on more recently
deforested land(i.e. converting recently non-forested land in
forest).

8) People’s participation in conservation of forest’s is of vital

important. So,we must get them involved in this national
task. Participation is often associated with community
forestry,planting trees along the roads,railway line etc…

9) Celebration of all functions,festivals should proceed with

tree plantation.

10) Forest Conservation Act,1980 should be strictly

implemented to check deforestation.
It targeted to limit deforestation,conserve biodiversity and
save wildlife.though this Act provides greater hope towards
forest conservation.As central permission is necessary to
practice sustainable agro - forestry in forest area.Violation or
lack of permit was treated as a criminal offence.

Some other measures can be taken to conserve forests

 Support NGOs/movements

NGOs like TREE Foundation,the nature conservancy,Center for

Biological Diversity,and Rainforest Action Network offset
deforestation and conserve threatened ecosystems around the
world. In the absence of effective and environmentally friendly
governance in many areas,NGOs provide important
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organizational and monetary support for a variety of

conservation efforts.

 Buy forest-friendly products

There is a need to use once purchasing power in a high impact

way to prevent deforestation.
Buying products that are certifies sustainable could help in
certain manner to conserve forests.
 Promoting value education on forests
Educate yourself about forests,their importance, and the threats
they face. The more you learn about these wonderful
ecosystems,the more you can appreciate their beauty,
complexity,and the critical role in our planets health, and
eventually make them more responsible.

 Role of government in forest conservation

Although the government of every country is very particular

about conservation of its forest resources and had several rules
and laws for protection of forests but,they are not implemented
in an effective manner.

Both national and provincial government can take some steps in

this direction, such as:-

 Pass act for the conservation of forests.

 Survey of the forest resources.
 Categorization of forest areas and proper delimitation of
reserved forest area.
 Find out the areas where reforestation can be done.
 Encourage forests development activities like social
forestry,agro-forestry etc…
 Develop national parks,sanctuaries etc…
 Prepare master plans,both for long-term & short-term
periods.
 Another information
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Miyawaki forestation method: It is a technique pioneered by

Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki,that helps us to build
dense,native forests It is a unique way to create an urban forest.
It is self -sustaining as it become maintenance free after the first
three years. This method involves planting of two to four trees
per square meter.
conclusion

Conservation of forest and forest resources can be done by

cooperative efforts of the government,non-government
organizations and the public,through a proper management
system.
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REFERENCE

1. Climate change and forests,( Streck o’Sullivan)

2. Environment(Shankar ias academy)
3. Climate-adapt.eee.europa.eu
4. www.yourarticle library.com
5. www.environmentalpollution.in
6. www.insightsonindia.com
7. https://explore.panda.org
8. https://www.worldwildlife.org