Citizen Response To A Violent Intruder: A L I C E

Citizen Response to a
Violent Intruder
A L
lert ockdown I nform C ounter E
vacuate
“Anywhere, Anytime, Any reason”

Are they prepared for when Today is not like
Yesterday?...
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
www.AliceTraining.com
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ALICE History
• Founded 2001
• Law Enforcement
• School Admin
Greg Crane Lisa Crane

Active Shooter Defined
• active shooter noun \ˈak-tiv\ \ˈshü-tər\
“is an individual actively engaged in killing or

attempting to kill people in a confined space or other
populated area. In most cases, active shooters use
firearms and there is no pattern or method to their
selection of victims”
- US Department of Homeland Security

Increased Frequency
“In the last four years, there has been a

nearly 150% increase in the number of
people shot and killed in connection with
active shooter incidents.”
- US Attorney General Eric Holder 10/21/2013

K-12 & Universities
It CAN happen anywhere . . . .
• COLUMBINE High School

• SANDY HOOK Elementary
• VIRGINIA TECH University
K-12 Schools
• CHARDON High School

Gov’t Agencies
• Washington Naval Yard

• Fort Hood
• Gabby Giffords
Government • “Going Postal”
Agencies

Work & Shop
• Aurora Theater Theater (Aurora, CO)

• Clackamas Mall (Happy Valley, OR)
Work/Shop
• Hartford Distributors (Manchester, CT)
• Accent Signage (Minneapolis, MN)
• EMCORE Corp (ALBUQUERQUE, NM)
The Speed of Violence
Columbine High School
Date: 4/20/1999
Injured: 24
Deceased: 13
Duration: 49 minutes

Virginia Tech
Date: 4/16/2007
Injured: 25
Deceased: 32

Sandy Hook Elementary
Sandy Hook
Date: 12/14/2012
Injured: 2
Deceased: 26
Duration: 5 minutes

Chardon High School
Chardon HS
Date: 2/27/2012
Injured: 3
Deceased: 3
Duration: <1 min
Frank Hall
Gabby Giffords
Date: 1/8/2011
Injured: 13
Deceased: 6
Duration: <2 min

Century 16 Movie Theater
Date: 7/20/2012
Injured: 58
Deceased: 12
Duration: <5 min

Hartford Beer Dist.
Date: 8/3/2010
Injured: 2
Deceased: 8
Duration: <7 min

Fort Hood
Date: 11/5/2009
Injured: 31
Deceased: 13

Accent Sign
Date: 9/27/2012
Injured: 3
Deceased: 6
Duration: <6 minutes

Location of Attacks (2000-2010)
Others
12%
Business
Business Outdoors
19%
Business
40%
School
Outdoors
is the most Others
frequent
location. School
29%
J. Pete Blair and M. Hunter Martaindale, “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010” (San Marcos, TX) Texas State University, 2013.
Why is Citizen Preparation
Necessary?
 25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a
national average for the response time of Law
Enforcement to an Active Killer scene.
 How long:

Why is Citizen Preparation
Necessary?
 25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a
national average for the average arrival
response time of Law Enforcement to an Active
Killer scene.
 How long:
5-6 Minutes
Benefit for Active Shooter
Aggressor is in Control
Aggressor can move Freely
-VS-
Occupants give up Control
Occupants Movements
Restricted
The Reality of Lockdown
Starting Point
while assessing options
Safety depends on the

Does not work if
shooters inability to
aggressor is in room
get through a door.
Overrides Assumes
Flight/Fight instinct everyone is in same
amount of danger
Incorrectly Police must Rescue

trains Freeze at worst
possible time before shooter enters room

Can a Single Strategy Fail???
ALICE is based on the premise that:
• information,
• authorization,
• empowerment,
• and training,
related to Survival Options,
are the key to surviving an
Active Shooter event.
We Have Three
NATURAL Responses
 Fight: Counter Strategies
 Flight: Evacuate
 Freeze: Lockdown (Secure-in-Place)
How should they rank?

Why did they STAY?

Why did they STAY?

The Lesson from Virginia Tech:
JUMPED &
STAYED DOWN
BARRICADED
Room 210 Room 206 - 14 Room 204 – 19 Room 200
No Class Present Present No Class
Killed – 10 Killed – 2
Wounded -2 Wounded - 3
Hallway – Killed 1
STAYED DOWN BARRICADED BARRICADED

AFTER 1ST TIME
Room 211 – 19 Room 207 – 13 Room 205 –
Offices Present 12 Present
Present
Killed – 12 Killed – 5 Killed – 0
Wounded - 6 Wounded - 6 Wounded – 0

A.L.I.C.E.
Common Sense, just not Common Knowledge
Alert
Lockdown
Inform
Counter
Evacuate
ALICE is NOT a linear, progressive response.

Alert
 Information is the key to good decisions
 Information should flow in all directions
 Provide as much initial intel as possible to as
many people as possible
 Use any and all available means: Texts, PA, Digital
Signage, Web, Twitter, Facebook, BELS, etc.
 May be your sensory inputs

ALERT needs to be of benefit to all…
Provide info, don’t issue commands.
Change
this…

ALERT needs to be of benefit to all…
Provide info, don’t issue commands.
To
How else will
THIS!
visitors know?

Lockdown
 Excellent starting point
 When should doors be locked?
 Before, During, or After?
 Locked doors provide a time barrier. Locks can, and
have been defeated.
 BARRICADE: The idea is to create a stronghold that

nobody can breach… BE A HARDER TARGET!
 Once Lockdown is in effect no one should be allowed

into a secure room under any circumstances. Only open
your locked door for uniformed police personnel.

Which is a more effective barricade
for a door opening out?

What training does:

Inform
 As real-time information as possible will be
provided by all means possible.
 Use this information to make single or

collective decisions as to the best option for
survival.
 Be flexible because the situation will be

dynamic and fluid

Counter
 Is it possible to interrupt the skill set needed to shoot
accurately?

Counter
INTERRUPT THE OODA LOOP!
You can survive contact with an armed intruder!!
 Police miss 70-80% of their shots in dynamic
events.
 The “bad guy” is not usually a highly skilled shooter.
 Engage in acts that will require very high skill level:

 Noise
 Movement
 Distance
 Distractions
Survival Tactics:
Skills beyond lockdown that should be provided:
 Barricading, Cover and

Concealment
 Evade/Escape
 SWARM
 Removing and Securing
the Weapon
 Contact with Law
Enforcement

Evacuate
 Only 2% of Violent Intruder events
have been by more than one person.
 If he is inside, you get outside.
 Cannot use car to evacuate
 Reunification points established

Why should “they” act?
If it is going to take an
aggressive act to stop the
killing, who do we hope
is committing this act
first?
Citizens and Police
Shooter
Source: NYPD, Active Shooter, Recommendations and

Analysis for Risk Mitigation. 2011

Research courtesy of Bill Barchers, www. hardtactics.com

Support for Proactive Response
Strategies and Options
DHS
Recommendations
• October 2008
• Known as the 3-Outs
Program
• Get Out
• Hide Out
• Take Out

IACP
Recommendations
• October 2009
• Do not have a one-size fits
all plan.
• Teachers choose to Evacuate
or Lockdown
• Authorize decisions to be
made
• Active Resistance is an
option

NYPD
Recommendations
Jan 2012, 2013

AL Gov and
Homeland Security
• February 2013
• Specifically names ALICE
and Run, Hide, Fight as an
official State
recommendations for AS
response plans.

Ohio Attorney
General and Safety
Task Force
Recommendations
• June 2013
• Lockdown does not mean
stand-alone defensive strategy
of Securing in Place
• Evacuate, Barricading,
Counter
• For Staff and Students
US Dept of Ed
REMS
Recommendations
• June 2013
• Has to be the end of
LOCKDOWN only as the
response plan for schools.

Questions?
Thank you and Stay Safe!
For more information or

host requests:
330-661-0106
www.ALICEtraining.com

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Citizen Response to a

“Anywhere, Anytime, Any reason”

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Greg Crane Lisa Crane

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 3

• active shooter noun \ˈak-tiv\ \ˈshü-tər\

“is an individual actively engaged in killing or

- US Department of Homeland Security

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 5

“In the last four years, there has been a

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 6

• COLUMBINE High School

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 7

• Washington Naval Yard

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 8

• Aurora Theater Theater (Aurora, CO)

Columbine High School

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Aggressor can move Freely

Safety depends on the

Incorrectly Police must Rescue

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 Freeze: Lockdown (Secure-in-Place)

How should they rank?

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STAYED DOWN BARRICADED BARRICADED

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 BARRICADE: The idea is to create a stronghold that

 Once Lockdown is in effect no one should be allowed

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 Use this information to make single or

 Be flexible because the situation will be

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

 The “bad guy” is not usually a highly skilled shooter.

 Engage in acts that will require very high skill level:

 Barricading, Cover and

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Citizens and Police

Source: NYPD, Active Shooter, Recommendations and

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved