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 5 BODE PLOT
 Bode plot is used to determine the frequency response of OLTF.
 Bode plot is used to determine the stability of CLTF by using
frequency response of OLTF like polar plot.
 Bode plot is used to find relative stability parameter (ωpc, ωgc, GM,
PM).
 Addition of pole and zero can be easily analyised with the help of
bode plot.
 Bode plot analyised for minimum phase system.

 MINIMUM PHASE SYSTEM

Illustration :-

G(s) = S+1 ( OLTF )

S(S+2)
jω

-2 -1 0

 Note :- All poles and zero should lie on left hand side of s plane.

 NON - MINIMUM PHASE SYSTEM

Illustration :-

G(s) = K S+1 ( OLTF )

S(S-2)

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 jω

-1 0 2

 Note :- Any one of pole and zero lie on R.H.S of s- plane

Bode plot for different OLTF :-

1. G(s) = 1
S
Put s = jω

G(s) = 1
jω

G(jω) = 1
ω

G(jω) = -90O

G(jω) = 20log 1 = -20logω

dB ω

ω -20logω
0.1 20
1 0
10 -20

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 Magnitude plot
G(jω)
dB

20dB A

-20dB/dec

0dB B ω(rad/sec)

0.1 1 10

-8dB

-20dB
C

Phase plot

G(jω)

0O ω(rad/sec)

90O

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 2. G(s) = 1
S2
Put s = jω

G(s) = 1
(jω)2

G(jω) = 1
ω2

G(jω) = -180O

G(jω) = 20log 1 = -40logω

dB ω2

ω -40logω
0.1 40
1 -40
10 -40

Magnitude

40dB A

-40dB/dec

0dB B ω
0.1 1 10

-40dB C

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 Angle

0O ω

-180O

 Conclusion :-

GH(s) Slope Angle

1/s -20dB/dec -90O
1/s2 -40dB/dec -180O
1/s3 -60dB/dec -270O
1/sN -20NdB/dec -N90O

3. G(s) = S

G(jω) = jω

G(jω) = ω

G(jω) = 90O

G(jω) = 20logω
dB

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 ω 20logω
0.1 -20 dB
1 0 dB
10 20 dB

Mangnitude

20dB C

0dB B ω(rad/sec)
0.1 1 10

-20dB A

Angle

90O

ω(rad/sec)
0O

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 4. G(s) = S2

G(jω) = (jω)2

G(jω) = ω2

G(jω) = 180O

G(jω) = 40logω
dB

Mangnitude

40dB C

0dB B ω(rad/sec)
0.1 1 10

-40dB

 Conclusion :-

GH(s) Slope Angle

s 20dB/dec 90O
s2 40dB/dec 180O
s3 60dB/dec 270O
sN 20NdB/dec N90O

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 5. G(s) = k
S
Put s = jω

G(s) = k
jω

G(jω) = k
ω

G(jω) = -90O

G(jω) = 20log k = 20logk -20logω

dB ω

CASE :- 1

K=1

G(s) = 1
S

G(jω)
dB

20dB A

-20dB/dec

0dB ωgc B ω(rad/sec)

0.1 1 10

-8dB

-20dB
C

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 CASE :- 2

K = 10

G(s) = 10
S

Magnitude

40dB A

20dB B

C ωgc ω(rad/sec)
0dB
0.1 1 10

6. G(s) = K
S2
Put s = jω

G(s) = K
(jω)2

G(jω) = K
ω2

G(jω) = -180O

G(jω) = 20log K = 20logK -40logω

dB ω2

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 CASE :- 1

K=1

G(s) = 1
S2
Magnitude

40dB A

-40dB/dec
ωgc
0dB B ω
0.1 1 10

-40dB C

CASE :- 2

K = 10

G(s) = 10
S2
Magnitude

60dB

-40dB/dec

20dB ωgc
ω(rad/sec)
0dB 0.1 1 10

-20dB

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  Conclusion :-

G(s) ωgc

K/s K

K/s2 K1/2

K/sN K1/N

 Bode plot for first order system

G(s) = 1
1+ST

G(jω) = 1
1+jωT

G(jω) = 1
√1+(ωT)2

G(jω) = - tan-1ωT

CASE :- 1 Low frequency region

ωT <<<< 1
ω <<<< 1/T

G(jω) = 1 =1
1+jωT

G(jω) = 1

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 G(jω) = 0
dB

G(jω) = 0O

CASE :- 2 High frequency region

ωT >>>>> 1
ω >>>>>1/T

G(jω) = 1 = 1
1+jωT jωT

G(jω) = 1
ωT

G(jω) = -20logωT
dB

G(jω) = -90O

Magnitude

0dB 1/T 2/T 10/T ω

A

-6.02dB B

-20dB D

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  Illustration :-

G(s) = 10 S
(1+S)(2+S)(3+S)

ωc1 = 1 rad/sec, ωc2 = 2rad/sec, ωc3 = 3rad/sec

Magnitude
0dB/dec

-20db/dec

0dB 1 2 3 ω

- 40dB/dec

-15.56

 Asymptotic Bode phase plot:-

1. G(s) = 1
1+S/ω0

G(s) = 1
1+jω/ω0

G(jω) = -tan-1ω/ω0

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 G(jω0) = -45O

(i) ω <<<<< ω0

G(jω) = 1

G(jω0) = 0O

(ii) ω >>>>> ω0

G(s) = 1
jω/ω0

G(jω0) = -90O

Angle

0.1ω0 ω0 10ω0 ω
0O

-45O

-90O

2. G(s) = 1
(1+S/ω0)2

G(jω) = 1
(1+jω/ω0)2

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 (i) ω <<<<< ω0

G(jω) = 1

G(jω0) = 0O

(ii) ω >>>>> ω0

G(s) = 1
( jω/ω0)2

G(jω) = -180O

G(jω) = -2tan-1ω/ω0

G(jω0) = -90O

Angle

0.1ω0 ω0 10ω0 ω
0O

-90O

-180O

3. G(s) = (1+S/ω0)

G(jω) = (1+jω/ω0)

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 (i) ω <<<<< ω0

G(jω) = 1

G(jω0) = 0O

(ii) ω >>>>> ω0

G(s) = jω/ω0

G(jω) = 90O

G(jω) = tan-1ω/ω0

G(jω0) = 45O

Angle

0O/dec
90O

45O

0.1ω0 ω0 10ω0 ω
0O

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