Referring to the figure or graph

t2
ΔV = V2 -V1 = ∫ adt = (AREA) a-t
t1

t2
ΔS = S2 – S1 = ∫ Vdt = (AREA) V-t
t1

V2
(AREA)V-t = V1 Δt + ∫ (t2 -t) dV
V1
But dv = adt :

t2
ΔS = (AREA) V-t = V1 Δt + ∫ (t2 – t) adt
t1

From CURVE, a-t :

t2
∫ (t2 – t) adt = (AREA)a-t t2
t1

Hence:

ΔS = (AREA) V-t = V1 Δt + (AREA)a-t t2

y= KXn

1 FOR RECTANGLE, n= 0 (ZERO DEGREE)

A = ------- (bh) FOR TRIANGLE, n = 1 (FIRST DEGREE)
n+1
FOR 2nd DEGREE CURVE, n = 2
_ 1
FOR 3rd DEGREE CURVE, n = 3
b = --------- (b)
n+1
SAMPLE PROBLEM:

1. A car starts from rest and comes to a stop ¼ mile away. If its acceleration and
deceleration are limited to 10 fps2 and 20 fps2 respectively, what maximum speed does
it reach if the elapsed time is to be as small as possible.

Given: Required: Vmax at tmin

S = ¼ mile

a = 10 ft/sec2

0 – Vmax = - 20 ft/sec2

Solution:

10 fps2

V t2 -20 fps 2 ta = time to accelerate from 0 to Vmax.

td td = time to decelerate from Vmax to 0.

T = ta + td.

S 2nd DEGREE SLOPE = 0

Slope decreasing ΔV = (AREA) a-t

Vmax – 0 = 10 fps2 ta : Vmax = 10 fps2

0 – Vmax = - 20 fps2 td Vmax = 20 fps2

2nd DEGREE, Smax = ¼ mile
INCREASING EQUATING: 10 ta =20 td

THUS, ta = 2 td
T
ΔS = (AREA) V-t = V1 Δt

1
ΔS = ---- Vmax (ta + td)
2

Vmax
SINCE ta = -------
10

Vmax
AND td = ------
20

1 Vmax Vmax
THEN ΔS = ---- Vmax (-------- + ---------)
2 10 20

1 1 1
ΔS = ---- Vmax (-------- + ---------)
2 10 20

3
ΔS = ---- Vmax2
40
40 1 5280 ft
Thus: Vmax = ( ------ΔS)1/2 , ΔS = ------- mi X ----------- = 1320 ft
3 4 mi

40
= ( ----- X 1320 ft )
3

132.7 ft 3600 sec mile

= --------------- X -------------- X ------------
Sec hr 5280 ft

mi
= 90.45 ---- , Ans.
hr
Check: 10 fps -20 fps
V1 = 0 Vmax Vf = 0

Sa, ta Sd, td
¼ mi

Sa = Vi + ½ ( 10fps2 ) ta2 = 5 ta2

2 ( 10 fps2 ) Sa = V max 2 – Vi 2 = Vmax2

Sd = Vmax td + ½ (-20 fps 2 ) td2

Sd = Vmax td – 10 td 2

2 (-20 fps2 ) Sd = Vf 2 = Vmax2

- 40 Sd = - Vmax2

Vmax2 = 40 Sd

But Vmax2 = 20 Sa

Thus, 40 Sd = 20 Sa 0r Sa = 2 Sd

Sa + Sd = ¼ mi X 5280 ft = 1320 ft
mi
substituting Sa by 2 Sd,

2 Sd + Sd = 1320 ft = 3 Sd

Sd = 440 ft,

Sa = 2 (440 ft) = 880 ft

Substituting Sd below

Vmax = (40 Sd)1/2

= (40 X 440) ½

= 132.66 ft X mile X hour

sec 5280 ft 3600 sec
= 90.45 mi/hr, Ans.