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Physical Pharmacy Answer Key-PINK PACOP
Physical Pharmacy Answer Key-PINK PACOP
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
For nos. 71 – 74, use the diagram below to answer the question
W Z
Liquid
Vapour Pressure
Solid
X
Gas
Y
Temperature
I
Data:
A = 18%
B = 28%
B C C = 53%
A D
Temperature (°C)
D = 68%
II
0 20 40 60 80 100
77. Determine the amount of component X (water) and component Y(Phenol) needed in preparing 50g of a
system that would contain 28% by weight phenol and 72% by weight water
A. 4 g water and 1 g phenol
B. 28 g phenol and 72 g water
C. 40 g water and 10 g phenol
D. 72 g phenol and 28 g water
78. What will be the weight of phenol and water to be used in a 75g system containing 53% by weight of phenol
and 47% by weight of water
A. 3 g water and 7 g phenol
B. 22.5 g water and 52.5 g phenol
C. 53 g phenol and 47 g water
D. 47 g phenol and 53 g water
79. In preparing a 100g system containing equal portions of water and phenol, how much will be the required
amount of each component?
A. 36 g water and 64 g phenol
B. 50 g water and 50 g phenol
C. 64 g phenol and 36 g water
D. 9 g phenol and 16 g water
For nos. 80 – 87 use the following diagram
I R
Data:
R = 75%
A = 60%
B = 100%
C = 50%
Temperature (°C)
II III
35 D = 100%
A B E = 40%
F = 100%
27
C D
E
20 F
G
IV
15 H
20 40 60 80 100
Thymol in Salol (% by weight)
80. In the diagram which region represents the region where both components are present as pure solid phases
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
81. Which region is composed of solid salol and its conjugate liquid phase
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
82. This is the region which represents the solid thymol and its conjugate liquid phase
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
83. This is the region in which both thymol and salol will be present as a single liquid phase
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
84. What will be the weight of thymol and salol at 35°C to be sued in a 75g system containing 75% by weight of
phenol and 25% by weight of salol?
A. 50 g salol and 25 g thymol
B. 25 g salol and 50 g thymol
C. 47 g salol and 28 g thymol
D. 28 g salol and 47 g thymol
85. What will be the weight of thymol and salol at 27°C to be used in a 75g system containing 75% by weight of
phenol and 25% by weight of salol?
A. 50 g salol and 25 g thymol
B. 35 g salol and 35 g thymol
C. 25 g salol and 50 g thymol
D. 40 g salol and 30 g thymol
86. What will be the weight of thymol and salol at 20°C to be used in a 75g system containing 75% by weight of
phenol and 25% by weight of salol?
A. 50.5 g salol and 24.5 g thymol
B. 24.5 g salol and 50.5 g thymol
C. 31.25 g salol and 43.75 g thymol
D. 43.75 g salol and 31.25 g thymol
87. What will be the weights of thymol and salol required to prepare a 75g system at eutectic point
A. 45 g salol and 30 g thymol
B. 30 g salol and 45 g thymol
C. 25 g salol and 50 g thymol
D. 50 g salol and 25 g thymol
88. The heat involved in the complete oxidation of 1 mole of a compound at 1 atm pressure is known as
A. Heat of Condensation
B. Heat of Fusion
C. Heat of Vaporization
D. Heat of Combustion
89. This is a condition where in heat is neither lost nor gained during a reaction
A. Adiabetic
B. Isothermal
C. Isobaric
D. Reversible
90. A reaction where in temperature is held constant
A. Adiabetic
B. Isothermal
C. Isobaric
D. Reversible
91. Which law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its immediate surroundings
remain constant during any operation
A. 1st Law
B. 2nd Law
C. 3rd Law
92. Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero
because the crystal arrangement mush show the greatest orderliness at this temperature
A. 1st Law
B. 2nd Law
C. 3rd Law
93. This law of thermodynamics is concerned about the entropy and spontaneity of a system
A. 1st Law
B. 2nd Law
C. 3rd Law
94. This is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degree
A. Enthalpy
B. Molar Heat of Fission
C. Molar Heat Capacity
D. Molar Heat of Combustion
95. The heat required to increase the internal energy and to perform work of expansion
A. Enthalpy
B. Molar Heat of Fision
C. Molar Heat Capacity
D. Molar Heat of Combustion
96. These are any molecules which are associated with the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light
A. Phosphorescence
B. Chromophore
C. Photoluminescence
D. Fluorescence
97. A molecule that initially absorbs ultraviolet light to reach an excited state and then emits ultraviolet or visible
light in returning to ground state is generally manifesting the process known as
A. Phosphorescence
B. Chromophore
C. Photoluminescence
D. Fluorescence
98. This is defined as a mixture of two or more components that form a homogenous molecular dispersion
A. System
B. True Solution
C. Mixture
D. Colloidal Dispersion
99. This is defined as a bounded space or a definite quantity of substance that is under observation and
experimentation
A. System
B. True Solution
C. Phase
D. Colloidal Dispersion
100. This is a distinct homogenous part of a system separated by definite boundaries from other parts of the
system
A. System
B. True Solution
C. Phase
D. Colloidal Dispersion
101. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about colloidal dispersions
I. The dispersed particle are having size intermediate to that of a true solution and coarse dispersion
II. May be considered as a two-phase system in certain conditions
III. May be considered as a one-phase system in certain conditions
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
102. This are properties which are dependent on the total contribution of each component in a system
A. Additive
B. Colligative
C. Constitutive
D. Extensive
103. This are properties which are dependent on the arrangement and to a lesser extent on the number and kind
of atoms within a molecule
A. Additive
B. Colligative
C. Constitutive
D. Extensive
104. This is a property of a system which depends on the quantity of the matter present in a system
A. Additive
B. Intensive
C. Constitutive
D. Extensive
105. This is/are example(s) of intensive properties
I. Temperature
II. Volume
III. Density
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III
E. I, II and III
106. Which of the following is/are example of colligative properties of substances
I. Osmotic Pressure Elevation
II. Vapor Pressure Lowering
III. Freezing Point Elevation
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I, II and III
107. Which of the following is/are example(s) of an additive property of a system
I. Refractive Index
II. Solubility
III. Mass of a solution
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
108. Which of the following is an example of an extensive property of a system
A. Density
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. Volume
109. This concentration expression gives the measure of the relative proportion of moles of each constituent in a
solution
A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Normality
D. Mole Fraction
Given a 0.2 M solution of NaCl (MW = 58.5) in water (MW = 18) with a specific gravity of 1.45
A buffer solution was prepared by mixing 0.25M CHOONa and 0.125 HCOOH (pKa=3.75)
Rx
Apomorphine HCl 2.5%
Ephedrine SO4 4.0%
NaCl q.s
Water q.s
Signa: Make a 200ml isotonic solution
1% solution of Fp (°C)
Apomorphine HCl 0.03
Ephedrine SO4 0.05
150. Determine how much NaCl should be used to prepare the prescription
A. 0.56 g
B. 0.85 g
C. 0.20 g
D. 0.37 g
151. Compute for the amount of dextrose (E=0.21) that would be necessary to make a gallon of a 5% solution of
ephedrine sulfate (E=0.13) isotonic
A. 9.5 g
B. 25 g
C. 45 g
D. None of the above
Rx
ZnSO4 1%
NaCl q.s
Purified H2O q.s 60 ml
152. How much NaCl is needed to make an isotonic solution? (E value for ZnSO 4 = 0.15)
A. 0.45 g
B. 0.54 g
C. 0.60 g
D. 0.75 g
153. If boric acid is to be used to adjust the tonicity of the solution, how much of this should be used (E value of
boric acid = 0.20)
A. 0.45 g
B. 1.54 g
C. 2.25 g
D. 0.75 g
Rx
Ingredient X 0.5 (Ingredient X)
NaCl q.s MW 300
Purified H2O ad 60 ml i Factor 1.4
The concentration of formaldehyde remaining after 180 min., expressed as the volume of the gas, was 5 ml
from an initial volume of 60 ml
A suspension is to contain 3.5g per two tablespoon full of a drug. The solubility of the drug is 250mg/100ml.
The 1st order rate constant for the drug degradation was given as 3.5 x 10 -4 per hour
180. Compute for the zero-order rate constant
200. This is characterized as a stable structure consisting of air pockets enclosed within thin film of liquid
A. Aerosol
B. Foam
C. Detergent
D. Antifoaming agent
201. Which of the following statement is true?
I. When the contact angle is 180°, wetting is complete
II. When a liquid has a high contact angle on a solid surface, it is said to have a high spreading coefficient
III. Wetting agents are surfactants having an HLB of 7 to 9
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. I, II and III
202. A liquid will rise in a capillary tube when the contact angle is
I. Greater than 0° but less than 90°
II. Greater than 90° but less than 135°
III. Greater than 90° but less than 180°
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
203. The degree of adsorption of a gas by a solid depends on which of the following
I. Chemical nature of the adsorbent
II. Surface area of the adsorbent
III. Partial pressure of the gas
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
204. Desorption the reverse process of adsorption and which is possible only in physical adsorption may take
place in a gas-solid system when
I. Temperature is increased and pressure lowered
II. Temperature is lowered and pressure increased
III. Both temperature and pressure were lowered
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
205. In adsorption at solid interface the material which is adsorbed is referred to as the
A. Adsorbate
B. Adsorbent
C. Absorbent
D. Eluate
206. This is defined as the difference in potential between the actual surface and the electroneutral region of the
solution
A. Zeta potential
B. Nernst potential
C. Newton potential
D. Langmuir potential
207. Defined as the difference in potential between the surface of the tightly bound layers and the electroneutral
region of the solution
A. Zeta potential
B. Nernst potential
C. Newton potential
D. Langmuir potential
208. Which of the following has a practical application in the stability of systems containing dispersed particles
affecting the degree of repulsion between adjacent, similarity charged, dispersed particles
A. Zeta potential
B. Nernst potential
C. Newton potential
D. Langmuir potential
209. When the electrokinetic potential is lowered to a certain value, which of the following will take place
I. Repulsive forces exceeds the attractive forces resulting to a well dispersed system
II. Attractive forces exceeds the repulsive forces resulting to the flocculation of particles in solution
III. There will be an equilibrium between the attractive and repulsive forces of the system
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
210. This is/are characteristics of colloidal dispersions
I. Particle size less than 1nm (mµ)
II. Particles not seen by ordinary microscope, but can be visible in electron microscope
III. Can pass through a filter paper but do not pass through semipermeable membrane
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
211. This is a dispersion characterized to have a particle size of less than 1 nm, invisible to electron microscope
and would pass through a semipermeable membrane
A. Lyophilic dispersion
B. Molecular dispersion
C. Coarse dispersion
D. Colloidal dispersion
212. This is/are true statements about lyophilic colloids
I. It is a system containing particles that interact to an appreciable extent with the dispersion medium
II. Most of the dispersed particles are organic in nature
III. A material that forms a lyophilic colloidal system in one liquid may not do so in another
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
213. This is/are properties associated with lyophobic colloids
I. It is a system containing particles that have negligible attraction with the dispersion medium
II. Most of the dispersed particles are organic in nature
III. A material that forms a lyophilic colloidal system in one liquid may not do so in another liquid
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
214. This is a type of colloidal system which is unstable to the addition of small amounts of electrolytes
A. Lyophilic colloids
B. Lyophobic colloids
C. Association colloids
D. Amphiphilic colloids
215. This is an example of an optical property of colloid
A. Brownian movement
B. Faraday-Tyndall effect
C. Sedimentation
D. Zeta potential
216. This is/are example(s) of kinetic properties of colloids
I. Diffusion
II. Brownian motion
III. Sedimentation
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III
217. This involves the movement of charged particle through a liquid under the influence of an applied potential
difference
A. Electrophoresis
B. Electroosmosis
C. Sedimentation potential
D. Streaming potential
218. This involves the movement of liquid through a plug or membrane across which a potential is applied
A. Electrophoresis
B. Electroosmosis
C. Sedimentation potential
D. Streaming potential
219. This involves the forcing of liquid to flow through a plug or bed of particles which results in the formation of
a potential
A. Electrophoresis
B. Electroosmosis
C. Sedimentation potential
D. Streaming potential
220. This is the measure of the protective property of colloids which stabilizes a hydrophobic colloid
A. Schulze-Hardy number
B. Gold number
C. Sedimentation potential
D. Zeta potential
221. Particle size may be measured using an arbitrarily chosen fixed line. Which of the following is a measure of
the distance between two tangents parallel to some fixed direction
A. Feret diameter
B. Martin diameter
C. Projected area diameter
222. It is the diameter of a circle with the same areas as that of the particle observed perpendicular to the
surface on which the particle rests
A. Feret diameter
B. Martin diameter
C. Projected area diameter
223. This is taken as the length of a line that bisects a particle
A. Optical microscopy
B. Sieving
C. Coulter counter
D. HIAC/Royco counter
224. This is a method of particle size determination using the principle of light blockage
A. Optical microscopy
B. Sieving
C. Coulter counter
D. HIAC/Royco counter
225. This is a method of particle size determination using the principle of electrical resistance
A. Optical microscopy
B. Sieving
C. Coulter counter
D. HIAC/Royco counter
226. The ration of the void volume to the bulk volume is
A. Liquidity
B. Bulkiness
C. Porosity
D. Viscosity
227. This is known as the volume of the spaces between particles
A. Void volume
B. Bulk volume
C. True volume
A powder was determined to have a density of 4.57g/cm 3, weighing 125g it was found to have a bulk volume of
78 cm3 when placed in a 100ml graduated cylinder
I II III IV
G G G G
F F F F
238. Which of the following diagram shows the rheogram of a pseudoplastic system
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
239. Which of the following diagram shows the rheogram of a plastic system
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
240. Which of the following diagram shows the rheogram of a dilatant system
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
241. Which rheogram represents the Newtonian system of flow
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
242. The resistance of fluid to flow is called
A. Liquidity
B. Bulkiness
C. Porosity
D. Viscosity
243. This are substances which requires the application of stress which must overcome the yield value in order
for flow to occur
I. Plastic
II. Bingham Bodies
III. Gels
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I and III
244. A type of flow in which the bulk of the system expands in response to an increase in shear stress
A. Pseudoplastic
B. Dilatant
C. Thixotropic
D. Rheopectic
245. Viscosity of a pseudoplastic substance decreases with
A. Increasing shear rate
B. Decreasing shear rate
C. Increasing time
D. Decreasing time
246. This is also known as the “shear thinning system”
A. Pseudoplastic
B. Dilatant
C. Thixotropic
D. Rheopectic
247. An isothermal and comparatively slow recovery of a consistency lost through shearing
A. Elasticity
B. Thixotropy
C. Plasticity
D. Viscosity
248. This is a type of flow system in which the rheogram presents with a hysteresis loop
A. Pseudoplastic
B. Dilatant
C. Thixotropic
D. Plastic
249. Gels and magmas when standing form semisolids and on shaking become fluid are said to be
A. Pseudoplastic
B. Thixotropic
C. Plastic
D. Rheopectic
250. The following statement(s) is/are true for an emulsion
I. Thermodynamically stable system
II. Consists of at least two immiscible liquid phases
III. The dispersed phase is stabilized by a surfactant
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. II and III
251. Generally, medicinal emulsions for oral administration are usually of what type
A. w/o emulsion
B. o/w emulsion
C. w/o/w emulsion
D. Microemulsion
252. This explains the separation of layers in an emulsion
A. Cohesive forces are stronger than adhesive forces
B. Adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive forces
C. Cohesive and adhesive forces are in equilibrium
D. Cohesive forces is equal to zero
253. Complete miscibility is achieved when
A. Cohesive forces are stronger than adhesive forces
B. Adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive forces
C. Adhesive forces is equal to zero
D. Cohesive forces is equal to zero
254. This type of emulsion represents a state intermediate between thermodynamically stable solubilized
solutions and a thermodynamically unstable form
A. w/o emulsion
B. o/w emulsion
C. w/o/w emulsion
D. Microemulsion
255. This is/are example(s) of methods for determining types of emulsions
I. UV Fluorescence Test
II. Dye Solubility Test
III. Sedimentation Test
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. II and III
256. This is a method of preparing emulsion which utilizes the concept of phase inversion from w/o to o/w
emulsion
A. English method
B. Continental method
C. Forbes bottle method
D. In situ soap method
276. This is the density determined by the displacement of mercury, which does not penetrate at ordinary
pressures into pores smaller than 10µm
A. True density
B. Granule density
C. Bulk density
277. Molecular weight is an example of what property
A. Colligative
B. Constitutive
C. Additive
D. Extensive
278. Which of the following is/are classified as an example(s) of constitutive property
I. Optical rotation
II. Density
III. Mass
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I, II and II
279. Law of Heat Summation
A. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
B. 1st Fick’s Law
C. Hess’ Law
D. Dalton’s Law
280. The fastest order of reaction to decompose, since according to its differential rate of expression, it is
independent of the remaining concentration of the drug after decomposition
A. Zero
B. Pseudo-First
C. First
D. Second
281. This type of solution has a solute concentration equivalent to its limit of solubility
A. Unsaturated
B. Saturated
C. Supersaturated
282. Ascorbic acid is the least stable of all vitamins. Its instability is via this reaction
A. Photolysis
B. Hydrolysis
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
283. Method of adjusting the tonicity of a solution to conform that of the blood and lacrimal fluid based on the
use of calculated volume V values when the weight of the drug is 0.3g followed by the dilution of this solution
with an already isotonic usually buffered solution to the appropriate volume
A. Cryoscopic
B. Sprowls
C. White-Vincent
D. NaCl equivalent
284. Equation used for the determination of the buffer capacity of solution
A. Van Slyke equation
B. Vant Hoff’s equation
C. Freundlich equation
D. Langmuir equation
285. Maximum buffer capacity can be observed in a buffer solution when
I. pH equals pKa
II. pH lesser than pKa
III. pKa greater than pH
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I, II and III
286. A group which donates a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent link between itself and the central
ion having an incomplete electron shell
A. Metal substrate
B. Chromophore
C. Ligand
D. Chelate
287. The suppression of a property or reaction of a metal without the removal of that metal from the system
A. Stabilization
B. Sequestration
C. Coordination
D. Sensitization
288. Type of complexation involved in the formulation of Warfarin sodium USP
A. Clathrate formation
B. Monomolecular inclusion
C. Channel lattice type
D. Chelation
289. Type of complexation involved in Starch-Iodine Complex
A. Clathrate formation
B. Monomolecular inclusion
C. Channel lattice type
D. Chelation
289. A group which donates a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent link between itself and the central
having an incomplete electron shell
A. Metal substrate
B. Chromophore
C. Ligand
D. Chelate
290. The suppression of a property or reaction of a metal without the removal of that metal from the system
A. Stabilization
B. Sequestration
C. Coordination
D. Sensitization
291. Type of complexation involved in the formulation of Warfarin sodium USP
A. Clathrate formation
B. Monomolecular inclusion
C. Channel lattice type
D. Chelation
292. Type of complexation involved in Starch-Iodine Complex
A. Clathrate formation
B. Monomolecular inclusion
C. Channel lattice type
D. Chelation
293. Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for anti-foaming agents
A. 1 – 3
B. 3 – 8
C. 8 – 16
D. 16 – 18
294. Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for W/O emulsifying agents
A. 1 – 3
B. 3 – 8
C. 8 – 16
D. 16 – 18
295. The upward movement of dispersed droplets relative to the continuous phase
A. Sedimentation
B. Coalescence
C. Creaming
D. Aggregation
296. Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for O/W emulsifying agents
A. 1 – 3
B. 3 – 8
C. 8 – 16
D. 16 – 18
297. The force on the solution side of the membrane which prevents the movement of solvent molecules on the
opposite side of the membrane
A. Cohesive forces
B. Adhesive forces
C. Osmotic pressure
D. Interfacial forces
298. The electrode from which the anions are repelled
A. Cathode
B. Anode
299. These is/are true statements of the Kinetic Theory of Gas
I. Gases are in rapid, random motion, moving at high velocities in curved lines
II. Collisions of gas molecules are completely elastic
III. Molecules are far apart with negligible volume even at high pressure
A. I only
B. II only
C. II, III only
D. I, II, III
300. The expression of the relation between the volume of gas and the absolute temperature is known as
A. Charles’ Law
B. Boyle’s Law
C. Gay-Lussac’s Law
D. Henry’s Law