Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering

And Technology

ASSIGNMENT
OF
Renewable Energy Sources

Submitted by: - Submitted To: -

Pranat inder handa (GCS-18) Kiranjeet Kaur

Reg. No.1930055
Q1. Give Introduction To Wind Energy And Basic
Principles Of Wind Energy Conservation.

Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low
pressure. In fact, wind exists because the sun unevenly heats the surface of the
Earth. As hot air rises, cooler air moves in to fill the void. As long as the sun
shines, the wind will blow. And wind has long served as a power source to
humans. Ancient mariners used sails to capture the wind. Farmers once used
windmills to grind their grains and pump water. Today, more and more wind
turbines wring electricity from the breeze. Over the past decade, wind turbine
use has increased more than 25 percent per year. Still, it only provides a small
fraction of the world's energy.

The wind is a clean, free, and readily available renewable energy source. Each
day, around the world, wind turbines are capturing the wind’s power and
converting it to electricity. Wind power generation plays an increasingly
important role in the way we power our world – in a clean, sustainable manner.

But how is wind energy created? Wind turbines allow us to harness the power
of the wind and turn it into energy. When the wind blows, the turbine's blades
spin clockwise, capturing energy. This triggers the main shaft of the wind
turbine, connected to a gearbox within the nacelle, to spin. The gearbox sends
that wind energy to the generator, converting it to electricity. Electricity then
travels to a transformer, where voltage levels are adjusted to match with the
grid.

Wind energy is energy from moving air, caused by temperature (and therefore
pressure) differences in the atmosphere. Irradiance from the sun heats up the
air, forcing the air to rise. Conversely, where temperatures fall, a low-pressure
zone develops. Winds (i.e., air flows) balance out the differences. Hence, wind
energy is solar energy converted into kinetic energy of moving air.

Wind Energy Converters (WECs) - or short: wind turbines - capture the air flow
by converting it into a rotational movement, which subsequently drives a
conventional generator for electricity.

Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two
or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main
shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity. Click on the image to see an
animation of wind at work. Wind is a form of solar energy and is a result of the
uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's
surface, and the rotation of the earth, The terms wind energy or wind power
describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power
or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as
grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical
power into electricity.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION

1. The Nature of Wind

The circulation of air in the atmosphere is caused by the non-uniform heating of

the earth’s surface by the sun. The air immediately above a warm area expands,
it is forced upward by cool, denser air which flows in from surrounding areas
causing wind.

The nature of the terrain, the degree of cloud and the angle of the sun in the sky
are all factors which influences this process.
2. The Power in Wind

Wind possesses energy by virtue of its motion. Any device capable of slowing
down the mass of moving air, like a sail or propeller, can extract part of the
energy and convert is into useful work.