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35. A= [ 21 −13 ]
I − A=
[ 10 01]−[ 21 −13 ]=[−1
−1 −2 ]
1
[
( I − A )−1 = −1 1
−1 −2 | 1 0
0 1 ]
−F 2+ F 1
−1 1
0 3 [ | 1 0
1 −1 ] [ |
−3 F1 + F 2
3 0
0 3
−2 −1
1 −1 ]
[ |
F 1 /3 1 0
F 2 /3 0 1
−2/3 −1/3
1/3 −1/3 ]
[
( I − A )−1 = −2/3 −1/3
1/ 3 −1/3 ]
36. A= [−34 23]
I − A=
[ 10 01]−[−34 23]=[−44 −2
−2]
[ −4 −2 0 1]
( I − A ) = 4 −2| 1 0
−1
F 2+ F 1
[ 4 −2 1 0
0 −4 1 1 | ]
−2 F1 + F 2
[−8 0 −1 1
0 −4 1 1 | ]
F 1 /−8
F 2 /−4 [ |
1 0
0 1
1/8 −1/8
−1/ 4 −1/4 ]
[
( I − A )−1 = 1 /8 −1/8
−1/4 −1 /4 ]
[ ]
a 0 0
38. Si A= 0 b 0 , donde a,b,c≠0, demuestre que:
0 0 c
[ ]
1/a 0 0
−1
A = 0 1/b 0
0 0 1 /c
[ | ] [ | ]
a 0 0 1 0 0 F1/ a 1 0 0 1/ a 0 0
A−1= 0 b 0 0 1 0 F2/ b 0 1 0 0 1/ b 0
0 0 c 0 0 1 F3/ c 0 0 1 0 0 1 /c
−1
A × A =I
[ ][ ][ ]
a 0 0 1/a 0 0 1 0 0
0 b 0 × 0 1/b 0 = 0 1 0
0 0 c 0 0 1/c 0 0 1
39.
inversa es única].
A= [ 13 24 ] B=[ 42 31 ]
A =
−1
[ 3/2
−2 1
−1/2 ] [
−1
B =
−1/2 3 /2
1 −2 ]
3 4 [ ][ ][
2 1 20 13 −5 2 ]
A × B= 1 2 × 4 3 = 8 5 ( A × B )−1= 13/4 −3 /4
[ ]
B× A= [ 42 31] × [ 13 24]=[135 208 ]
( B× A )−1= [−5/4
2 −5
13 /4 ]
1 [
B−1 × A−1 = −1/2 3 /2 × −2
−2 ][
1 = 13 /4 −3/4
3/2 −1 /2 −5 2 ][ ]
−1 −1 −1
( A × B) =B × A
[ 13/4
−5 2 ][
−3 /4 = 13 /4 −3/4
−5 2 ]
−1 −1
(B × A )( A × B)=I
[ 13/4
−5
−3 /4
2 ][
×
8 5
20 13
=
1 0
0 1 ][ ]
[ 10 01]=[ 10 01]
B. Si:
−1
A =
[ 13 24 ] B =[ 11 12]
−1
−1
A ×B =
−1
[ 13 24 ]× [ 11 12]=[37 115 ]
A= −2
[1 B= −2 −1
3/2 −1/2 −1 1 ] [ ]
A × B=
[ −2
3/2
1
−1 /2
×
][
−2 −1
−1 1
=
−5 3
7 /2 −2 ][ ]
( A × B )−1= 4 6[
7 10 ]
B× A= [−2 −1
−1 1 ] ×[
−2
3/2
1
−1 /2
= ][
−11 /2 5/2
7 /2 −3/2 ]
( B× A )−1= 3 5
7 11[ ]
[
( A × B )−1= 4 6
7 10 ]
−1 −1 −1 −1
A × B =( B × A ) ≠ ( A × B )
relación si:
A= 1 2
3 4 [ ]
A =
T
[12 34 ] ( A ) =[−21 −1/2
T −1 3/2
]
=[ ] A ) =[
1 −1/2 ]
−1 −2 1 ( −2 3 /2
−1 T
A
3/2 −1/2
−1 T
( AT ) =( A−1 )
[−21 ][
3 /2 = −2 3/2
−1/2 1 −1/2 ]
41. Una matriz P se dice que es ortogonal si P–1=PT. ¿La matriz P= [
1 3 −4
5 4 3 ]es
ortogonal?
[
P= 3 /5 −4 /5
4 /5 3/5 ]
−1
P =
[−43 /5/5 43/5/5]
T
P =
[−43/5/5 4 /5
3 /5 ]
Si es ortogonal porque P–1=PT
| |
3 x 2x
0 x 99 =60
0 0 x−1
( 3 × x × x−1 )−( 0 × x ×2 x )=3 x ( x−1 ) =603 x 2−3 x−60=03 ( x 2−x−20 ) =0
3 ( x+ 4 )( x−5 )=0 x +4=0 x−5=0x=−4 x=5
[ ]
3 2 3 5
A= 0 −1 6 4
0 0 4 4
0 0 0 −1
[ ]
3 2 3 5
2 A=2 0 −1 6 4
0 0 4 4
0 0 0 −1
[ ]
6 4 6 10
2 A= 0 −2 12 8
0 0 8 8
0 0 0 −2
1
42. Suponga que A es una matriz cuadrada de orden 5 y | A|= . Sea B la
2
[ ]
1 2 3 2 5
0 −1 6 3 5
1 9 8
A= 0 0
1
0 0 0 6
2
0 0 0 −1
0
| A|=( 1 ) (−1 )( 1 ) ( 12 )(−1)= 12
[ ]
1 2 3 2 5
0 −1 6 3 5
7 63 56
B= 0 0
1
0 0 0 6
2
0 0 0 −1
0
[ ]
1 2 3 2 5
0 −1 6 3 5
7 63 56
2 B=2 0 0
1
0 0 0 6
2
0 0 0 −1
0
[ ]
2 4 6 4 10
0 −2 12 6 10
2 B= 0 0 14 126 112
0 0 0 1 12
0 0 0 0 −2
| A|≠ 0.
1
| A−1|=
| A|
A=
[ 42 35 ]
[ 20 −13 ]
| A|=( 2 ) (−1 )=−2
[ ]
−5 3
−1
A = 2 2
2 −1
[ ]
−5 3
2 2
1
0
5
| A−1|= ( )( )
−5
2
1 −1
5
=
2
1
| A−1|=
| A|
−1 −1
=
2 2
A= 2 7
1 5 [ ]
[ ]
2 7
3
0
2
| A|=( 2 ) ( 32 )=3
[ ]
5 −7
| A |= 3
−1 3
−1 2
3 3
[ ]
5 −7
3 3
1
0
5
|A−1|= ( 53 )( 15 )= 13
44. Si la matriz A tiene orden 4*4 y | A|=2 encuentre los valores de:
a. |3 A|
[ ]
1 2 3 5
0 −1 6 4
A=
0 0 2 4
0 0 0 −1
[ ]
1 2 3 5
0 −1 6 4
3 A=3
0 0 2 4
0 0 0 −1
[ ]
3 6 9 15
0 −3 18 12
3 A=
0 0 6 12
0 0 0 −3
b. |− A|
[ ]
1 2 3 5
− A=−1 0 −1 6 4
0 0 2 4
0 0 0 −1
[ ]
−1 −2 −3 −5
0 1 −6 −4
− A=
0 0 −2 −4
0 0 0 1
| A−1|= 1
2
{
x+3 y +2 z=0
x +cy + 4 z=0
2 y +cz=0
[ |]
1 3 2 0
1 c 4 0
0 2 c 0
[ |]
F2↔ F3 1 3 2 0
0 2 c 0
1 c 4 0
[ | ]
1 3 2 0
F 3−F1 0 2 c 0
[ |]
0 c1−33 2 02
( )
F 3−
c−3
2
F2
0 2 c
2
0
0
4−c +3 c
0 0 0
2
{
x +3 y+ 2 z=0
2 y +cz =0
2
4−c + 3 c
z=0
2
4−c 2 +3 c
z=0
2
2
4−c +3 c =0
2
4−c +3 c =0
(c 2−3 c −4)=0
( c−4 )( c +1 )=0
c−4=0 c +1=0
c=4 c=−1