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    Living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are polysaccharides, which are polymers composed of sugar building blocks. There are two types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, which are single sugars, and polysaccharides, which are polymers of sugars that have storage or structural roles in living things. Lipids are not considered macromolecules because they do not form polymers like carbohydrates and proteins.

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    Note 18 Jan 2021 (2)

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    Living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are polysaccharides, which are polymers composed of sugar building blocks. There are two types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, which are single sugars, and polysaccharides, which are polymers of sugars that have storage or structural roles in living things. Lipids are not considered macromolecules because they do not form polymers like carbohydrates and proteins.

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    5 views2 pages

    Are 0 Of: Up Biological They Form Polymers

    Uploaded by

    lillia
    Living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are polysaccharides, which are polymers composed of sugar building blocks. There are two types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, which are single sugars, and polysaccharides, which are polymers of sugars that have storage or structural roles in living things. Lipids are not considered macromolecules because they do not form polymers like carbohydrates and proteins.

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    of 2

    10101

    lecture one
    Living things aremade up of four classes of large biologicalmolecules
    carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids Lipids are NOTmacromolecules
    they don't form polymers
    0 0 00 6
    Polymers
    longmolecule of repeated monomers

    0
    Macromolecules Largemolecules polymers
    Monosaccharides
    Composed of thousands of covalently connected Monomers
    thebuilding
    block
    units of polymers O
    Monomers

    condensation Dehydration reaction HydrolysisPolymers breakintomonomers when a


    monomersbondwhentheylose a watermolecule H2O watermolecule is added
    synthesizing polymers bonding polymers if e
    um sa
    Ho H Ho H Ho H
    shortpolymer Yunlinkedmonome longpolymer H2o add a water
    takeoutwatermolecule
    H Ho dehydrate y molecule

    Ho H Ho H
    Ho H unlinkedmonome
    shortPolymer
    Long polymer

    DISACCHARIDES
    carbohydrates sugars polymers of sugars When a dehydration reactionjoins 2
    Carbohydrate macromolecules are polysaccharides
    monosaccharides
    ofsugarbuildingblocks
    polymers composed
    Glucose Glucose Maltose
    Glucose 1fructose Sucrose
    4 114 Aldose Aldehydesugars ketoses ketonesugars
    Trioses
    cnooo Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone
    Esterifies
    Ribose Ribulose
    c 18 Glucose Galactose fructose
    POLYSACCHARIDES MONOSACCHARIDES
    Polymers ofsugars which have storage structural
    roles
    singlesugars simplest formof carbs
    Molecularformula's are usually multiples
    Thearchitecture function are determined by of CHZO
    Glucose CGH206is themostcommon
    Sugarmonomers
    Positions ofglycosidic
    linkages
    Majorfuel forcells raw material for
    1 StoragePolysaccharides buildingmolecules
    1 Starch
    foundin PlantsConsistofglucose monomers classifiedby
    Plantsstore glucoseas starchgranules within
    e s
    chloroplasts 4 Plastid Location of carbonyl Number of carbons
    AmyloseSimplestform group in carbonskeleton

    d
    2 Glycogen Aldose ketose
    foundinanimals Whencarbonylsare When carbonyls are in
    Stored mainly in liver musclecells atthe end the middle
    Hybrids release glucosewhensugardemands Ex H O H
    increase
    c
    l H d OH
    H C OH c O
    H E OH H d OH
    2 Structural Polysaccharides H H

    1Cellulose 3 carbons Triose


    major component oftoughwall of Plants 5 carbons Pentose
    polymerofglucose glycosidic linkages differ
    difference based on alpha s beta to carbons Hexose
    Thedifference between starch Microbes that use enzymes
    3 cellulose to digest cellulose have symbiotic
    Starch4glycogen are helical d relationshipswithherbivores
    Microbes andherbivores benefit
    Cellulose
    is straight 1unbranched B
    Why can'thumansdigest cellulose
    Because enzymes that
    digest in linkages
    humans can't digest linkages B

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