Bentayao, Celine Kate G.

BSME 3A

AME 3L EXPERIMENT 5

To perform speed control of DC motor by using Ward- Leonard Method of

speed control

AIM

To perform speed control of DC motor by using Ward-Leonard Method.

Draw the graph between armature voltage and speed of motor.

THEORY

Introduction

In the ward-leonard method, the speed control of D.C. motor can be

obtained by varying the applied voltage to the armature. In this method
M is the main D.C. motor whose speed is to be controlled, and G is a
separately excited D.C. generator which is driven by a 3-phase induction
motor. The combination of ac driving motor and the dc generator is
called the motor-generator set.

Speed control by varying armature resistance

The speed of a D.C. motor is directly proportional to the back e.m.f and
inversely to the net flux per pole Ф,If brush contact drop is neglected i.e

N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
Where,

N = Speed in rpm
V = voltage applied across armature circuits
Ra = armature resistance, this includes the series field and interpole
winding resistance if in circuit.
Ia = armature current,
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

K = a constant

Thus, the speed of a D.C motor may be varied by either of the following
adjustments:

1. Changing the flux per pole Ф, by varying the field current,

2. Changing external resistance in the armature circuit,
3. Changing the applied voltage V.( Ward-Leonard speed control
method )

Ward-Leonard System:

This system is used where unusually wide and very sensitive speed
control is required as for colliery winders, electric excavators, elevators
and the main drives in steel mills and blooming and paper mills. M1 is
the main motor whose speed control is required. The field of this motor is
permanently connected across the dc supply lines. A dc or an ac motor
M2 directly coupled to generator G. The motor M2 runs at an
approximately constant speed. The output voltage of G is directly fed to
the main motor M1.

In this method the variable voltage to be applied to the motor armature is

obtained from an additional separately excited d.c generator, and the
motor under control is also run as a separately excited motor. The above
equation shows that if the motor excitation is constant and the applied
voltage V is varied the speed will be almost directly proportional to the
armature voltage.

The system can more be adapted for forward as well as reverse operation
of the motor by changing the polarity of the voltage applied to its
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

armature. This condition can be achieved by reversing the direction of

the field current of the separately excited variable voltage generator.

The variable voltage generator in Ward Leonard system is driven by a

constant speed 3- phase induction motor.

If the constant voltage d.c power for excitation is not available otherwise,
the same may be obtained from a constant voltage exciter coupled with
the auxiliary motor-generator set. The direction of the field current of the
variable voltage generator may be reversed by anyone of the following two
methods.

1. By providing a reversing switch in the field circuit

2. By connecting two potentiometer rheostats across generator field
across the movable terminals.
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1. Equivalent circuit of ward leonard method.

Graph:

In the plotted graph speed is directly proportional to armature voltage.

Figure 2. Armature voltage speed characteristics

Advantages of using ward-Leonard method

Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

1. A very large range of speed variation is possible.

2. The direction of rotation may be easily reversed by reversing the

generator field current.

3. The control is affected through the generator field circuit, which is

current circuit.

4. The speed regulation is good.

5. Overall-efficiency, is though poor, is still much higher than that

obtained in armature voltage control using series resistance.

Drawbacks of ward-leonard method

1. Higher initial cost due to use of two additional machines of the same
rating as the main dc motor.
2. Larger size and weight.
3. Requires more floor area and costly foundation.
4. Frequent maintenance is needed.
5. Lower efficiency due to higher losses.
6. The drive produces more noise.
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

PROCEDURE

Step 1

In the circuit shown below are placed all the components, i.e. MCB
Switch, DC Supply, Starter, Voltmeter, RPM Meter, Auto-transformer, DC
Generator Field Resistance, Induction Motor, DC Generator, DC Motor.

Make the connections by connecting the dots as follows:

1. Connect points A1, B1, C1 of MCB Switch to input points A2, B2,
C2 of Auto-transformer respectively.
2. Connect output points E1, F1, G1 of Auto-transformer to points E2,
F2, G2 of Induction Motor respectively.
3. Connect point D1 of DC Supply with point D2 of Starter.
Connect point K1 of DC Supply with points M1, K2 of DC
Generator, and point L1 of DC Motor.
4. Connect point H1 of Starter with point H2 of DC Generator Field
Resistance and I1 of DC Motor.
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

Connect point J1 of Starter with point J2 of Voltmeter and with

point I2 of DC Generator.
5. Connect point I2 of DC generator with point M2 of DC motor.
Connect point M1 of DC generator with point N1 of DC motor.
Connect point N2 of DC generator with point O1 of DC Generator
Field Resistance.
6. Connect point L1 of DC Motor with point L2 of Voltmeter.
Connect point L2 of Voltmeter with point M1 of DC generator.

If the wire is misplaced, click the node number to reattach the nodes'
wire.

From To

A1 A2

B1 B2

C1 C2

D1 D2

E1 E2

F1 F2

G1 G2

H1 H2

H1 I1

J1 J2

J1 I2

K1 K2

K1 L1

L1 L2
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

L2 M1

K1 M1

I2 M2

M1 N1

N2 O1

Step 2 Click on “Check Connection” button to check the correctness of

the connections.
Step 3 If the connections are not correct, you can click on “Reset” button
to again make all the connections
Step 4 If the connections are correct, then
Turn “ON” the MCB Switch.
The DC Supply and Starter are turned ON.
Step 5 Double click on the Auto Transformer. The DC Generator Field
Resistance, Voltmeter, DC Motor will be turned ON.
Step 6 Now, slide the slider of the DC generator Field Resistance.
The speed of DC Motor will be controlled by it.
The readings of Voltmeter and RPM Meter will be shown in the box
above.
Step 7 To create a table, click on the button “Add Values”.
Step 8 Live Graph will be created when values are added in the table.
Step 9 You can print the page by clicking on the button “Print this
Page”.
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A

SIMULATION
Bentayao, Celine Kate G. BSME 3A