Abalos, Camila F.

BSHM - 1-A

1. Who is Kalantiaw?
- Datu Kalatiaw, who authored the Code of Kalantiaw, the country's first legal code, in 1433,
was previously regarded as a significant figure in Philippine history. Filipinos, notably
Visayans, regarded him as the third head of Panay.

2. Code of Kalantiaw
- The System of Rajah Kalantiaw, which is alleged to have been penned in 1433 by datu
kalantiaw, a chief on the Philippine island of Negros, is a purported legal code found in
the epic history maragtas.

3. Features of Kalantiaw
- The first time Kalantiaw's name was printed was in a piece titled "Civilización prehispanic"
that was printed in the Philippine newsmagazine Renacimiento Filipino in July 1913. It also
listed 16 laws King Kalantiaw passed in 1433, including information about a fort he built in
Gagalangin, Negros, that was destroyed by an earthquake in the year A.D. 435 (not 1435).
José Marco's article Resea Historica de la Isla de Negros was authored by Manuel Artigas,
who had also contributed the footnotes a year earlier.

4. What happen to kalantiaw life?

- Kalantiaw was honored in December 1967 when the Philippine Navy acquired the World
War II destroyer ship USS Booth from the United States and recommissioned her as RPS
Datu Kalantiaw.

5. Is kalantiaw true or Hoax?

- Many historians today think that the code was a hoax and that it was actually written in
1913 as part of Jose E. Marco's historical book Las antiguas Leyenda de la Isla de Negros,
which he claimed was written by a priest by the name of Jose Marco.

SUMMARY OF KALANTIAW

- Due to his creation of the Code of Kalantiaw, the country's first legal code, in 1433,
Datu Kalantiaw was previously regarded as a significant figure in Philippine history.
Filipinos, especially those from the Visayas, regarded him as the third head of Panay.
For decades, he served as a fierce source of pride for the Filipino and Visayan
peoples, but historian William Henry Scott disproved his veracity in his doctoral
thesis, Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine
History, turning the formerly legendary historical figure into a fictional Filipino
character or urban legend.
 History

- Kalantiaw's name first appeared in print in July 1913 in an article entitled

"Civilización prehispana" published in the Philippine news magazine Renacimiento
Filipino. The article mentioned 16 laws enacted by King Kalantiaw in 1433 and a fort
that he built at Gagalangin, Negros, which was destroyed by an earthquake in the year
A.D. 435. The article was written by Manuel Artigas who, only a year before, had
provided the footnotes to an essay by José Marco, Reseña historica de la Isla de
Negros.

One of the documents was a two volume leather bound treatise called Las Antiguas
Leyendes de la Isla de Negros, purportedly written by a Friar José Mara Pavón in
1838 and 1839. Six translated texts that date from before the advent of the Spaniards
in the Philippines may be found in part 1's chapter 9, including the Code of
Kalantiaw. In 1614, a Panay datu is said to have found the original Code while in his
custody. It was purportedly possessed by a Don Marcelio Orfila of Zaragoza in 1839,
the year that Pavón wrote his book. Robertson delivered a paper on the Kalantiaw
Code to the California-based Panama-Pacific Historical Congress on July 20, 1915,
and in 1917 he produced an English translation of the document.

The code was translated into Spanish and published in 1917 by the historian Josue
Soncuya, who also wrote about it in his book Historia Prehispana de Filipinas.
Because the text had two Aklanon words rather than Hiligaynon, Soncuya reasoned
that the Code had been created for Aklan. Later versions of Soncuya's translation
included the phrases Aklan and Panay Island.

The Kalantiaw Code was a part of Gregorio Zaide's 1949 book, Philippine Political
and Cultural History, which was given the subtitle "Aklan, Panay." Digno Alba wrote
in his book Paging Datu Kalantiaw in 1956 that the Datu had established his
administration in Batan and made it the sakup of Aklan's capital. On December 8,
1956, this was unveiled.

Executive Order No. 234 designating the location as a national shrine was approved
by President Ramon Magsaysay on February 11, 1957. The Philippine Historical and
Cultural Society turned an old schoolhouse in the community into the Kalantiaw
Shrine, where the Kalantiaw Code was later brass-inscribed.

Aftermath
 The Filipino society was not immediately impacted by William H. Scott's exposé.
President Ferdinand Marcos established the "Order of Kalantiaw" on March 1, 1971,
as a reward "for services to the country in the fields of law and justice." On the
alleged anniversary of the Code that same year, a beauty contest winner was crowned
"Lakambini ni Kalantiaw," and Carlos Valino Jr. painted Kalantiaw giving his
commands. Additionally, on January 24, 1973, Marcos signed Presidential Decree
No. 105, which proclaimed the sacredness of the Kalantiaw Shrine and all other
national shrines. The order forbade all desecration, including "unnecessary noise and
conducting unseemly acts," and, like Kalantiaw's Code, the punishment was severe:
"imprisonment for not less than ten years or a fine, not less than ten thousand pesos."
"The NHI called for the official affirmation that the Kalantiaw Code is a twentieth-
century fraudulent work by Jose Marco, the President of the Philippines cease to
honor retiring Supreme justices and other international dignitaries with the "Order of
Kalantiaw," and the revoking of Executive Order 234, which declared the
municipality of Batan, Province of Aklan as a national shrine. This NHI resolution
was approved by the Office of the President in 2005 and taken int

The Code of Kalantiaw and the datu/chieftain who is said to have enacted these rules
are still held by some Filipinos, both scholars and non-scholars. All ancient written
laws of the Filipinos were lost, with the exception of the Code of Maragtas and the
Code of Kalantiaw, both from Panay Island, according to Dr. Raul Pangalangan, dean
of the college of law at the University of the Philippines, who spoke at an
international conference on "The Philippine Judicial System" in 2001.
Congresswoman Aurora Cerilles mentioned the signing of the Code of Kala in the
Philippine House of Representatives 2nd Regular Session in August 2008.

Impact on Filipino literature, arts, and culture

Filipinos have embraced Kalantiao's persona as a part of their legacy despite and
because of his lack of authenticity, leaving a lasting impression on their lives.

On the entablature of the Senate Session Hall, which survived the widespread
destruction of the Battle of Manila in February 1945 and has largely been restored to
its pre-War state, Kalantiao is depicted alongside 13 other sculptures of renowned
historical lawmakers & legislators of the world inside the National Museum of the
Philippines.

The "Order of Kalantiao" ceased to be an honor as a result of President Gloria

Macapagal Arroyo's 2003 signing of Executive Order 236 that consolidated the
 existing Philippine honors system. The Order of Kalantiaw was nevertheless listed as one
of the Honors of the Philippines in the Executive Order's Implementing Rules and
Regulations.
A significant hazing episode that occurred in September 2001 involved the "Order of
Kalantiao" at Central Philippine University in Iloilo. In 1989, the National Historical Institute
also paid tribute to Kalantiaw by putting him in volume 4 of their five-volume collection of
historical writings about Filipinos. Filipino-American community leadership is recognized
with the "Kalantiaw Award" by the Gintong Pamana Awards Foundation, a Philippine Time
USA Magazine endeavor. Visitors can still visit the Kalantiaw Shrine in Batan, Aklan, or
even stroll past the nearby high school Kalantiaw Institute. Buildings, streets, and banquet
halls all around the Philippines still hold the name of the fabled Panay ruler.

Alagad ni Kalantiao, a film starring Lito Lapid, is one such example. Mga Alagad ni
Kalantiao, a fantasy television series, was shown on the GMA Network in 1986. It was about
three people, each of whom had a rod that, when arranged into a triangle, transforms them
into superheroes.