Ravioli Ravioli, Dame La Formuoli.

1 Simple Harmonic Motion.

1 ω
f= = (1)
T 2π
1
T = = 2πω (2)
f
2π
ω= = 2πf (3)
T

x = xm cos(ωt + ϕ) (4)

v = − ωxm sin(ωt + ϕ) (5)

a = − ω 2 xm cos(ωt + ϕ) (6)

For a phase constant ϕ = 0,

v
v = − ωxm =⇒ − ω = (7)
xm
a
a = − ω 2 xm =⇒ − ω 2 = (8)
xm

2 Spring System.

F = ma = m(− ω 2 xm ) = − (mω 2 )x (9)

Hooke’s Law: Fs = −kx (10)

r
m
k = mω 2 =⇒ ω = (11)
k
1
E = U + K = kx2m (12)
2
1
3 Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillators.
3.1 Simple Pendulum

The Restoring Torque: τ = − L(Fg sin θ) = Iα (13)

mgL
Angular Accelaration: α = − θ (14)
I
For small amplitudes:
r
mgL
ω= (15)
I
s s
I L
T = 2π = 2π (16)
mgL g

I = mr2 = mL2 (17)

3.2 Physical Pendulum

s
I
T = 2π (18)
mgh

Parallel-Axis Theorem: I = Ic + M h2 (19)

Figure 1: Some rotational inertias.

2
3.3 Torsion Pendulum

Figure 2: A TORSION PENDULUM is an angular version of a linear simple harmonic oscillator. The
disk oscillates in a horizontal plane; the reference line oscillates with angular amplitude θm .The twist in the
suspension wire stores potential energy as a spring does and provides the restoring torque.
r
I
T = 2π (20)
κ

4 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion.

Damping Force: Fd = − bv (21)

−bv − kx = ma (22)

In this case, the amplitude, which is xm ebt/2m , decreases exponentially

with time.

x = xm ebt/2m cos(ω ′ t + ϕ) (23)

r
k b2
ω′ = − (24)
m 4m2

3
 √
If the damping constant is small b ≪ km, then ω ′ ≈ ω, where ω is the
angular frequency of the undamped oscillator. For small b, the mechanical
energy E of the oscillator is given by:
1
Damped Energy: E ≈ kx2m e−bt/m (25)
2

5 Waves.
1 ω
f= = (26)
T 2π

y(x, t) = ym sin(kx − ωt) (27)

2π
k= =⇒ kλ = 2π (28)
λ
ω λ
ν= = = λf (29)
k T