3 COMPLEX

NUMBERS 3.1
3.2

Learning objectives
A!er completing this unit you should be able to:
● Express a complex number in exponential form → pages 23–26
● Multiply and divide complex numbers in exponential form → pages 26–29
● Understand de Moivre’s theorem → pages 29–32
● Use de Moivre’s theorem to derive trigonometric identities → pages 32–36
● Know how to solve completely equations of the form − a − ib = 0,
zn
giving special attention to cases where a = 1 and b = 0 → pages 37–42
Sample material. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. © Pearson 2020.

Prior knowledge check

π π
z = 4 + 4i√3 and w = 2 (cos __ + i sin __).
__
1
6 6
Find:
a |z| b arg(z) c |zw| d arg(zw)
z z
| |
e __
w f arg(__
w) ← Further Pure 1 Sections 1.5, 1.6
The relationships between
2 f(z) = z4 + 4z3 + 9z2 + 4z + 8 complex numbers and
trigonometric functions allow
Given that z = i is a root of f(z) = 0, show all the roots of
electrical engineers to analyse
f(z) = 0 on an Argand diagram. ← Further Pure 1 Section 1.4
oscillations of voltage and
3 Use the binomial expansion to find the n4 term in the current in electrical circuits
expansion of (2 + n)9. ← Pure 2 Section 4.3 more easily.

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