Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica

Cultura de la lengua inglesa

L,M,V – M6

M.A. CHRISTOPHER ISIS GEORGE ZUNIGA

Nombre Matricula Carrera

Matthew Agüero Carrera 1864050 IMF

Bruno Israel Bazaldúa 1819811 IMF

Sánchez.

Jesús Eduardo Rodriguez 1796305 IMF

Flores

1880967 IMTC
Antonio Salvador Nelli
Beltrán

1857490 IMTC
Kevin Sebastian Medina
Rodriguez

Jasir Lopez Vergara 1942701 IMTC

Gustavo Alberto Luna Pérez 1869632 IAS

1963963 ITS
Angel Hazael Moreno Huerta

1806479 IME
Erick Mauricio Guerra
Izaguirre
Introduction

Most of us go through our day without thinking and analyzing everything that we are
using and asking, where did it come from and how was it made? If we ask and
research about this, we can see that almost all this technology goes back to the time
when the Industrial Revolution took place. One of the biggest technology developer
countries is the United Kingdom. In this paper, we researched about the most
important innovations the UK has brought to this world.

Low-Cost Device that Efficiently Diagnose COVID-19 Through

Saliva Analysis

A new device has been developed that with a sample of your saliva it can give you, in
just one hour, an analysis result. This device can be programmed to detect the
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants.

This new study is led by James Collins, a professor at the Institute of Medical and
Engineering Sciences of MIT. The results obtained showed that this device is more
efficient than the PCR proves, which requires more time and a bigger hardware.

The new device can be used to detect specific viral mutations in relation to variants of
SARS-CoV-2 currently in circulation.

The focus of the study is in the United Kingdom coronavirus variants, but it can be
adapted to detect the Delta variant and others that could be discovered in the future.

The device produces a reading that can be observed with detail, the researchers
developed an app that can read and send the studies to the public health departments
to facilitate the monitoring. They believe the device could be manufactured with a cost
between 2 or 3 dollars per piece. If it is approved by the FDA and is produced in large
quantities foresee this diagnostic could be useful for the people that are looking to
make a diagnostic in their own house and for the medical centers without access to
PCR proves or genetic secuenciation for other variants.
How does this invention impact Mexico?
In the context of our country Mexico the invention is wonderful for all the reasons that
we said before, the low cost, the small size and the practicality will allow us to have
them anywhere.

3D Knitting Machine
The 3D knitting machine is a loom designed to weave tridimensional estructures. This
new invention developed by the engineer Oluwaseyi Sosanya weaves silicone and
thread weaving the warp and the weft in different heights and then tying them. The
revolutionary tridimensional textiles structures are used in different applications like to
make sportswear, surgical dressing or implants.

The concept of this machine was developed by the engineer while he was a student
at the Royal College of Art, were he worked closely with the technician designer
Sophie Zajicek. There he learned to weave a loom traditionally. They explored
tridimensional textile structures produced by traditional techniques, including
honeycomb fabrics. They got more inspired when they visited the Huddersfield Textile
Center of Excellence Yorkshire, where Zajicek got in contact with technologically
advanced material in fabrics. Sosanya explained he was interested in producing
materials in only one process, keeping the same properties as commonly used
materials in sportswear, for example. This is what led him to investigate the structure
of high impact garments similar to bulletproof ones made of several tissue layers of
UHMWPE. The weaving machine has the effects of a one woven structure.

It was possible to create this machine by using electrical and computational

techniques, also in the production process of the machine, it was necessary the use
of mechanical techniques.
How does this invention impact Mexico?
This invention is recent, for that reason is not available in Mexico at the moment, but
this does not mean it can change our country in the future because the possibilities
that the machine offers us are very important for the innovation and the benefits t o
develop different types of fabrics like the used in the bulletproofs for example.

In Mexico, this invention can be used to manufacture high end garments and footwear
for athletes or soldiers. Another benefit is that it can reduce the manufacturing time
and cost.

The LCD screen

In 1888 Firedrich Reinitzer discovered the liquid crystalline nature of the colesterol
extracted from carrots, with that, it began the history of LCD. In 1992 George W. Gray
published “Molecular Structures and properties of liquid shards”.

In 1973 Peter Brody, J. A. Adars and G. D. Dixon proved the first TFT LCD screen and
the next year they developed the first active matrix LCD screen implementing TFT
transistors.

The LCD screens were introduced to the market in 1971 and in 1985 the Matsushita
Electric company began to manufacture the flat LCD screen with a size and resolution
small enough to incorporate them in laptops.

In 1984 the Thomson central laboratory developed the first color LCD monitor and in
1988 a Sharp company team led by T. Nagayasu presented a 14” full colored LCD
screen. These days the high quality LCDs employ TF active matrix screens.

How does this invention impact Mexico?

In Mexico the LCD screens had a big repercussion due to its great use in any area
like, entertainment, watching TV programs, or like a work tool using that technology
on computer monitors. LCD screens have contributed too much for the versatility of
them, and are cheaper over time, because of this, people have more access to them.

The Sewing Machine.

In 1800 the people didn't have enough money to buy clothes, in addition to that date,
the clothing stores were unusual because the clothes were hand made. The families
sewed pants, shirts, shoes and dresses with thread and needle until Elias Howe
invented the first practical sewing machine in 1846.
In 1846 a sewing machine wasn't a new idea, the first patents were documented in
England, Austria, United States and France in 1755, 1819, 1826 and 1830
respectively, and the first ones were created for industrial applications.

In 1755 the American inventor Charles T. Wiesenthal designed and patented a double
needle sewing machine to improve the process, eliminating the need to turn the needle
a little in each stitch. Henry Lye from Philadelphia got a patent in March 1826 to sew
leather, but there isn't any regist to know certainly the beginning of that sewing
machine.

In 1830, Bartolomé Thimonnier of Saint Etienne in France used a double needle with
base for the first sewing machine implementing a rod to the driving wheel to move the
needle from top to bottom for practical use .

In 1834 the American Walter Hunt designed a double thread sewing machine and in
1849 he presented the security barrette.

Elias Howe was born in Spencer Massachusetts on June 10th, 1819. When he finished
his education, he started to work as a machinist. He heard about sewing machines
while working in Boston with Ari Davis who was in charge of repairing measuring
instruments.

The people tried to develop a device in 50 years or more in the United States and in
other parts of the world without any success, but with 5 years of hard work and
dedication on april of 1845 the first automatic sewing machine was created.

Their developers were presented as a warning at the patents office on september 22

of 1845 and it was until May 17 of the next year when the patent was granted.

In 1851, Isaac Merritt Singer, a machinist from Boston, Massachusetts, introduced

the first sewing machine small enough so that it could be used at home. The patent
was published on May 30, 1854. Although the first Singer sewing machines were
based on the idea of Howe, later the stiff arm and a vertical bar, that could keep the
cloth against the movement of the ascending needle, were patented.

During the 1850 decades, many companies were growing. This began a battle of
who had the control of the sewing machine. However, Howe sued these companies
and won. In 1856, a group made by Singer, Howe, Wheeler-Wilson, and Grover-
Baker, was formed.

These four companies combined their patents, which means that anyone who wanted
to make the sewing machine, needed to pay $15 and a licence for each machine. This
lasted until 1877, when the last patent expired. At that moment, Singer Singer
developed the continuous sewing machine and founded Singer Sewing Machine
Company. Which became one of the biggest producers of sewing machines. The first
domestic electric sewing machine made by Singer was introduced in 1889.

How does this invention impact Mexico?

The sewing machine is one of the many technological advancements that arrived in
Mexico at the middle of the XIX century, thanks to the technology career that took
place all around the world, and that contributed to the arrival of one of the biggest
transformations in the world: the Industrial Revolution. Its most mature appearances
are found in the Porfiriato (1876-1910). This invention modified the clothes making
technique, which were handmade. This new technique affected many families that
were dedicated to this old process and the knowledge of garment production. In the
same way, the introduction of these machines made symbolic changes in the dress
code and on the publicity companies. So, the study of the benefits of this invention
does not let us get a better approach and comprehension of the social and
technological phenomenon that took place in Mexico.

The appearance of the sewing machine and the evolution of the textile process branch
brought various changes that could be seen on a day to day basis of a mexican
habitant. With this impressive invention, the name Singer was brought up frequently,
one of the biggest companies of the sewing machine world in the XIX and XX century.
These machines went worldwide and this helped to transform the way to make
garments that, in that time, were handmade. The evolution of this process changed
the traditional ways of production that, in Mexico, were intact since de prehispanic era.
Thanks to this success, the first department stores, sewing workshops, and tailor
houses were made.

The light switch

A device that any person in a dark room would use. The first secure and quick
commutation was invented by John Henry Holmes in 1884 on Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
The old light switches formed an electric arch that could create sparks or it could sting
someone when activated. Also, it could damage the mechanism, reducing its lifetime.
Holmes' design was developed to separate the contacts quickly, solving this problem.
It is still being used all around the world even until this day.
How does this invention impact Mexico?
In any household, office or any other basic common room, we can find a light switch.
The objective of a light switch is to divert or interrupt the electric connection. It can be
as simple as turning the light on or off, like a common automatic transfer selector.

Everyday we use these devices without even being conscious about it, but did you
know which are the most common light switches on the market? We now present to
you the most demanded light switches at the hardware store, but there are infinite
types of switches for each connection.

The light switches at our household not only cover its basic use of turning on and of
lights, it also works aesthetically. Lately, this aspect is very important in our homes.
Nowadays it’s simpler to adapt your household to the style that goes best with you,
even when talking about light switches.

Pee Power

A new investigation has been carried out by the University of the West of England
Bristol with the help of Oxfam. They are trying to prove the ability of urine to generate
electric power. The researchers have installed a urinal near one of the bars that are
heavily crowded by hundreds of students.

It is easy to understand the functioning of the “Pee-Power” prototipe. With the help of
the pee, a microbial fuel cell (MFC), a type of battery, generates the necessary
energy to light up the installation.

The director of the Bioenergy Center in the UWE Bristol, professor Ioannis
Ieropoulos, leads the investigation. «We are proving that this form of electric power
works», he assures as well as the university’s official website. Let's not forget that
these same researchers were in many headlines back in 2013 when they generated
electric power from urine for the first time. With this invention, they were capable of
charging a Samsung phone battery.

The economic and sustainable aspects of this invention are reviewed by the
professor Ieropoulos and Andy Bastable, they stated that the cost of the micro fuel
cells is a little bit over one euro, and that for 800 euros they could instal one “Pee-
Power” urinal.

How does this invention affect Mexico?

A similar system is available in Mexico, it also works with the help of urine and it can
produce electrical energy. It requires a small electric current which by electrolysis
allows the urine to separate into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. This first element
is used as biogas.

The Mexican invention indicates that the adult urine is enough to completely charge
the cell and provide gas for one week in a house of four persons, including basic
necessities like cooking and warming the bath water.
Conclusions

- Angel Hazael Moreno Huerta

We researched a lot of inventions which most of them I had no idea they existed. We
tried and chose the most interesting ones for this investigation. I noticed that the UK
has a lot of innovations that were very interesting to me. Their technology and ideas
eventually get to the rest of the world.

- Bruno Israel Bazaldúa Sánchez.

In this investigation we see a lot of the United Kingdom innovations, the ones we
researched on were very interesting and in many cases some of this founded the
bases for future inventions. With the passage of time, different people in other
countries develop other devices with different characteristics but with the same central
idea. I think that for that reason it is important to know the scientific advances, because
we could use the information or the creativity process to develop a new device or idea.
In this case we see how the people improve with the weaving machine in different
periods of time and places and how the different ideas could be integrated to see better
devices or ideas to solve or satisfy different problems.

- Jesús Eduardo Rodriguez Flores 1796305

To sum up, we can observe that the United Kingdom has played a significant role in
the engineering branch. We can see so many impulses and discoveries made by this
country. So many pioneers and inventions that we now use on our day to day basis to
improve our life and technology. Because of this, we need to recognize the United
Kingdom as a protagonist of engineering development. Today we can see some of
these inventions as basic or not so important, but we need to acknowledge its origins
and historical context since they give a big value to the history of engineering.

Lastly, this activity helped me realize how important English culture is in different
countries and the variety of inventions have been made by the English engineers and
how these impact our life.

- Gustavo Alberto Luna Pérez 1869632 IAS

For me, the LCD screens could be an evolution to the old analog screens. I think this
since they have so much to offer and a better quality. This creates a better experience
when working with this machine, making them more efficient.
With this information taken into account, we can conclude that the LCD screens can
be used in various ways. It only depends on the user's imagination. This type of screen
can be used not only in screens and monitors, they also have applications on
smartphones, which is the most common piece of technology since basically everyone
in this world has one. We can say that without the LCD screens we could not have
some of the tools that we use daily.

- Matthew Agüero Carrera 1864050 IMF

There is a big impact in the invention that I researched about. For example, nowadays
it is very common to have a flare-up off COVID-19. This device has a small design and
it lets us know in less than an hour if we are infected or not. In addition to this, it is very
simple to use and it has a low cost.

Imagine being in your house and one day you start feeling sick. The symptoms that
you are showing are COVID-19 related. You generate a lot of stress getting out of your
house thinking that you are putting everyone in danger and spending a lot of money
for a test that ends telling you that you do not have the disease. In that process you
also have the risk of getting infected of COVID-19. It is easier and much safer to
perform this test in your house without any much effort and by spending way less
money than on a regular test. If this product starts to distribute excessively, it can cost
around 2 or 3 dollars. It can also be afforded by families or medical centers that are
struggling to get the regular tests, and this invention can be more efficient than the
regular ones.

- Jasir Lopez Vergara 1942701

In conclusion we can say that this invention is very useful, because it actually provides
us with a new improvement, in this case in knitting. It actually creates a new and
efficient way of delivering the knitting process, even so that we are capable of creating
more advanced stuff like advanced clothing and even small body -like parts that can
help in the creation of new prosthesis. In general we can say that it's amazing how
humanity can improve themselves by improving something so simple as the knitting
process, delivering a more efficient way to create new stuff.

In addition to this, I want to say that it is really quite amazing how humanity improves
themselves by all of these inventions. Maybe some of these inventions may be of no
use anymore but the fact that we came up with a solution for everything is quite
amazing. Besides, if you take the fact that the inventions mentioned in this
investigation are all from the UK, it is quite amazing to see how inventions are made
almost every day. Now imagine the amount of inventions that are made daily
worldwide, this truly is an amazing planet.
Just to put an end to this conclusion, I want to say that this investigation actually
provide us with a new perspective to the engineering world, and also showed us how
in combination of different field of expertise, amazing inventions like the ones shown
here are made completely from the scratch.

- Kevin Sebastian Medina Rodriguez 1857490 IMTC

Overall, the development of some key innovations have a massive impact on today's
society. Knowing about these inventions and the impact that they cause, could be
crucial to get to know our career better. Most of the inventions from the UK that we
mentioned, had an impact on history, leading to some historical events that changed
the entire world. Thanks to the pandemic, a lot of innovations have been dedicated to
this area. Some of these innovations can be useful or maybe not, but at last, all
inventions are related to each other. Some may be considered important to our society
and others we did not even realize that they existed.

- Antonio Salvador Nelli Beltrán 1880967 IMTC

Thanks to the investigation that my partners and I made, I can conclude that knowing
about historical innovations, not necessarily from the UK, can help me have a better
understanding of the social impact that they have. One thing that shocked me is that
these inventions do not always grant a benefit to an entire civilization. One of th ese
inventions got rid of entire family companies, like the handmade clothing families
societies. The sewing machine was a big competition that most of them could not keep
up against. Then we have other inventions like the light switch. I learned that almost
every house keeps the same mechanisms as it first was developed. We just change
its aesthetics. The UK has been a big technological country, developing very important
innovations that we use daily.
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