KESIAPSIAGAAN DAN PENENGGULANGAN KEBAKARAN

MKDK-D227

PERTEMUAN 1
PENGANTAR INDUSTRIAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING ( E R P )

PROGRAM STUDI D-III FIRE AND SAFETY

AKADEMI MINYAK DAN GAS BALONGAN
R . Amiroel Pribadi Madoeretno
Bsc, Dipl SM , SKM , MM , MKKK
NIDN. 0423015001
Email & Telp : amiroelpribadi@gmail.com, HP : 0811202888
 Amiroel Pribadi – Profile
Name : Amiroel Pribadi Madoeretno
Place & Date of Birth : Mojekerto, 23 Januari 1950
Address : Jl. Kampung Melati No. 12 Kesambi – Cirebon 45134
HP : 0811202888
Email : apimadoeretno@gmail.com
Formal Education : S1 EHS / FKM Indonesia University
S2 EHS / FKM Indonesia University
S2 Marketing - LABORA Jakarta

Professional Membership
❑ 3 Years as EHS Supervisor at PT. Badak NGL Co Bontang ❑ AHLI K3 and AHLI MADYA
❑ 14 Years as Chief Fire Dept PT. Arun NGL Co Lhokseumawe special for Fire Response Depnakertrans R.I Assessor BNSP
❑ 10 Years as EHS Manager Pertamina Refinery UP VI Balongan ❑ Member International Association of Fire Chief, NFPA, IAKKI, IFPA
❑ 3 Years as EHS Manager Pertamina Refinery UP IV Cilacap
❑ 1 Year as EHS Specialist Pertamina EHS Dir Hilir Jakarta
❑ Dept. Head Fire & Safety AKAMIGAS Balongan
❑ Instructur HSE Trn Center, OSCT Sei Gerong / JKT
❑ Director PT Agni Protection Management Consultan Jakarta

Courses & Trainings

❑ Dipl. Safety Management (British Safety Council) UK
❑ Fire Service College - Moreton In Marsh UK
❑ ICAO Senior Officer Fire & Rescue Civil Aviation Singapore
❑ Industrial Fire (LNG & LPG Fire) – Texas A & M USA
❑ Oil & Gas Tank Fire Fighting – Boot & Coots USA
❑ Cargo Ship Fire-Fighting , Fire Investigation, etc UK
❑ Hazop, FMEA, FTA, Accident Investigation, etc USA
❑ Disaster Preparedness Management System USA
❑ Pre Fire Planning & Community Awareness Emergency Response, APELL USA
❑ Emergency Response Planning, Incident Command USA
❑ P S M, Loss Prevention Principles, Oil Spill Prev & Control USA
❑ Risk & Reliability Assessment USA
❑ EHS SPECIALIST – MRDC Princeton USA
❑ OSCT
 Modul Objective
1. Mengenal konsep manajemen emergency /
disaster planning
2. Mampu menyusun dan mengevaluasi emergency
planning di tempat kerja Industry. \ Gedung
3. Mengetahui perencanaan kesysteman dalam
menghadapi emergency
4. Meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya
perencanaan dalam menghadapi emergency

3
 FIRE PREVENTION, PROTECTION
AND SUPRESION

• Fire prevention is the process of designing facilities and

processes to reduce the probability of a fire and/or
explosion

• Fire protection is the design of a facility to minimize the

consequences of fire and/or explosion

• Fire suppression is the process of extinguishing a fire

and/or protecting exposures
FIRE PROTECTION APPROACH
 Latar Belakang
• Tidak ada kegiatan yang bebas dari Emergency /bencana
(Disaster)
• Keadaan darurat dapat terjadi setiap saat ( pasti akan
terjadi )
• Keadaan darurat dapat menimbulkan kerugian (manusia,
materil, bisnis dan lingkungan)
• Setiap organisasi harus mempersiapkan diri menghadapi
setiap kemungkinan terburuk yang dapat menimpa
operasi atau kegiatannya
 MENGAPA….?
• Tidak ada satu plant pun yang tahan terhadap
dampak kerusakan dari suatu kebakaran.
• Kerugian yang terjadi bisa mencapai titik dimana
suatu plant tidak dapat beroperasi kembali atau
ganguan bisnis akan membawa perusahaan pada
kemunduran.
 FIRE LOSS FACTORS
• Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi awal terjadinya kebakaran
– Ignition source
– Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Condition
– Fire Prevention System (Permits, Procedures, etc)
– Kurangnya Komitmen dari Top Management
• Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada perkembangan dan
penyebaran kebakaran
– Housekeeping yang buruk
– Plant/Building Construction, lay out
• Faktor-faktor dalam pengendalian dan pemadaman
– Kurang handalnya Fire Protection System
– Kurangnya jumlah dan performa Fire Fighting Equipment
– Tidak efektifnya Plant Emergency Organization
– Kurangnya kompetensi dari Fire Fighter
– dll
 FAKTOR-FAKTOR KRITIS
• LIFE SAFETY
• ENVIRONMENT
• CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS
• ASSET/INVESTMENT
• LEGISLATION
• INSURANCE
• NATIONAL/LOCAL/COMPANY INTEREST
• PUBLIC IMAGE
 FIRE PROTECTION &
BUSINESS CONTINUTY PLANNING

Strategic Aspects Commercial Aspects

Resiko Kegagalan Planning Resiko Business Interruption
• Strategy marketing yang tidak tepat • Kehilangan eksekutif kunci
• Strategy akuisisi yang tidak tepat • Kegagalan hubungan industrial
Technical Aspects • Kurangnya legal compliance
• Perubahan perilaku konsumen Resiko Kegagalan Aspek Fisik atau
• Perubahan politik/peraturan Kerusakan Fasilitas
• Rusaknya peralatan
• Kegagalan infrastruktur
• Kebakaran (fire)
• Ledakan (explosion)
• Polusi (pollution
• Bencana alam Operational Aspects
Financial Aspects Resiko Kesalahan Manusia
Resiko Kegagalan Financial Control /Pengabaian
• Resiko treasury
• Kesalahan desain
• Credit assessment yang tidak tepat
• Sophisticated fraud • Perilaku tidak aman
• Kegagalan sistem • Resiko praktek kerja pegawai
• Pasar modal yang tidak bersahabat
• Sabotase
Typical layers of Protection in A Modern Chemical Plant
(Source: CCPS)
Community Emergency Response DPMS

Plant Emergency Response

Passive Physical Protection (Dikes)

Active Physical Protection (release Devices)

Automatic action (ESD)

Operator Supervision, Critical Alarm

Basic Control Process Alarm

Process Design
Disaster / Emergency Philosophy

– Plan for the best , but

prepared for the worst

– Rencanakan yang terbaik,

tetapi bersiap menghadapi
kondisi terburuk.
 Hazard Control Measures
Proactive Controls Reactive Controls

Causes Hazards Incidents Outcomes

Emergency Response
Detection
Elimination Prevention and Control Mitigation
measures measures measures
 TRIANGLES OF FIRE
HEAT HUMAN
LIVES

FUEL OXYGEN PROPERTY / ENVIRONMENT

Triangle of fire F.S.M BISNIS
Fire Protection
Triangle
ACTIVE system PASSIVE system

Firesafety Triangle
 PERGESERAN FILOSOFIS FIRE PROTECTION

• Sebelumnya, praktek fire protection yang dilakukan oleh

perusahaan Oil & Gas masih menggunakan pendekatan
Prescriptive / PREFERENSI dan tidak berbasis pada kebutuhan
yang sesungguhnya dari aktivitas tertentu.
• Pengalaman bencana industri seperti Amoco, Exxon, Baton
Rouge, dsb.
• Lembaga internasional terkemuka seperti NFPA, HSE telah
mengembangkan suatu “goal setting” standards.
• Saat ini direkomendasikan bahwa para fire protection specialist
/engineer harus menilai kebutuhan dalam rangka pencapaian
cost effective atas sumber daya fire protection yang
berdasarkan skenario major incident yang akurat.
 TRIANGLES OF FIRE OPERATION
APPLICABLE

ERP, PFP
SOP
ICS

SOFTWARE

DRILL
EFFCTIVE TRAINING

RELIABLE HARDWARE BRAINWARE QUANTITY

FIRE OPERATION

POINTED: FIRE
COMMAND
SYSTEM

TARGETED: PRE
FIRE PLANNING

SEGMENTED:
EMERGENCY
PLANNING

POPULATED:
DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
 FIRE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Segala upaya berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan sumber

daya yang tersedia yaitu dari segi peralatan,
kompetensi personil, informasi dan prosedur yang
dijalankan baik dalam tahap prevention,
preparedness, response dan recovery guna menjamin
pencegahan dan penanggulangan terhadap kebakaran
dan bahaya terkait lainnya yang dapat terjadi pada
bangunan atau unit industri dll
ELEMEN EMERGENCY / DISASTER
PLANNING

BASELINE
ASSESSMENT

RECOVERY PREVENTION

RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS
 ELEMEN IMPLEMENTATION FMS
Elemen dalam Penerapan (Implementation) dalam Fire Management
System adalah:
1. Komitmen Manajemen
2. Fire Risk Assessment
3. Fire Protection System
4. Inspection, Testing & Maintenance
5. Fire Training Competence
6. Management of Change
7. Fire Emergency Response/Pre-Fire Planning
8. Fire Investigation
9. Fire Audit
 PLANNING
PRE-FIRE FIRE INCIDENT POST-FIRE

•PREVENTION •EMERGENCY •RECOVERY

PROCEDURES RESPONSE PROCEDURES
•PREPAREDNESS PROCEDURE •DAMAGE
PROCEDURES EVALUATION
•PRE-FIRE PLANNING
•FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT •FIRE INVESTIGATION
•FIRE COMMAND
•FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM •INSURANCE CLAIM
STRATEGY
•ERP / DPMS
•ERP / DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
•S.O.P / PROCEDUR
 PRE-FIRE
• FIRE PREVENTION PROCEDURE
– INSPECTION
– MAINTENANCE
– TESTING
• PREPAREDNESS PROCEDURE
– COMPETENCE TRAINING
– DRILL , TABLE TOP
– FUNCTIONAL DRILL
– PUBLIC EDUCATION
FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT
– RISK RANKING MATRIX
– INDIVIDUAL RISK
– SOCIETAL RISK
• FIRE PROTECTION STRATEGY
– ACCEPTABLE LOSS
– COST OF FIRES
– ACTIVE & PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
• ERP/DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
– EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
– APELL, DPMS
PROSEDUR / SOP
. EQUIPMENT
E.R. TEAM
PFP , ICS
 FIRE INCIDENT
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE
– INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
– EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION
– ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY OF EMERGENCY REPONSE TEAM
– AUXILIARY TEAM
– ALARM
– EVACUATION
• PRE-FIRE PLANNING
– FIRE EQUIPMENT PLACEMENT
– FIRE PERSONNEL AVAILABILITY
– FIRE SCENARIO
• FIRE COMMAND SYSTEM
– COMMUNICATION & COORDINATION
– SIZE-UP
– TACTIC & STRATEGY