MODULE WEEK NO.

13-14
Valencia Colleges (Buk.) Inc.
Hagkol, Valencia City, Bukidnon
Tel Nos. 088-828-4632/1338/4023; TeleFax:088-828

University
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Business Administration Department

STAT: Business Statistics
Semester of A.Y. 2021-2022

Introduction

Blessed Day!!

Sharing to you:

Romans 8:18 and 28

BUSINESS STATISTICS

18 I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that
will be revealed in us.

28And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him,
who have been called according to his purpose.

I know you are all struggling right now but I believe that God is working in your life.
As the verse say all this happen for greater purpose. You are near to your dream. Do not
give up and trust God’s will for your life. GOD IS IN CONTROL. Though you may see
the future as blurred but trust God and believe in His power. Also, in our lesson though
you think you didn’t learn anything but I believe there is something you have gain in
this subject. We may not know it for now but in God’s time He will reveal it to you.
Learning is not all about knowledge but also character and attitude as an individual. As
we are near let’s persevere until the end!!WE CAN DO THIS!! SOAR HIGH VCIans!!

GOD BLESS!!

Rationale

By tabulation we mean the systematic presentation of the information contained in the data,
in rows and columns in accordance with some salient features or characteristics. Rows are
horizontal arrangements and columns are vertical arrangements. In the words of A.M. Tuttle:
“A statistical table is the logical listing of related quantitative data in vertical columns and
horizontal rows of numbers with sufficient explanatory and qualifying words, phrases and
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statements in the form of titles, headings and notes to make clear the full meaning of data and
their origin.”

Professor Bowley in his manual of Statistics refers to tabulation as “the intermediate process
between the accumulation of data in whatever form they are obtained, and the final reasoned
account of the result shown by the statistics.”

Intended Learning Outcomes

• Organize data by table and graph

• Create a chart through excel
• Draw findings in the organized data

Discussion
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CHAPTER 7 – ORGANIZING, PRESENTING and ANALYZING of DATA

TEXTUAL PRESENTATION OF DATA

Good statistical presentation requires making it easy for readers to understand and
interpret the data, and to identify key patterns or trends.

Data presented in paragraph or in sentences are said to in textual form. This includes
enumeration of important characteristics, emphasizing the most significant features and
highlighting the most striking attributes of the set of data.

Example
The data are Math test scores of 15 students out of 50 items: 47, 48, 49,42, 42, 36, 38,
40,35,50,44,45,50,50. Make a simple analysis by writing findings and drawing conclusions.

Writing the data in numerical order may Writing the data in numerical order may
help to analyze the data help to analyze the data

Findings:
The lowest score is 35, and the highest is 50. Three students got a perfect score of 50; one got
35, 36,38,40,44,47.48 and 49 while 2 got 42 and 45”. If the passing mark is 70%, it shows that
nobody failed in the test.

Conclusion: “I therefore conclude that the students perform well in the test.”

Though analysis can be done from the text, it is however, recommended to organize the
data in tables for better comparison of values and quicker and better analysis of details.

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Furthermore, if data are presented in plain text, readers sometimes get bored, thus tables and
graphs are oftentimes used.

TABULAR PRESENTATION OF DATA

Tables are useful for clear presentation and

comparison of large numbers of data items. They also
allow data to be presented at a level of detail which
cannot usually be determined from a text.

Raw data is collected through research, through

actual scores or values from a questionnaire, survey or
assessment. To organize the data can be done through a
series of data tables.
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Tables or Frequency Distribution Table can show either categorical variable (sometimes
called qualitative variables) or quantitative variables (sometimes called numeric variables).
You can think of categorical variables as categories (like gender or courses) and quantitative
variables as numbers.

The Frequency Distribution Table

This is a table which shows the data arranged into different classes, and the numbers of
cases which fall into each class are tabulated.

s
● Tables should have the following labels:
● Table number: for easy reference; written on the top of the table
● Table title: to briefly explain the contents of the table; title follows the table number
● Column headers: to describe the entry in each column
● Row classifier: to classify rows
● Source notes: to acknowledge the sources of data
● Frequency: to show the number of entries per category
● Total frequency: to have general picture of the total population
● Percentage frequency: for quick view of the characteristics of the data set

Example (Continuous variable with few values)

Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution table for the age of 50 service crews at
McDollibee Restaurant.

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Since the youngest is 18 and the oldest is 25, the range is: R = 25 -18 = 7. Therefore, an
ungrouped frequency distribution table is feasible.
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Findings:
✔ Basic findings are those which you can see directly from the table;
✔ Sixteen percent (16%) of the service crew at McDollibee is 18 years old.
✔ Fourteen percent (14%) of the…….is 19 years old.
✔ Twelve percent (12%) of the …..is 20 years old.
✔ Twenty-two percent (22%) of the is 21 years old.
✔ Eight percent (8%) of the is 24 years old.
✔ Eight percent (8%) of the is 25 years old.

Additional findings
- are those which you cannot see directly from the table.
✔ The average age of the 50 service crews at McDollibee is 21 and the standard deviation is
2.18
✔ The range of the ages is 7 since the youngest service crew is 18 while the oldest is 25.
✔ Thirty two or 64% of the service crews are 21 years old and below.

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Conclusion
I therefore conclude that McDollibee prefers employees who are 21 years old and below.

SUMMARY
BUSINESS STATISTICS

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

“A picture paints a thousand words” is true to statistical graphs, because it summarizes a

hundreds or even a thousand data. Graphs gives essential features not seen in tabular
presentations, like the shape of distribution and the spread of data. Graphs tell a story in
“pictures” rather than in words or numbers. The following are some of the common statistical
graph.

Pie Chart
It is a graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among categories of a
nominal or an ordinal variable. The categories are displayed as segments of a circle whose
pieces add up to 100 percent of the total frequencies. It looks like a slice of pizza.

Pie Chart of Gender

Category
FEMA LE
MA LE

48.6%
51.4%

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Findings:
• 41% is the female respondents
• 59% is male respondents

CONCLUSION
• Most Respondents are male.

Bar Chart
The bar graph provides an alternative way to present nominal or ordinal data graphically. It
shows the differences in frequencies or percentages among categories of a nominal or an
ordinal variable. The categories are displayed as rectangles of equal width with their height
proportional to the frequency or percentage of the category.
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ACTIVITIES ON FACEBOOK
50

40

30
PERCENT

20

10

0
post photo watch v ideo read an article message friends hit lik e button read news stories

FACEBOOK ACTIVITIES

FINDINGS:
• 44% of the respondents usually just hit the button randomly.
• 48% use facebook to message their friends.
• Only 19% read news stories on facebook.

CONCLUSION
Therefore, respondents usually used Facebook to message their friends.

Histogram
It has a close resemblance to bar graph. The basic difference between the two graphs, the
bar graph is used categorical variable while the histogram is used in numerical variable, thus,
eliminates the spaces between the rectangles, giving it a solid appearance. See figure below.

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BUSINESS STATISTICS

SUMMARY

How to make a chart in the excel

1. Select the data for which you want to create a chart.

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BUSINESS STATISTICS

2. Click INSERT > Recommended Charts

3. On the Recommended Charts tab, scroll through the list of charts that Excel
recommends for your data, and click any chart to see how your data will look.

If you don’t see a chart you like, click All Charts to see all the available chart types.

4. When you find the chart you like, click it > OK.

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5. Use the Chart Elements, Chart Styles, and Chart Filters buttons, next to the upper right
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corner of the chart to add chart elements like axis titles or data labels, customize the
look of your chart, or change the data that is shown in the chart.

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6. To access additional design and formatting features, click anywhere in the chart to add
the CHART TOOLS to the ribbon, and then click the options you want on the DESIGN
and FORMAT tabs.

Note: For Histogram, click CHART LAY-OUT, then select the layout that looks like a
Histogram (layout 8)
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Resources and Additional Resources

• Statistics for Filipino Students. Batacan and etc…

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