MITRA, KIMBERLY JANE M.

PROBLEM SET 1

1. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS. THE MEASURED LENGTH OF AIRPORT

RUNWAYS IN FIVE MAJOR CITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES ARE: 1250.00, 1375.50,
1410.75, 1550.25, AND 1750.00 METERS. DETERMINE THE EQUIVALENT
LENGTH OF EACH RUNWAYS IN KILOMETERS, DECIMETERS, AND
CENTIMETERS. TABULATE VALUES ACCORDINGLY.

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PROBLEM

2. AREA MEASUREMENTS. GIVEN THE DIMENSIONS OF THE FOLLOWING

TRACTS OF LAND:

A. 108.75 M BY 76.82 M

B. 940.08 M BY 1296.73 M

C. 13.36 M BY 50.08 M

D. 1258.30 M BY 624.03 M

E. 8476.55 M BY 121.79 M

DETERMINE THE AREA OF EACH TRACT IN SQUARE METERS, SQUARE

KILOMETRES, ARES AND HECTARES.

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PROBLEM

3. AREA MEASUREMENTS. GIVEN THE AREA AND WIDTH OF THE

FOLLOWING RECTANGULARSHAPED PIECES OF PROPERTY:

A. 2.575 HA AND 195.42 M

B. 125.42 SQ M AND 545.0 CM

C. 0.85 SQ KM AND 925.09 M

D. 50.0 ARES AND 100.0 M

E. 42545.19 SQ M AND 346.72 M

DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF EACH PROPERTY IN METERS.

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PROBLEM

4. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. FOLLOWING ARE THE DIMENSIONS FOR

LENGTH, WIDTH AND DEPTH OF FIVE EXCAVATED BORROW PITS FOR A
HIGHWAY PROJECT:

A. 113.26 M, 35.48 M, AND 18.60 M

B. 50.08 M, 39.25M, AND 7.14 M

C. 243.55 M, 76.19 M, AND 24.66 M

D. 42.055 M, 8.605 M, AND 12.332 M

E. 9.5 M, 6.3 M, AND 4.9 M

DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF EACH PIT IN CUBIC METERS.

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5. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. GIVEN THE APPROXIMATE FLAT AREA AND

DEPTH OF EXCAVATION OF THE FOLLOWING BORROW PITS:

A. 3750.0 SQ M AND 758.0 CM

B. 0.035 SQ KM AND 180.0 M

C. 15.6 ARES AND 495.0 M

D. 9.250 HA AND 250.0 M

E. 46750 SQ M AND 195.0 M

DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF EARTH REMOVED FROM EACH PIT IN CUBIC

METERS.

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PROBLEM

6. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. GIVEN THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS: 45.63, 5.700,

4010, 0.00037, 0.000940, 6.0090, 7.00, 9.5X10 , 4.00X10 , 2.604X10 , AND
3.00X10 . FOR EACH NUMBER, IDENTIFY THE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND
STATE THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. TABULATE VALUES
ACCORDINGLY.

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PROBLEM

7. ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS. GIVEN THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS: 0.333333,

0.412342, 50.2155, 48.5455, AND 16.3545. ROUND OFF EACH NUMBER TO
THREE, FOUR AND FIVE FIGURES. TABULATE VALUES ACCORDINGLY.

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PROBLEM

8. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. THE THREE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE WERE

MEASURED WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: A=42°05’, B=115°38’, AND
C=22°08’. DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF EACH ANGLE.

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PROBLEM

9. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. THE ANGLES ABOUT A POINT HAVE THE

FOLLOWING OBSERVED VALUES: 87°07’50”, 125°17’20”, AND 147°35’20”.
DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF THE THREE ANGLES.

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PROBLEM

10. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. THE INTERIOR ANGLES OF A QUADRILATERAL

WERE OBSERVED TO BE: A=100°35’40”, B=118°44’15”, C=80°54’35”, AND D=
59°45’50”. DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF EACH OF THESE
ANGLES.

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PROBLEM

11. PROBABLE ERROR. A QUANTITY WAS MEASURED TEN TIMES WITH THE
FOLLOWING RESULTS: 34.630, 34.626, 34.634, 34.628, 34.629, 34.626, 34.627,
34.633, 34.625, AND 34.624 METERS. DETERMINE THE PROBABLE ERROR OF
THE MEAN AND THE RELATIVE PRECISION OF THE MEAN.

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PROBLEM

12. PROBABLE ERROR. A SURVEYING INSTRUCTOR SENT ALL THE 40

STUDENTS IN HIS CLASS OUT TO MEASURE A DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
POINTS MARKED ON A RUNWAY. THE STUDENTS WORKING IN GROUPS OF
FOUR CAME UP WITH 10 DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS AS FOLLOWS: 920.45,
921.05, 921.65, 920.25, 920.15, 921.85, 921.95, 920.45, 921.15, AND 921.35
METERS. ASSUMING THESE VALUES ARE EQUALLY RELIABLE AND THAT
VARIATIONS RESULT ONLY FROM ACCIDENTAL ERRORS, DETERMINE THE
RELATIVE PRECISION OF A SINGLE MEASUREMENT AND THE RELATIVE
PRECISION OF THE MEAN.

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PROBLEM

13. PROBABLE ERROR. THE FOLLOWING VALUES WERE DETERMINE IN A

SERIES OF ROD READINGS MADE UNDER IDENTICAL CONDITIONS: 3.312,
3.307, 3.304, 3.306, 3.309, 3.301, 3.311, 3.308, 3.312, 3.306, AND 3.313 METERS.
DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING: MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF THE OBSERVED
ROD READINGS, PROBABLE ERROR OF A SINGLE MEASUREMENT AND OF
THE MEAN, AND THE RELATIVE PRECISION OF A SINGLE MEASUREMENT
AND OF THE MEAN.

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PROBLEM

14. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A LINE IS MEASURED ON A WINDY DAY AS

338.65 M. THE SAME LINE MEASURED 338.37 M ON A CALM DAY. IF THE
LATTER MEASUREMENT IS GIVEN FOUR TIMES THE RELIABILITY OF THE
FIRST, DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF THE MEASURED LINE.

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PROBLEM

15. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A DISTANCE AB IS MEASURED FIVE TIMES

AS 610.03, 610.01, 610.05, 610.04, AND 610.02 METERS. THE THREE
MEASUREMENTS WERE GIVEN WEIGHTS OF 3, .2, 1, 2,AND 3 RESPECTIVELY,
BY THE HEAD TAPEMAN. DETERMINE THE WEIGHTED MEAN FOR DISTANCE
AB. ALSO, DETERMINE WHAT DIFFERENCE RESULTS IF LATER JUDGEMENT
REVISES THE WEIGHTS TO 2, 3, 1, 3 AND 2.

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PROBLEM

16. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. AN ANGLE ABC IS MEASURED AT

DIFFERENT TIMES USING VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES. THE
RESULTS, WHICH ARE ASSIGNED CERTAIN WEIGHTS, ARE AS FOLLOWS:
75°09’26”, WEIGHT OF 4; 75°09’25”, WEIGHT OF 3; AND 75°09’27”, WEIGHT OF
1. DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF THE ANGLE MEASURED.

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PROBLEM

17. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. IN THIS PROBLEM, THE WEIGHT OF AN

ANGLE IS ASSUMED TO BE PROPORTIONAL TO THE NUMBER OF TIMES IT
HAS BEEN MEASURED BY REPETITION. FIVE ANGLES IN A PENTAGON WERE
MEASURED WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: 134°44’35”, 167°02’05”,86°15’20”,
75°48’50” AND 76°08’50”. IF THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS FOR EACH
MEASUREMENT WERE 2, 6, 6, 8, AND 4 RESPECTIVELY, DETERMINE THE
ADJUSTED VALUES OF THE ANGLES.

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PROBLEM

18. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. TWO SIDES AND THE INCLUDED ANGLE OF

A TRIANGLE WERE MEASURED AND THE PROBABLE ERROR OF EACH
VALUE WERE COMPUTED AS FOLLOWS: A=267.55 ± 0.05 M, B=564.75 ± 0.06 M,
AND ANGLE C=57°15’45”. DETERMINE THE AREA OF THE TRIANGLE AND THE
PROBABLE ERROR OF THE AREA.

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PROBLEM

19. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. THREE SIDES OF A TRIANGLE WERE

MEASURED WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: A=1431.20 M ± 0.02 M,
B=570.77 ± 0.03 M, AND C= 1767.15 ± 0.04 M. DETERMINE THE ANGLES IN THE
TRIANGLE TOGETHER WITH THE PROBABLE ERRORS OF THE ANGLES.

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PROBLEM

20. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A LINE AE IS DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS

FOR MEASUREMENT WITH A TAPE. THE RESULTS WERE AB=134.10M
± 0.040M, BC=320.63M ± 0.055M, CD=173.73M ± 0.056M, AND DE=160.85M
± 0.050M.DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF THE LINE AND THE PROBABLE
ERROR OF THE MEASURED LENGTH.

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PROBLEM

21. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. THE DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION BETWEEN

TWO GROUND POINTS WAS MEASURED BY EACH OF THREE FIELD PARTIES
USING DIFFERENT KINDS OF LEVELLING INSTRUMENTS. THE RESULTS ARE
AS FOLLOWS: 1ST PARTY, DE=18.45M ± 0.05M;2ND PARTY, DE=18.40M
±0.04M; 3RD PARTY, DE= 18.48M ± 0.05M. DETERMINE THE MOST PROBABLE
DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION BETWEEN TWO GROUND POINTS.

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PROBLEM

22.SUMMATION OF ERRORS. THE FOUR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL SIDES OF

ATTRACT OF LAND WERE MEASURED AND THE MEASUREMENTS INCLUDED
THE FOLLOWING ERRORS: ± 0.05 M, ± 0.14 M, ± 0.175 M, AND ± 0.205 M,
RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE PROBABLE ERROR FOR THE TOTAL
LENGTH OF THE TRACT.

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PROBLEM

23. SUMMATION OF ERRORS. THE DIMENSIONS OF A FIVE-SIDED TRACT OF

LAND ARE GIVEN BY THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENTS AND CORRES-
PONDING PROBABLE ERRORS: 221.63 M. ± 0.04M, 235.70 M ± 0.002 , 196.05 M
± 0.05M, 296.13 M ± 0.012M, AND 303.18 M ±0.015 M. DETERMINE THE
PROBABLE ERROR OF THE SUM OF THE FIVE MEASUREMENTS AND THE
MOST PROBABLE VALUE OF THE PERIMETER.

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PROBLEM

24.PRODUCT OF ERRORS. TWO SIDES OF A RECTANGLE WERE MEASURED

AS BEING 226.25 ± 0.03 M AND 307.28 ± 0.04 M. DETERMINE THE AREA OF
THE FIGURE AND THE PROBABLE ERROR OF THE AREA.

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PROBLEM

25.PRODUCT OF ERRORS. THE BASE AND ALTITUDE OF TRIANGULAR-

SHAPED FIGURE WERE MEASURED WITH CERTAIN ESTIMATED PROBABLE
ERRORS AS FOLLOWS: B=425.67 ± 0.07 M AND H=138.63 ± 0.06 M.
DETERMINE THE AREA OF THE FIGURE AND THE PROBABLE ERROR IN THE
RESULTING CALCULATIONS.

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