Chapter 3 | Practice questions Ox FORD StUny PIC 1- DNA, GENES THE CONTINUITY OF LIFE Ci MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 RNA molecules contain the nitrogenous bases aati (A) adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. con pages 245-251 (B) _ adenine, guanine, thymine and uracil. (© adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil (D) cytosine, guanine, thymine and uracil. QUESTION 2 ‘The structure responsible for matching mRNA codons with t2NA anticodons is called a (A) _ nitrogenous base. (B) nucleotide. (©) restriction enzyme. (D) ribosome. QUESTION 3 Oogenesis produces | (A) diploid cells. : (B) female gametes, (© male gametes. (D) a fertilised ovum, QUESTION 4 Haploid cells are formed during (A) meiosis I. (B) meiosis Il (©) metaphase, (D) mitosis,jc SeeeRe Sti Ma QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 5 ‘This figure is an example of a structure found in DNA. Select the option that best represents the figure. (A) _ histone (8) nucleus (C) chromatin () nucleosome ‘© State of Queensland (QCA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 10 QUESTION 6 During meiosis, spindle fibres connect to the (A) centriole, (B) centromere. (C) centrosome. (@) chromosome. QUESTION 7 Crossing over occurs between (A) daughter cells, (B) haploid celts. (C) homologous chromosomes. @) sister chromatids.Chapter 3 Practice questions OXFORD Stuy Buddy | | QUESTION 8 ‘Transcription is the process of (A) _ matching free-floating nucleotides to complementary bases by DNA polymerase. @®) _ producing an mRNA strand from the DNA double belix. (C)__ reading mRNA by ribosomes to produce proteins. (D) unwinding of the DNA double helix by the enzyme, helicase. QUESTION 9 Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their (A) age. (B) chromosome locus. (C) gene type. (D) number of base pairs. QUESTION 10 Gel electrophoresis can be used to determine (A) _ biological paternity between two individuals. (B) an individual’s intelligence, (C) the age of an organism. (D) _ifa DNA sample matches a fingerprint found ata crime scene. QUESTION 11 ‘A mutation occurring in the skin cells of an organism after birth is classified as a (A) germ line mutation, (B) _ frameshift mutation. (C) _ point mutation. @) somatic mutation, QUESTION 12 “The cause of an orgenism having an extra copy of one of its chromosomes is (A) _ aneuploidy. ®) duplication. (©) non-disjunction. (D) trisomy.OXFORD Stuy buddy (QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 13 A mutagen is (A) achange in the DNA of an organism caused by a mistake during DNA replication. (B) a gene mutation passed from parent to offspring. (C) a physical or chemical agent that causes changes to the DNA of an organism. (D) achange necessary for genetic variation and survival of species QUESTION 14 Sexual reproduction allows for genetically unique offspring to be produced through (A) DNA replication. (B) meiosis. (©) mitosis, (®) zecombination, QUESTION 15 Interspecific hybrids are offspring produced (A) bya female without male fertilisation. (B) _ asexually through the process of budding. (C) asa result of two different species mating. (D) _ through the process of genetic engineering. QUESTION 16 ‘The human genome (A) contains every gene on every chromosome in the human body. (B) contains only sections of DNA that code for a protein. (© _ isasection of RNA translated by ribosomes to produce proteins, (D) _ shows chromosome pairs arranged in order of size. QUESTION 17 Polypeptide chains produced by ribosomes are composed of (A) amino acids. @) DNA. (C) ribosomes, (D) tRNA.Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD QUESTION 18 “The figure below represents a section of DNA. Label Lisa (A) nucleotide. (B) covalent bond. (C) _ hydrogen bond, (©) purine molecule. © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 21 QUESTION 19 ‘The enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix is called DNA (A) _ helicase. B) ligase. (C) polymerase. (D) primase, QUESTION 20 ‘A mutation that changes the entire DNA sequence following the mutation is called (A) aneuploidy. (B) a block mutation. (©) a frameshift mutation. (D) substitution.OXFORD Sty Buddy —QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 | QUESTION 21 il A nonsense mutation causes f (A) _ an extra chromosome in a daughter cell, ‘ (B) _ no change in the mRNA produced during transcription, i, (C) no change in the protein produced by the ribosome during i translation, 4 (D) _ the protein produced during translation to be shorter than : expected. q i QUESTION 22 Haploid cells are the product of (A) DNA replication. (B) mitosis. (©) meiosis. D) translation \ QUESTION 23 During DNA replication, DNA polymerase (A) _ breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs. (B) delivers amino acids to ribosomes. (C) moves along the exposed DNA strand in a 3' to 5' direction. (D) reads mRNA one codon at a time. QUESTION 24 During transcription, mRNA is constructed from free-floating nucleotides by (A) DNA polymerase. (®) RNA polymerase. (C) the Okazaki fragment. (D) transcription factors. | QUESTION 25 fi ‘The 3' prime end of a nucleotide is named so because of the i (A) third carbon in the sugar ring. i (B) _ third hydroxyl group at one end of the nucleotide. | (C) _ three hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. (D) three nitrogenous bases that make up each triplet codon.‘Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD StUDYI QUESTION 26 Which of the following sequences is complementary to this mRNA. strand? AUGCCGUACGUGACC, (A) ATGCCGTACGTGACC (B) UACGGCAUGCACUGG (C) TACGGCATGCACTGG (PD) AUGCCGUACGUGACC QUESTION 27 Which of the following does not occur in mitosis? (A) anaphase (B) crossing over (C) cytokinesis ©) telophase QUESTION 28 Sections of RNA that do not code for proteins are called (A) exons. ®) enzymes. (C) introns. ©) polypeptides, QUESTION 29 Individuals carrying a recessive allele that is not expressed as a phenotype can be assumed to be (A) heterozygous. (B) homozygous. © _ hybrids. @) male. QUESTION 30 ‘The following mutation occurred in a DNA strand during DNA replication: Original sequence Mutation TACCCGATAGATGCG: ‘TACCGGATAGATGCG This type of mutation is called (A) deletion, (B) insertion, (©) substitution, trisomy.oxFore SfUpy Bucy QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 31 During translation, the codons on mRNA match to which part of the iRNA molecule? (A) amino acid (B) anticodon (©) polypeptide chain (D) ribosome QUESTION 32 Individuals carrying two of the same allele for a trait are said to be (A) dominant. B) heterozygous. (© homozygous. @) recessive. QUESTION 33 Alleles expressed equally in the phenotype of an organism are the result of (A) autosomal dominance. (B) codominance. (C) incomplete dominance. (D) _ sex-linked inheritance. QUESTION 34 Scientists can cut DNA at a target site of a particular base sequence using (A) gel electrophoresis. (B) plasmids (©) recombinant DNA. (D) restriction enzymes. QUESTION 35 Ancuploidy could be caused by (A) ablock mutation, (B) a point mutation, (©) nonedisjunction during anaphase II. (D) _non-disjunction during mitosis,Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Stuy Buddy QUESTION 36 Gene splicing oceurs (A) _ after transcription and before translation. (B) _ after translation. (C) before transcription. (©) during translation. QUESTION 37 Anaphase is (A) _ anitrogenous base. (B) a stage of protein synthesis. (CG) a stage of mitosis. (D) anenzyme. QUESTION 38 ‘The molecule pictured below is the nitrogenous base, adenine, H HW NWA N H i N N\ lu nt Its structure is classified as (A) an amino acid. B) polypeptide. (©) apurine, (©) pyrimidine, QUESTION 39 ‘The law of independent assortment states that when gametes are produced (A) allele pairs assort independently to allow traits equal 8) © @) opportunity to occur together. chromosomes are randomly distributed to cells, which sometimes results in aneuploidy. if'a dominant allele exists it will always be passed on to the gamete to pass on to the offspring. half the chromosomes are provided by the female parent and half the chromosomes are provided by the male parent.exForo StUDY Buddy ‘QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 40 ‘The figure below is a t2NA molecule. Gca+— ‘The arrow is pointing to the | (A) acceptor stem. | (B) amino acid. ‘ (©) anticodon. (D) codon. QUESTION 41 i “The diagram below shows the process of translation. ‘The structure indicated by the arrow is the H (A) _ protein. (B) _ restriction enzyme. (C) ribosome, ; (D) tRNA molecule, QUESTION 42 ‘The amino acid carried by a tRNA molecule is determined by the (A) _ anticodon on the tNA molecule. (B) codon on the mRNA molecule, (C) ribosome. (D) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. QUESTION 43 1] ‘The mRNA codon that instructs a ribosome to begin translation is (A) AUG. (B) UAA. (©) vAG, (D) UGA.ze Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Stuy Buddy | QUESTION 44 a ‘The following table shows the cottesponding amino acid for each mRNA e triplet codon. 4 Second base : v c a s : mRNA amino mRNA amino mRNA amino mRNA amino : codon acid codon acid codon acid codon acid : uvu ucu uau ucu i ; By UG phenylaenine UCC UAC grovine UGC cysteine I serine ua uca AA UGA sToP 2 UUG lence UCC uaG STOP UGG onl cuv cou cau cau fa mc Raw ccc CAC histidine CC c 3 reucine proline artiine : 2 cus cca CAA cca : ER cus cca CAG glutamine GG avy acu AKU acu BY AUC isoleucine ACC AAC aspargiae AGC serine threonine AUA ACA AAA aca AUG methionine “ACG AAG fying AGG arinine TART) uu cou AU grarne SGU oe See Gace vane alanine arsine 3 ous ca GAA gusamic OA cus cc ac Mme Gog ‘The mRNA strand that will not produce phenylalanine is which of the following? 3 (A) AUGUUUUAUACUUAACAU (B) AUGUUCCCCGACGUUUAG £ (©) AUGUUAUUUUAACCUCCG (D) AUGAUUUGUUAAUUUGUGC E QUESTION 45 E ‘The separation of chromosome pairs into haploid sex cells to provide future offspring with one allele from cach parent describes (A) asexual reproduction through budding. (B) crossing over. (C) _ the law of independent assortment. (D) the law of segregation.L | ‘oxFoRD Stlny Buddy QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 46 ‘The following mutation occurred in an mRNA strand during translation; Original sequence ‘Mutation AUGCCCUCGACUUAA, AUGCCCUCGAUUAA (A) deletion. (B) insertion, (C) substitution, (D) trisomy, QUESTION 47 ‘The locus of a gene identifies the (A) area of the body targeted by the protein the gene codes for. (B) _ chromosome the gene is located on and its position on that chromosome, (C)__ length of the gene in base pairs after gene splicing is complete, (D) _ protein the gene produces when transcribed into mRNA and translated by a ribosome. QUESTION 48 Block mutations cause changes at the level of (A) amino acids, (B) chromosomes, (C) genes. (D) nucleotides. QUESTION 49 Interphase is (A) _ one of the stages of meiosis, (B) _ one of the stages of mitosis, (C) the process of a cell cleaving and separating into two daughter cells after replication, (D) _ the stage in which cells spend most of their time.Chater [Prac quesions OKFOR Sein ay QUESTION 50 ‘The following mutation occurred in an mRNA strand during translation; Original sequence Mutation AUGCCCUCGACUUAA AUGCCCUCGACUUAGA, This type of mutation is called A @) © @) block mutation, deletion. insertion. substitution, QUESTION 51 Identify which of the following is a factor that regulates phenotypic expression of genes during translation, (A) activator (B) repressor (C) promoter (DP) microRNA © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 5 QUESTION 52 ‘The main purpose of gene expression is to (A) transcribe a gene, (B) _ produce hormones. (C) maintain homeostasis (D) synthesise a functional gene product, © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 7 QUESTION 53 Which of the following is a biotechnological application of DNA profiling? (A) gene therapy (B) food security (C) drug discovery @) epigenetic analysis ‘© State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper L Question 9A OxrorD Stuy Buty QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 54 A group of genes that control the pattern of body formation in humans jg being investigated, A gene that would be part of this group is the (A) HOX (homeotic sub-group) gene. (B) ‘TDF (testis-determining factor) gene, \t (©) SRY (sex-determining region Y) gene. a (D) PAX6 (regulatory gene of eye and brain) gene. © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 11 QUESTION 55 Polygenic inheritance is defined as (A) _ one characteristic controlled by one gene, (B) one characteristic controlled by multiple genes. (©) multiple characteristics controlled by one gene. (@) multiple characteristics controlled by multiple genes. @ State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 1 Question 19 SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS QUESTION 56 (3 marks) Explain the process of transcription of DNA into messenger RNA. Answers - | MY MARK : omer | i EEEEE fe | /3 QUESTION 57 (4 marks) Contrast DNA and RNA molecules.Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Stlny Budly QUESTION 58 (3 marks) Explain the meaning and importance of the semi-conservative process of DNA replication. QUESTION 59 (5 marks) Describe the process of translation from mRNA to « polypeptide chain, | | MY MARK QUESTION 60 (2 marks) Contrast the terms phenotype and genotype, QUESTION 61 (2 marks) Explain what is meant by haploid cell and the importance of gametes being haploid cells, | | MY MARK /2 | |‘oxrore StUny Buddy QCE Biology Units 3.8.4 QUESTION 62 (4 marks) Describe the four stages of mitosis. | MY Magy 14 1 1 QUESTION 63 (3 MARKS) Describe independent assortment and explain its importance in genetic variation within species. | | MY MARK | | | \ | 1/3 { I QUESTION 64 3 marks) Explain why primers are required in the process of DNA replication, | : | My MARK i | ; /3 | QUESTION 65 (3 marks) Explain why X-linked recessive alleles are more likely to be expressed phenotypically in males. | |My MARK 3 QUESTION 66 (2 marks) Deseribe sister chromatids and explain where and when they may be found. | MY MARK (2earn 25 =, | Chapter 3| Practice questions OXFORD Stloy Budd QUESTION 67 (2 marks) Contrast the law of independent assortment and the law of segregation, | MY MARK | | “2 j Pee leet 1 QUESTION 68 (4 marks) Describe the process of oogenesis. r | A | t QUESTION 69 (2 marks) Contrast the karyotype of a somatic cell from a male human with the karyotype of a human ovum, —— MY MARK /2 | 1 | QUESTION 70 (3 marks) Pointy ears in pigs is a dominant trait (P), while droopy ears in pigs is a recessive trait, Determine the percentage genotype and phenotype for offspring of two pigs that are heterozygous for ear type.oxFoRD stbny Buddy QCE Biology Units 3&4 QUESTION 71 3 marks) Explain the role of Hox genes in human embryonic development. QUESTION 72 marks) In one species of fish, gold colour (G) and stripes (S) are dominant trai, while black colour (g) and no pattern (s) are recessive traits. Calculate the percentage genotype and phenotype for offspring of a parent who is homozygous recessive for both traits and a parent who is heterozygous for both traits. MY Mark | | 43 | QUESTION 73 (2 marks) Contrast codominance and incomplete dominance. QUESTION 74 (2 marks) Explain the concept of epigenetics and provide an example. “| MY MARK /2 QUESTION 75 (4 marks) Explain the term carnizr in relation to genetically inherited conditions, using a pedigree chart to support your explanationChanter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Suny Buddy | QUESTION 76 (7 marks) Following is a chart showing amino acids and their corresponding mRNA triplet codon. ‘Second base i i o ES eS mRNA amino mRNA amino mRNA amino mRNA amino codon acid coon acid codon acid codon acid uuu vou AU uu Ee} WUC phenylalanine UCC UAG tyrosine UGC cysteine seraine uuA ca, uaa uca stor UUG leucine UGG UAG STOP UGG wyptophanlf cuu cou cau cou Gy cuc coc GAG histidine GGe 3 leucine pine acginioe fl 2B cus cea CAA ca ry Ei coc cece CAG ghutamine CGG g uu acu AAU AGU BY AUC isoleucine ACC AAG espargine AGC serine threonine AUA AGA AAA AGA AUG methionine AGG AAG lysine AGG. arginine (START) ou seu AU sipanie OU fy suc Gee Gac MBE GGe valine alanine lysine cua cea GAA gramic OCA cua cca cag OT GGG a) Determine the sequence of amino acids produced by the following mRNA sequence: [2 marks] AUGCAGUUACGUUGA b) Explain one way a mutation could cause the amino acid leucine to be added to a polypeptide chain, in place of phenylalanine, 22 marks} ji 1 | MY MARK /2OXFORD StuDY Buddy ‘QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 ©) Identify the type of mutation that would cause the MRNA codon to change from GUU to GUG and explain the effect this woulg have on the polypeptide chain during translation, _, [3 mary | MY MARK QUESTION 77 (4 marks) Describe the process of making recombinant DNA in terms of insertion of DINA fragments and joining of DNA. | | © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 2 Question 4 QUESTION 78 (4 marks) Explain two of the differences between DNA found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 1 = MY MARK 1a © State of Queensland (QCAA) Sample assessment 2020, Paper 2 Question 3 QUESTION 79 3 marks) Explain the importance of sticky ends in recombinant DNA.Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Sty Bully | QUESTION 80 (2 marks) ‘The following Punnett square shows the possible phenotypes and genotypes for dog tail length. DTDt Tet DTat long long. mediuin, De peat Didt ‘medium medium short arDe erat Tae medium medium short ede aaT ade short short shortest a) Identify the type of variation demonstrated in this Punnett square. [1 mark} MY MARK b) Determine the phenotypic ratio for this trait. [1 mark] | 1 MY MARK ' ere QUESTION 81 (4 marks) Describe the structure and purpose of a nucleotide in DNA. | My MARK /Afl oxrorem stuny Badly QCE Biology Units 3 8.4 QUESTION 82 (3 marks) ‘The following diagram represents a segment of DNA, with each numbered band representing a different gene. a) Identify the type of chromosome mutation that would cause the following change. (1 mark) “| MY MARK a b) Identify the type of chromosome mutation that would cause the following change. {1 mark} ©) Identify the type of chromosome mutation that would cause the following change. [1 mark)Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Stuy Boddy | QUESTION 83 (4 marks) Contrast DNA helicase and DNA polymerase. | MY MARK | /A | | | t QUESTION 84 (2 marks) Explain the role of the Okazaki fragment in DNA replication. | : F : | | MY MARK | | /2 | QUESTION 85 (2 marks) Explain why sperm cells determine the sex of human offspring. | MY MARK /2 QUESTION 86 (3 marks) Contrast a sex cell and a somatic cell,oxFore Stuy Buddy QCE Biology Units 3 & 4 QUESTION 87 (2 marks) Explain the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis. QUESTION 88 (2 marks) Compare diploid and haploid cells. 1 QUESTION 89 (@ marks) Explain the process that would result in a child being born with one X chromosome and twoY chromosomes. QUESTION 90 (4 marks) Contrast DNA and RNA. ' ! | ' | | | | MY MARK | MY MARK /3Chapter 3 | Practice questions OXFORD Stthy Baldy | q 4 QUESTION 91 (2 marks) | Compare anaphase I and anaphase I. ie | [My MARK | | | | /2 | ! s i R QUESTION 92 (2 marks) Explain the importance of metaphase during mitosis. | é : i | i MY MARK | i | | 2 QUESTION 93 (3 marks) Contrast a deletion mutation and an insertion mutation. i { i d | | MY MARK | i | 4 F QUESTION 94 (2 marks) Contrast chromatin and chromosomes. MY MARKOxFoRD stUny Buddy CE Biology Units 3 & 4 | QUESTION 95 (2 marks) i ‘The following is a karyotype of a human cell. a) Identify the type of human cell shown in the karyotype, (mark iy | MY Maa ‘4 b) Explain the reason for the number of chromosomes present ql in this cell, EL mark} i i MY MARK | /