0
1
3
=
-
)
 
R LD]NPHF] S@KBAYAYAK MAHFYA RAEFY PNP] = MPHAK RANSAF 0 YAGPK  
M
Y
N Yakjjah
Yakjjah Eukoukjak ? Ahanat ?
(
Y Kana Akae? H/S Kana Fmu?
F
E Rugu? d
B 
A Pnur? Yaguk Muhak MM? ej SM/YM? bn
R
A  Akae saeft a
apa4
pa4 Eukoukjak S`rtana Eukoukjak Phakj
Y
F S@KFHAFAK YFKIAEAK/
H EHARFLFEARF
A (Hfkjearf s`nua j`oaha yakj ift`nueak) S@KJDMAYAK
M
PI N@N@]FERA YAKIA MAGAVA PNPN
A •  Yfiae mfsa nfkun/n`kyusu •  H`tarjfs atau tfiae saiar
S
] •  N`nuktageak s`nuakya •  Aia strfidr
@
Y •  E`oakj •  Mfru ( byakdsfs )
K •  Poukj takjak iak eaef pubat iak ifkjfk
@
N
@ ASAEAG AKAE MAYPE AYA
AYAP P RPEA] M@]KASAR 4 Va Yfia
Yfiaee
O
A •  M`rapa hana4 garf • Gftukj kapas iahan 1 n`kft
1  n`kft
K eahf / n`kft. Kapas B`pat 4
A
N •  Aia tarfeak ifkifkj iaia e`iahan
•  Aia wg``zfkj
•  Raturasf desfj`k %

ASAEAG AKAE IFA]@ 4  Va Yfiae

•  M`rapa hana4 garf •  E`aiaak unu
unun n akae ?
•  Aiaeag iarag iahan tfkoa4 - H`tarjfs atau tfiae saiar

- J`hfsag atau r`w`h

•  Nata b`eukj
•  M`rf akae nfkun ?
- Yfiae mfsa nfkun atau nahas nfkun
- Gaus, nfkun i`kjak hagap
•  Bumft euhft p`rut, apaeag e`nmahfkya ?
- Rakjat hanmat (h`mfg iarf = i`tfe)
- Hanmat (nasfg s`npat t`rhfgat hfpatak euhft)

ASAEAG AKAE I@NAN 4 Va Yfiae

Yfia e Haeueak Y`s
(akank`sfs AYAP t`rama pakas AYAP sugu ; 2:,0dB) Naharfa, gasfh ?
Y`ktueak Ia`rag @ki`nfs Naharfa ? Yfkjjf - ]`kiag - Kdk @ki`nfs
Y`ktueak ]IY (+) / (-)
Ofea Ia`rag Kdk @ki`nfs, takyaeak rfwayat m`p`rjfak e` ia`rag `ki`nfs ............................
naharfa iahan = nfkjju t`raegfr iak t`ktueak ia`rag `ki`nfs s`suaf Nferdsedpfs ?
t`npat yakj ifeukoukjf. ............................

•  Ruiag m`rapa hana4 garf • Hfgat iak p`rfesa aiakya eaeu euiue

eaeu euiue
•  Ofea h`mfg iarf : garf, apaeag • Hfgat aiakya takia-takia i`nan dh`g maet`rf 
maet`rf  
i`nan t`roaif s`tfap garf4 • Hfgat aiakya takia-takia Banpae saat fkf? 
•  Apaeag p p`rkag
`rkag saeft naharfa - ]uan e`n`ragak if euhft yakj n`ky`hurug 
atau nfkun dmat naharfa4 IAK 
•  Apaeag a akae
kae saeft banpae - Y`riapat
Y`riapat sahag satu takia m`rfeut
m`rfeut?? 
iahan 2 muhak t`raegfr4 matue, pfh`e, nata n`rag. 

•  paia s`nua easus i`nan if i ia`rag

a`rag @ki`nfs Naharfa tfkjjf
•  ofea tfiae ift`nueak p`ky`mam pastf i`nan if ia`rag @ki`nfs Na
Naharfa
harfa r`kiag

Ofea akae saeft banpae saat fkf

atau iahan 2 muhak t`raegfr ? •  Hfgat aiakya huea if nuhut
K
A Ofea ya, apaeag iahan atau huas 4
J •  Hfgat aiakya kakag if nata
A
M
P •  Hfgat aiakya e`e`rugak if edrk`a
E
P
M

9
0
 

0
1
3
  =
-
•   Apaeag i`nan
i`nan n`kiaia
n`kiaiae
e tfkjjf • S`rfesa takia-takia
takia -takia syde ? )
R
iak t`rus n`k`rus4 Poukj `estr`nftas t`rama ifkjfk M
•   Apaeag aia mfktfe n`rag if euhft IAK kaif sakjat h`nag atau tfiae t`rama
Y
N
atau p`riaragak gfiukj/jusf4 • Hfgat aiakya p`riaragak iarf gfiukj/jusf
iarf  gfiukj/jusf (
•   Apaeag akae s`rfkj nuktag4 atau mfktfe p`riaragak if euhft (p`t`ef`) Y
F
•   Apaeag nuktag i`kjak iarag • Ofea p`t`ef` s`ifeft IAK tfiae aia takia hafk E
A
atau s`p`rtf edpf4 iarf IMI, haeueak uof tdrkfe`t, ofea nukjefk R
•   Apaeag m`rae m`rwarka gftan4 Gasfh uof tdrkfe`t? pdsftfl k`jatfl A
Y
•   Apaeag ky`rf uhu gatf atau j`hfsag4 • Ofea p`t`ef` s`ifeft YAK
YAKSA
SA takia hafk iarf IM I F
H
IAK uof tdrkfe`t tfiae iapat ifhaeueak, A
M
ehasffieasfeak s`majaf IMI. 
IMI.  
PI
ASAEAG AKAE N@NSPKV AF NARAHAG Y@HFKJA Va Yfiae A
•   Apaeag aia ky`rf t`hfkja4 • Hfgat aiakya bafrak atau
atau kakag
 kakag S
]
•   Aiaeag rasa p`kug if t`hfkja4 e`huar iarf t`hfkja @
Y
•   Aiaeag bafrak/kakag e`huar iarf • ]ama aiakya p`nm`kjeaeak yakj ky`rf K
t`hfkja4 Ofea ya, m`rapa garf4 garf if m`haeakj t`hfkja @
N
@
O
A
K
N@N@]FERA RYAYPR JF_F A
•   Hfgat apaeag akae tanpae sakjat eurus. N
•  Hfgat iak rama aiakya p`nm`kjeaeak if e`iua pukjjukj eaef/takjak
•  Y`ktu
Y`ktueak
eak m`rat maiak (MM) n`kurut pakoakj maiak (SM) atau tfkjjf maiak (YM)
- MM n`
n`kurut
kurut SM atau
atau YM ? 8 -2 RI
- MM n`kurut SM atau YM ? -2 RI sanpaf -= RI
- MM n`kurut SM atau YM ? ≠ -= RI
•  Y`ktu
Y`ktueak
eak hfkjear h`kjak atas (HfHA) uktue akae unur < muhak atau h`mfg

- HfHA 8 11,0 bn
- HfHA 11,0 bn - 1=,0 bn
- HfHA ≠ 1=,0
1=,0  bn
•  Ofea MM n`kurut SM atau YM 8 -2 RI AYAP Hfkjear H`kjak Atas 8 11,0 bn,
p`rfesa ednphfeasf n`ifs ?
- Apaeag aia takia magaya unun4
-  Apaea g aia e hasffi eas
easff m`rat4
Ofea tfiae aia ednphfeasf n`ifs, kfhaf p`nm`rfak ARF paia akae unur 8 < muhak
- Apaeag akae n`nfhfef nasahag p`nm`rfak ARF4

N@N@]FERA AK@NFA
•  Hfgat aiakya e`pubatak paia t`hapae takjak, apaeag tanpae? - Rakjat pubat4
- Ajae pubat4

N@N@]FERA RYAYPR GF\

•    Apae
 Apaeag
ag fm u p`r kag ifp `rfesa
`rfe sa GF,\4 Va Yfiae
 
Ofea Va, apaeag gasfhkya Sdsftfl K`jatfl 
Ofea fmu pdsftfl GF\? a. apaeag fmu nfkun A]\4 Ruiag M`hun  
a. Apaeag fmu nfkun A]\4 Ruiag M`hun  
Ofea Ruiag ? - Apaeag A]\ suiag ifnfkun nfkfnah < muhak4 Va Yfiae 
- Apaeag fmu patug nfkun A]\4 Va Yfiae 
m. Apaeag akae p`rkag t`s GF\ paia usfa < nfkjju atau h`mfg4 Va Yfiae
Ofea Va, apaeag ifakoureak uktue ifuhakjf 9 nfkjju e`nuifak Va Yfiae
b. Ofea akae h`mfg iarf 17 muhak, apaeag p`rkag ifhaeueak t`s GF\4 Va Yfiae 
Ofea Va, apaeag gasfhkya Sdsftfl K`jatfl  
•   Ofea fmu GF\ pdsftfl & akae t`s s`rdhdjfs G F\ k`jatfl AY
AYAPAP tfiae ife`taguf, takyaeak apaeag akae ?  
- nasfg n`kiapateak ARF paia saat t`s4 atau
- maru m`rg`ktf eurakj iarf < nfkjju paia saat ifhaeueak t`s4 atau
- nasfg n`kiapateak ARF paia saat fkf4
Ofea Va, apaeag akae suiag n`kiapateak A]\ prdfihaesfs4
prdfihaesfs4  Ruiag M`hun  
•   Apae
 Apaeagag a kae ai a rfw ayat p` kjdma tak DA Y (Dmat Akt f Yum `redh dsfs) iahan 1 tagu k t`rae gfr4  
Va Yfiae  K
A
•   Apae
 Apaeag
ag ak ae n` nfhfe f dra kj tua eaki ukj i ak/ata u sa uiara eaki ukj ya kj t`r ifaj kdsfs GF\   J
atau yakj n`kfkjjah ear`ka p`ky`mam yakj tfiae ife`taguf t`tapf nasfg nukjefk ear`ka GF\4 A
M
Va Yfiae  P
•   Hfgat apaeag aia sahag satu ehasffieasf m`rat? S`kyaeft sakjat m`rat, Sk`undkfa m`rat, Ifar`   E
S`rsfst`k M`rat, S`kyaeft M`rat i`kjak I`nan, Jfzf Murue i`kjak Ednphfeasf. P
•   S`rfesa apaeag t`riapat m`rbae
m`rbae putfg if nuhut. M
•  Haeueak t`s GF\ s`rdhdjfs paia fmu iak akae ofea gasfh t`s GF\ iarf ak`nk`sa n`rajueak  
atau gasfhkya tfiae iapat ifmuetfeak, atau m`hun p`rkag t`s GF\.

0
0
 

0
1
3
= N@N@]FERA RYAYPR FNPKFRARF
-
) Hfkjearf fnukfsasf yakj ifmutugeak garf fkf, m`rf takia v ofea suiag ifm`rfeak. Fnukfsasf yakj
R
M ifm`rfeak garf fkf ?
Y
N
(
Y
F
E
A
R
A
Y
F
H
A Ifm`rfeak vft A
M N@N@]FERA S@NM@]FAK \FYANFK A Ifmutugeak suph`n`k vftanfk A ? Va Yfiae
P garf fkf ?
IA
S Va Yfiae
]
@
Y
K
@ N@KFHAF NARAHAG AYAP E@HPGAK HAFK
N
@
O
A
K
A
N
HAEPEAK S@KFHAFAK S@NM@]FAK NAEAK
Ofea akae m`runur 8 = YAGPK atau JF_F EP]AKJ atau JF_F MP]PE YAKSA EDNSHFEARF
s`j`ra.  
akae tfiae aeak ifruoue s`j`ra.
•   Apaeag fmu n`k
n`kyusuf
yusuf aka
akae
e fkf4 Va Yfiae
Ofea ya, m`rapa eahf s`garf4 eahf
 Apaeag n`kyus
n`kyusuf
uf ouja if naha
nahan
n garf4 Va Yfiae
•   Apaeag akae
akae n`k
n`kiapat
iapat naeakak atau nf
nfkunak
kunak hafk4 Va Yfiae
Ofea ya, naeakak atau nfkunak apa4
M`rapa eahf s`garf4 eahf
 Ahat apa yakj
yakj i
ifjukae
fjukaeak
ak ukt
uktue
ue n`nm
n`nm`rf
`rf nfku
nfkun
n akae
akae4
4
•
M`rapa makyae naeakak atau nfkunak yakj ifm`rfeak paia akae4
 Apaeag akae
akae n`k
n`kiapat
iapat naeakak t`rs`k
t`rs`kifrf4
ifrf4 Va Yfiae
Rfapa yakj n`nm`rf naeak iak
iak majafnaka barakya4
•  R`hana saeft fkf, apaeag aia p`rumagak p`nm`rfak naeak4 Va Yfiae
Ofea ya, majafnaka4

Kasfgatf eapak e`nmahf s`j`ra.

Eukoukjak Phakj ? garf. 
garf. 

S`n`rfesa 
Kana S`n`rfesa 

tti 
tti 

K
A
J
A
M

EP
P
M

<
0