UNIT 5.

GRAMMAR: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE,

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

1. CẤU TRÚC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
S + had + V3/ed
EX: He had gone out when I came into the house.
S + had + not + V3/ed
EX: She hadn’t come home when I got there.
Had + S + V3/ed
EX: Had the film started when you arrived at the cinema?

2. CÁCH CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ VỀ QUÁ KHỨ

2.1. ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ QUY TẮC: THÊM ED
- Tham khảo Unit 2

2.2. ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC (tiếp theo Unit 2)

Vbare V2 Tiếng Việt Vbare V2 Tiếng Việt

go gone đi keep kept giữ
see saw nhìn take took lấy
smell smelt ngửi understand understood hiểu
break broken vỡ, bể know known biết
tell told kể write written viết
think thought nghĩ hear heard nghe
say said nói come come đến
hold held cầm, nắm buy bought mua

3. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

a. Dùng trong trường hợp 2 hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho
hành động xảy ra trước và quá khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra sau.
EX: I met she after she had divorced.
b. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn thành trước một thời
điểm được nói đến trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ.
EX: We had had lunch when she arrived.
c. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác
EX: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.
d. Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều kiện không có thực
EX: She would have come to the party if she had been invited.
e. Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, trước 1 mốc thời gian khác
EX: I had lived abroad for twenty years when I received the transfer.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

a. Trong câu xuất hiện những từ như
- By: I’d finished my homework by 9 o’clock.
- By the time: By the time I got the class, the lesson had started.
- Before: The teacher had checked the answers before the lesson.
- After: I left after I’d finished the test.
- Just: Simon had just finished the test when the bell rang.
- When: I left when I’d finished the test.

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b. Tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa.
 Lưu ý: Khi sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hay quá khứ hoàn thành thì ngữ nghĩa của câu đều có khả
năng bị thay đổi.
EX: The lesson started when I arrived.
—> Khi tôi đến lớp thì buổi học bắt đầu.
EX: The lesson had started when I arrived.
—> Buổi học đã bắt đầu rồi thì tôi mới đến lớp học.

Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành

have/ has + V3/ed
—> Mốc tham chiếu thời gian: hiện tại
—> Diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ và kéo dài tới
hiện tại hay một hành động xảy ra tại thời điểm
không xác định.
had + V3/ed
—> Mốc tham chiếu thời gian: quá khứ.
—> Diễn tả hành động xảy ra kéo dài tới một thời
điểm nào đó trong quá khứ (xác định được thời
điểm trong quá khứ.

B. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

1. CẤU TRÚC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN

S + had + been + V-ing

EX: It had been raining very hard for two hours before it stopped.
S + had + not + been + V-ing
EX: My father hadn’t been doing anything when my mother came home.
Had + S + been + V-ing
EX: Had she been watching TV for 4 hours before she went to eat dinner?

2. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN

a. Diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn)
EX: I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.
b. Diễn đạt hành động là nguyên nhân của một điều gì đó trong quá khứ.
EX: Sam gained weight (=result) because she had been overeating (= reason).
c. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra để chuẩn bị cho một hành động khác.
EX: I had been practicing for five months and was ready for the championship.
d. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
EX: She had been walking for 2 hours before 11 p.m. last night.
EX: My younger brother had been crying for almost 1 hour before lunchtime.
e. Nhấn mạnh hành động để lại kết quả trong quá khứ.
EX: Yesterday morning, he was exhausted because he had been working on his report all night.
EX: She would have been more confident if she had been preparing better.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

a. Trong câu xuất hiện những từ như
- until then
- by then
- prior to that time
- before, after
- all day, all night...
b. Tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa.

C. TỪ VỰNG TRONG UNIT 5

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 STT Từ vựng Từ loại Nghĩa
1. homework (n) bài tập về nhà
2. grammar (n) ngữ pháp
3. headache (n) chứng đau đầu
4. housewok (n) việc nhà
5. flooded (adj) (bị) ngập úng
6. crash (V) va chạm
7. fantastic (adj) tuyệt vời
8. nervous (adj) lo lắng
9. read (sth) out (v phr) đọc (cái gì) to lên
10. envelope (n) bao thư
11. geography (n) môn Địa lý
12. shout with joy (v phr) reo hò phấn khích

A. Complete using the correct past perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
1. By the time I arrived, everyone had left (leave)!
2. Steve had already seen (already / see) the film, so he didn’t come with us to the cinema.
3. Tina hadn’t finished (not / finish) doing the housework by seven o’clock, so she called Andrea to tell
her she would be late.
4. Had you just spoken (you / just / speak) to Billy when I rang?
5. The car broke down just after we had set off (we / set off).
6. I didn’t eat anything at the party because .I had already eaten. (I / already / eat) at home.
7. Had you heard (you / hear) about the accident before you saw it on TV?

B. Choose the sentence (A or B) which means the same as the first sentence.
1. We’d had dinner when Wendy arrived.
A. Wendy arrived and then we had dinner. B. We had dinner and then Wendy arrived.
2. I read the book after I’d seen the film.
A. I saw the film and then I read the book. B. I read the book and then I saw the film.
3. By the time Dad came home, I’d gone to bed.
A. I went to bed before Dad came home. B. I went to bed after Dad came home.
4. She didn’t go to bed until her mum had come home.
A. She went to bed and then her mum came home.
B. Her mum came home and then she went to bed.
5. Mr Banks hadn’t arrived at the office by the time I got there.
A. I arrived before Mr Banks. B. Mr Banks arrived before me.
6. They’d bought the plane tickets before they heard about the cheaper flight.
A. They bought the plane tickets and later they heard about the cheaper flight.
B. They heard about the cheaper flight and then they bought the plane tickets.
7. The girls had tidied the house when the visitors arrived.
A. The visitors arrived and later the girls tidied the house.
B. The girls tidied the house and then the visitors arrived.

C. Write sentences using the prompts. One of the verbs must be in the past perfect simple.
1. we/ just/ hear/ the news/ when/ you/ ring
We had just heard the news when you rang.
2. I / already/ think of/ that/ before/ you/ suggest/ it
 I had already thought of that before you suggested it .
3. when/ I / turn on/ the TV/ the programme/ already/ start
 When I turned on the TV, the programme had already started.

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4. she/ be/ hungry/ because/ she/ not/ eat/ anything/ all day
 She was hungry because she hadn't eaten anything all day.
5. by the time/ I leave/ school/ I / decide/ to become/ a musician
By the time I left school , I had decided to become a musician .

D. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past perfect
continuous.
1. She was tired because she had been running.
(run).
2. They were hot because they had been dancing .
1. 4.
(dance).
3. The garden was flooded because ..It had been
raining all night.(it / rain / all night).
4. Did they crash because they had been driving too
2. 5. fast (drive / too fast)?
5. When I arrived,they had been waiting for over half
an hour (they / wait / for over half an hour).
6. When I got there,they hadn’t been waiting long .
3. 6. (they / not / wait / long).

E. Choose the correct answer.

1. I’d only .......................... the washing-up for a few minutes when Clare came home, so she offered
to finish it.
A. done B. been doing
2. Had you already .......................... James his birthday present when we gave him ours?
A. given B. been giving
3. Gail hadn’t .......................... me that she would help me, so I wasn’t angry when she didn’t.
A. told B. been telling
4. Mum had .......................... her cup of tea for several minutes before she realised it had salt in it!
A. drunk B. been drinking
5. We’d .......................... ready all day when they called to say the party had been cancelled.
A. got B. been getting
6. It was a fantastic experience because I’d never .......................... in a plane before.
A. flown B. been flying

F. If a line is correct, put a tick (✓). If there is an extra word in a line, write the word.

1. _____had_________
2. ____been_____________
3. ____had_____________
4. _____T____________
5. _____had____________
6. _______T__________
7. ______making___________
8. ________T_________
9. ________been _________
10. _________yet________
Dear Diary,
This morning my exam results finally had came. I’d been
expecting them for the last week. I knew I’d been done quite
well, but I wasstill nervous as I had opened the envelope.
Before I’d had a chance tolook at them, my sister ran up and
pulled them out of my hand! She had read them out one by
one. ‘English A, maths A, biology A, French A ... ‘This was
the news I’d been waiting for. I’d got As in every subject -
even geography, which I hadn’t been making sureabout! When
Mum and Dad heard the news, they immediately started been
shouting with joy. By the time I’d had breakfast, Mum had
already called Grandma and Grandpa and had yet told the
neighbours!