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 CHAPTER 2

Communication and
globalization

OBJECTIVES
- Be knowledgeable about globalization as an economic
phenomenon
- Explain the impact of globalization on communication

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 DISCUSSION

Communication and globalization in the 21st century introduce us to a new dimension of

perspectives. We are living in a globalized society where a great change and transformation are
evident in a variety of economic, cultural, and social changes that have shaped the world over the
years. The advancement of technological and numerous technology revolutions has been globalizing
the world into a closely interconnected society.

 COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE

Competence is the ability of individuals that relates effectively to self and others in daily life. It is
an integration of various components based on the individual’s cognitive, affective and behavioral’s
abilities.

Cooley and Roach (1984) defined communication competence as the knowledge of effective and
appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various
contexts. Their definition can be unpacked into three parts: knowledge, ability to use, and adapt to
various contexts.

1. It deals with knowledge. The cognitive elements of competence include knowing how to do
something and understanding why things are done the way they are (Hargie, 2011).

2. The ability to use. Individual factors affect our ability to do anything. There are factors that
help or hinder you when you try to apply the knowledge you have learned to actual
communication behaviors. For example, you might know strategies for being an effective
speaker, but public speaking anxiety that kicks in when you get in front of the audience may
prevent you from fully putting that knowledge into practice.

3. The ability to adapt to various contexts. Status and power are social variables that affect
competence.

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 In a social situation where one person-- say, a manager—has more power than another—for
example, her or his employee—then the manager is typically the one who sets the standard
for competence.

Race and nationality are cultural variables that affect competence. Filipino marketing officers
who speak English as their second language may be praised for their competence in the
English language in their home country but be viewed as less competent in the United States
because of their accent.

 GLOBAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE

Chen (2005) defines communication competence as an innate individual trait that is not related to
personal intellect or education. According to Chen, there are four dimensions of global
communication competence: global mindset, unfolding the self, mapping the culture, and
aligning the interaction.

o Global Mindset. Mindset forms a cycle of a global communication competence in which

individuals learn to unfold the self through the internal enlightment of personal affect or
characteristics toward globalization, to reach the cognitive awareness of cultural varieties,
and to develop behavioral skills of global interactions. People with global mindset are

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 characterized as culturally sensitive, open, knowledgeable, critical, and holistic thinkers,
and flexible.

o Unfolding the Self. On the global or intercultural communication level, unfolding the self
refers to the ability to look for shared communication symbols and project the self into
another person’s mind by thinking the same thoughts and feelings and the same emotions
as the person (Chen &Starosta, 1997). Unfolding the self comprises the following
components:

a. Ceaseless purifying. The “self” must be ceaselessly edified, constantly liberated,

and perpetually purified in order to play the most important and fundamental role in
achieving the productive living of globalizing society.

b. Continuous learning. Individuals should strive for continuous learning and

enlightenment. The continuous improvements create superior individuals who possess
a refined and elegant character and a balance of mind.

c. Cultivate sensitivity. Refinement and cultivation transform the superior individual

into an excellent one whose actions are in harmony with the high standard of values
that are universally acceptable in all human societies and whose utterance of truth sets
a good standard to the global citizens without disgracing her/his integrity.

d. Develop creativity. Unable to unfold the self to face the challenge of constant
changes and complexities of the globalizing society often leads to an unsuccessful
ride of the wave of future society.

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 e. Foster empathy. Individuals with great empathy are able to show deep concern for
others’ feelings and reactions, to adopt different roles as required by different
situations, to demonstrate reciprocity of affect displays, active listening, and verbal
responses that show understanding and establish an intercultural rapport (Barnlund,
1988).

o Mapping the culture. Respect and integration of cultural difference becomes possible
through mutual awareness mutual awareness of cultural knowledge.

o Aligning the Interaction. The behavioural requirement of aligning global interaction allows
individuals to negotiate the multiple meanings and manage complexity and conflicts in the
global context.

 DEFINITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Globalization is linked to the growth of social interconnectedness across existing

geographical and political boundaries. It refers “to processes of change which
underpin a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and
expanding human activity across regions and continents”.

2. Globalization must also include a reference to the speed or velocity of social

activity. The linking and expanding of social activities across borders is predicated on
the possibility of relatively fast flows and movements of people, information, capital,
and goods.

• THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION

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 Globalization requires the development of a person’s language ability. The ability to
use language accurately and appropriately is a requirement of a globalizing society.
Globalization impact on communication skills development includes:

1. Virtual Interactions. Modern entrepreneurs need to understand the strengths

and limitations of different communication media, and how to use each
medium to maximum effect.

2. Cultural Awareness in speech. Modern entrepreneurs and employees need

the ability to catch subtle nuances of people’s manner of speech when
communicating across cultures. Unprofessional questions should be avoided.

3. Cultural awareness in body language. Students should understand

acceptable speaking distances, conflict eyes, eye contact, and posture in
different cultures, accepting that the physical expressions of their own culture
are not universally accepted.

4. Time differences. The need to communicate and share information with

people across several time zones.

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 ACTIVITIES

NAME: ____________________________________________ SCORE: _____________

YEAR AND SECTION: ______________________________

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. If false, change
the incorrect word or phrase to make the statement true.

______________ 1. Status and power are social variables that affect competence.

______________ 2. On the global or intercultural communication level, global mindset refers to the
ability to look for shared communication symbols and project the self into another person’s mind by
thinking the same thoughts and feelings and the same emotions as the person.

______________ 3. Cooley and Roach (1984) defined communication competence as an innate

individual trait that is not related to personal intellect or education.

______________ 4. Competence is the ability of individuals that relates effectively to self and others
in daily life.

______________ 5. Globalization requires the development of a person’s language ability.

______________ 6. Competence is the inability of individuals that relates effectively to self and
others in daily life.

______________ 7. People with global mindset are characterized as culturally insensitive, open,
knowledgeable, critical, holistic thinkers, and flexible.

______________ 8. Race and nationality are cultural variables that affect competence.

______________ 9. According to Chen, there are four dimensions of global communication

competence: global mindset, unfolding the self, develop creativity, and aligning the interaction.

______________ 10. The cognitive elements of competence include knowing how to do something
and understanding why things are done the way they are (Hargie, 2011).

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NAME: ____________________________________________ SCORE: _____________

YEAR AND SECTION: ______________________________

ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Explain in your own words the Four dimensions of global communication
competence. Support your ideas with reasons, and situations that can justify your answer. Use extra
paper if needed. Please be guided by the scoring rubrics below.

SCORING RUBRICS
Needs
Exemplary Quality Adequate No Answer
Improvement
Answers are
Answers are not Answers are
comprehensive, Answers are comprehensiv partial or
accurate and accurate and e or incomplete.
Did not
complete. Key complete. Key completely Key points are
CONTENT answer the
ideas are points are stated. Key not clear.
question.
clearly stated, stated and points are Questions are
explained and supported. addressed, but not adequately
well supported. not well answered.
supported.
Inadequate
organization
Well
ORGANIZATION Organization or Organization
organized, Did not
(Answers are is mostly clear development. and structure
coherently answer the
clearly thought out and easy to Structure of detract from
developed and question.
and articulated.) follow. the answer is the answer.
easy to follow.
not easy to
follow.
WRITING Displays no Displays one Displays four Displays over
CONVENTIONS errors in to three errors to six errors in seven errors in
(Spelling, spelling, in spelling, spelling, spelling, Did not
Punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, answer the
grammar and grammar and grammar and grammar and grammar and question.
completeness of sentence sentence sentence sentence
sentences.) structure. structure. structure. structure.

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NAME: ____________________________________________ SCORE: _____________

YEAR AND SECTION: ______________________________

ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Explain in your own words the Globalization impact on communication skills
development. Use extra paper if needed. Please be guided by the scoring rubrics below.

SCORING RUBRICS
Needs
Exemplary Quality Adequate No Answer
Improvement
Answers are
Answers are not Answers are
comprehensive, Answers are comprehensiv partial or
accurate and accurate and e or incomplete.
Did not
complete. Key complete. Key completely Key points are
CONTENT answer the
ideas are points are stated. Key not clear.
question.
clearly stated, stated and points are Questions are
explained and supported. addressed, but not adequately
well supported. not well answered.
supported.
Inadequate
organization
Well
ORGANIZATION Organization or Organization
organized, Did not
(Answers are is mostly clear development. and structure
coherently answer the
clearly thought out and easy to Structure of detract from
developed and question.
and articulated.) follow. the answer is the answer.
easy to follow.
not easy to
follow.
WRITING Displays no Displays one Displays four Displays over
CONVENTIONS errors in to three errors to six errors in seven errors in
(Spelling, spelling, in spelling, spelling, spelling, Did not
Punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, answer the
grammar and grammar and grammar and grammar and grammar and question.
completeness of sentence sentence sentence sentence
sentences.) structure. structure. structure. structure.

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 ___________________________________________________________________________
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NAME: ____________________________________________ SCORE: _____________

YEAR AND SECTION: ______________________________

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Dear students, take time to relax. After answering Activity 1-3 as an additional activity, do
things that makes you feel relaxed and calm (visiting and updating your social media accounts, read
your favorite books or stories, watching your favorite movie or series, taking good care of your
plants or pets, and etc.). Attach proofs here. Godbless and Keepsafe.

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 REFERENCES

Manzano, B. A., Arador, M. V. & Ladia, M. A. (2018). Purposive Communication for College
Freshmen. St. Andrew Publishing House. 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan.

Reyes, R. (2018). Purposive Communication. OBE Compliant. Grammar-Writing-Oral

Communication. St. Andrew Publishing House. 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan.

Villacorte, A. Et.al. (2018). Instructional Material in Purposive Communication (English in

Multimodal Context). St. Andrew Publishing House. 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan.

Scoring Rubric for Essay Questions. Retrieved from: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshow.cfm?

code=F4A59A&sp=yes&. Retrieved date: September 11, 2020.

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