Ramakr

ishnaMi
ssi
onVi
vekanandaEducat
ional
andResear
chI
nst
it
ute(
RKMVERI
)
Facul
tyofDi
sabi
l
it
yManagement&Speci
alEducat
ion(
FDMSE)
Accr
edi
tedbyNACCwi
thA++Gr
ade

Regi
sterNo:H1
8BEDH003
yr
Cl
ass :I
I -B.
Ed.(
HI)
Subj
ect :I
ncl
usi
veEducat
ion
Exam :Pr
act
icet
estno-
1
Semest
er :I
V
=======================================================
====

1
.Whatdoyoumeanbyt
het
erm‘
mar
ginal
i
zat
ion’
?

 Margi
nal
izat
ion i
sthe pr
ocessofpushi
ng apar
ticul
argroup or
gr
oupsofpeopletotheedgeofsocietybynotal
l
owi
ngthem anacti
vevoice,
i
dent
if
y,orpl
aceini
t.
 Studentsfrom mar gi
nal
i
zat
ion gr
oups can be t
he t
argetof
negat
ivebel
i
efs,behavi
ors,j
udgmentf
rom ot
her
s.

2.Whatdoyoumeanbyt
het
erm‘
segr
egat
ion’
?

 Segregat
ioni
sasystem t
hatkeepsdi
ff
erentgroupssepar
atef
rom
eachot
her,ei
thert
hroughphysi
cal
divi
dersorusi
ngsocial
pressuresandl
ows.
 The Lati
nrootli
ter
all
y means “
separ
ates f
rom t
he f
lock”
,and
spl
i
tti
ngabi
gfl
ockofsheepi
ntosmall
ergr
oupsissegr
egati
on.

 Segregati
onisnotass
impl
eashavi
ng“
separ
atebutequal
”pl
aces
f
orpeopl
eofdi
ffer
entraces.
3.Whatdoyoumeanbydi
ver
sit
yinl
ear
ningst
yles?

 Di
ver
sit
ylear
ning st
yler
efer
stot
he pr
efer
red mode ofl
ear
ning f
oran
i
ndi
vi
dual.
 Accor
dingl
ysomeindi
vi
dualsar
evi
suall
ear
ner
s,someaudi
tor
y,s
omet
act
il
e
somekinest
het
icl
ear
ners.
 Visuall
earnersl
earnwell
whentheyseewri
tt
enmat eri
alsandthroughpi
ctur
es,
fl
owchar tsandgraphs.Audi
tor
ylear
nerscanlearnbyl i
steni
ngt ot
heclass.
Tactil
elearner
sneedtotouchandfeelt
oimbibeinf
ormationwhi l
eki
nest
heti
c
l
ear nersneedsomeform ofmovementt
olearn.
 Eachper
son’
sdi
ff
ersi
nthei
rint
ell
i
gences.

4.Whatdoyoumeanbyt
het
erm“
mul
ti
plemeansofaccess”
?
Uni
ver
sal
desi
gnf
orl
ear
ning(
UDL)
,asdescr
ibedbyCAST(
201
1).
 Mult
ipl
emeansofrepr
esentati
onrefer
st omul
ti
-modelteaching,
rel
yi
ngonmi xt
ureofmedi
ums(e.g.
,lect
ure,vi
deo,groupdi
scussi
ons)t
or elay
concepts.

 Mul
ti
plemeansofaccess
 Pr
ovi
deopt
ionsf
orper
cept
ion
 Provi
deopti
onsf
orl
anguage,mat
hemat
icalexpr
essi
onsand
symbols.
 Pr
ovi
deopt
ionsf
orcompr
ehensi
on.

5.Expl
ainonet
each-oneassi
stmet
hod.
I
n a second approach to co-
teachi
ng,one per son would keep pr
imar
y
responsi
bil
i
tyforteachi
ngwhi let
heotherprofessi
onalcir
cul
atethroughtheroom
provi
dingunobtr
usiveassi
stancet
ostudentsasneeded.
6.Whatdoyoumeanbyt
het
erm‘
dif
fer
ent
iat
edi
nst
ruct
ion’
?

 Dif
ferenti
ated i
nst
ruct
ion meanscreati
ng mul
tiple pat
hsso that
student
swith di
fferentabil
it
ylevel
s,learni
ng st
ylesand i
nterestscan al
lbe
successf
uli
nlearni
ngandi ndemonst r
ati
ngwhattheyhavel
ear ned.

 Onewayt othi
nkaboutdi
ff
erent
iat
edi
nst
ruct
ioni
sbyusi
ngt
he
f
rameworkof“cont
ent
,pr
ocessandpr
oduct”
.

 Cont
ent–whatyouteachandexpectt
hest
udent
stol
ear
n.(e.
g.
hoet
ocompl
etealongdi
vi
si
onprobl
em)

 Pr
ocess–Howyout
eachandexpectt
hest
udent
stol
ear
n
 Product–How youexpectt
hest
udent
stodemonst
rat
ewhatt
hey
havel
ear
ned.

7.Wr
it
eashor
tnot
eoncl
asswi
depeert
utor
ing?

 Cl
assr
oom –widetut
ori
ngi
nvol
vedi
vi
dingt
hecl
assr
oom i
ntosmal
l
,
het
erogeneousl
earni
nggroups.

 Teamsshouldconsistofatleastonehigh-
perf
ormingstudent
s,
one average-perf
orming st
udents, and one low-
perf
orming st
udents or
st
udentswithadisabi
l
it
y.

 Thus,whilether
eishet
erogenei
tywit
hingroups,groupsar
esimil
ar
acr
oss t
he class, al
lowing t
he educated t
o capital
ized on the groups
compl
ement
aryknowl edgeandachi
evehigher-
level
,coll
aborat
iveobj
ecti
ves.
  Team membersshouldbegivenoppor
tuni
ti
est
owor kt
oget
herto
sol
veprobl
emsorunderst
andmat eri
al,wi
theachhavi
ngthechancetobethe
desi
gnat
ed“TUTOR”oft
hegroup.
 While cl
assroom-and academi
cski l
lacqui
si
ti
on,st
udentsal
so
havetheoppor
tuni
tytoi nter
actsoci
all
yand devel
op t
eam-bui
ldi
ng ski
l
lwi
th
peer
s.

8.Whoar
eal
lt
hest
akehol
der
sofI
ncl
usi
veEducat
ion?

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
ethest
akehol
der
sofi
ncl
usi
veeducat
ion:
 Headoft
hei
nst
it
uti
on
 Speci
alt
eacher
 Resour
cet
eacher
/I
ti
ner
antt
eacher
 Regul
arschool
teacher
 Anganwadi
/bal
wadi
wor
ker
s/pr
e-school
teacher
s
 Fami
l
y
 Communi
ty
 Par
ent
s
 Peer
s
 Cent
ral
&st
ategover
nment
 Gover
nmentor
gani
zat
ions
 NGOs&I
NGOs

9.Whatdoyoumeanbyt
het
erm‘
Advocacy’
?

 Advocacy i
s speaki
ng,act
ing,wr
it
ing wi
th mi
nimalconf
li
ctof
 i
nter
estonbehal
fofthesincer
elypercei
vedint
erest
sofdi
sadvant
agesper
son
orgr
ouptopromote,pr
oductanddefendthei
rwelfar
eandj
usti
ce.

 Advocacyisanacti
vi
tybyanindi
vi
dualorgr oupwhi
chaimst o
i
nfl
uencedecisi
onwithi
npol
i
ti
cal
,economi
candsoci
alsyst
emsandinst
it
uti
ons.
Typesofadvocacy:
I
ndi
vi
dual
advocacy
 Ci
ti
zenadvocacy
 Syst
em advocacy
 Par
entadvocacy(f
ami
l
yadvocacy)
 Sel
f-advocacy

1
0. Wr
it
eashor
tnot
eonr
esour
cemobi
l
izat
ion?

 Resour cemobil
izat
ionref
erstoal
lacti
vit
iesi
nvol
vedi
nsecur
ing
newandaddi
ti
onalr
esour
cesforyouror
gani
zat
ion.

 I tal
so i
nvol
vesmaki
ng bet
teruse of
,and maxi
mizi
ng,exi
sti
ng
r
esour
ces.

 Resour
ce mobi
l
izat
ion i
s of
ten r
efer
red t
o as ‘
new busi
ness
devel
opment
’.

 I tensur
est
hecont
inuat
ionofyouror
gani
zat
ion’
sser
vicepr
ovi
si
on
t
ocl
i
ents.

 Suppor
tsor
gani
zat
ional
sust
ainabi
l
it
y.

 Al
l
owsf
ori
mpr
ovementandscal
e-upofpr
oduct
sands
ervi
cest
he
or
gani
zat
ioncur
rent
lypr
ovi
des.