PROPERTIES AND

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT

Science IV
Third Quarter - Module 6

EVA JACKIE LOU L. BADI

EVA JACKIE LOU L. BADI
Developer
Developer
De
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City

Published by the
Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

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This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City-Curriculum Implementation
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enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

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 WHAT I KNOW

Let us determine your knowledge about the properties and

characteristics of light. Read and answer the ten questions below.Write
the letter of your answer before the number.

_____1.The bending of light is called ____________.

a.refraction c.opaque
b.reflection d.speed of light

_____2.What color of light has the longest wavelength ?

a.red c.green
b.yellow d.violet

_____3. The bouncing back of light is called ____________.

a.refraction c.opaque
b.reflection d.speed of light

_____4. What color of light has the shortest wavelength ?

a.red c.green
b.yellow d.violet

_____5.What are the primary colors of light?

a. brown,yellow,green c. red,blue,green
b. magenta,yellow,green d. red,violet ,green

_____6. What are the secondary colors of light?

a. cyan,yellow,green c. magenta,blue,green
b. magenta,cyan, yellow d. red,violet ,cyan

_____7. When all the primary colors of light combine, it will form
___________ light.
a.white c.green
b.red d.blue

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_____8.The primary tool for perceiving the world?
a.light c.waves
b.sound d.heat

_____9.Our eyes allows us to see and appreciate the differenct colors of

light from our soroundings.What should you do to protect your eyes?
a. Watch television for a long time
b. Look at the sun directly
c. Play Mobile Legends (ML) with your friends for a long time
d. Do not stay for a long time in front of the television or gadgets

_____10.Why is light important?

a.It allows us to see and appreciate nature
c.It helps us locate things
b.Light coming from the sun gives us vitamin D
d.All of the above

WHAT’s IN?

In your previous lesson, you have learned how light, sound and
heat travel.
Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of particles and
capable of being transmitted through solid and liquid media by conduction,
convection, and through empty space by radiation.
Light always travels in a straight line when going through a single
medium.
A sound wave travels at a different speed through different media.
As it travels, sound wave is created in response to a vibration and how
easily they move back to their original position.

For this lesson you will investigate properties and characteristics of

light, describe how light is reflected or refracted and perform various
activities to show that light is reflected or refracted. To understand the
lesson, perform the activities and experiments prepared for you.

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 WHAT’s New?
For this lesson, you will investigate the properties and
characteristics of light. To understand the lesson, you have to perform
different activities.

Activity 1: How does Light Travel?

Prepare the following materials:

a. Flashlight
b. 1 piece of notebook or any hard card board

Procedure:
1. Get a flashlight and aim it a distant wall or at the ceiling. Observe
the path of light. Record your observations.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Block the path coming from the flashlight with a notebook or thick
card board. Record your observations.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Guide Questions:
1. Did the light form a straight line when you aimed it on the wall or
ceiling without blockage?_______________________________

2. When you blocked the light with a notebook or thick cardboard,

was it able to pass through it? Explain your answer. _________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. What can you say about the way light travels?______________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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 WHAT is it?

You have discovered that light travels in straight lines.The following

discussions will help you understand more about the properties and
characteristics of light.

Based from the Grade 4 Science learner’s material, light travels in

straight lines. Sometimes it bounces back into the direction of the
source.We call this as reflection. Water,windows,shiny metal,and mirrors
are just some of the many objects that reflect light.As light travels, it travels
in a straight line. However when light passes from one material into a
second material like mirror or water,the light path is either bent or reflected
back.

The way light bounces back is much similar to the way a ball
bounces back on hard smooth surface .When you throw a ball staight
down,it will bounce straight back at you. When you throw a ball at an
angle, it will bounce off at the same angle away from you.Light reflects the
same way off a mirror.Light bounces off at the same angle that it struck
the mirror.

Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one type of

material to another like from air to water.

White light has different colors which is the color of the rainbow.The
colors of the rainbow and all the other colors that we see around us are
colors that come from the light of the sun.A rainbow is formed when the
light from the sun passes through raindrops.That is why we see a rainbow
after it has rained. A rainbow is the result of sunlight breaking into different
colors.As the light from the sun bends, it separates into different colors or
the colors of the rainbow which is red,orange,yellow, green,blue,indigo
and violet or the ROYGBIV.

“Let’s Talk Science” (2020) discussed the following properties and

characteristics of light.

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 Light is all around us. It does not only allow us to see in the dark,
but the properties of light are important to many aspects of our lives.
Reflections in rear-view mirrors of cars help to keep us safe. Refraction
through lenses of eyeglasses or contact lens’ helps some people see
better. More generally, electromagnetic waves (of which visible light is one
example) are transmitted as a signal that our radios pick up so we can
listen to music. Pulses of infrared light are transmitted as signals so we
can communicate with our TVs. This backgrounder is all about visible light
and how we interact with it.

Light and its Properties

In a vacuum (a container with no air), light travels at the speed of
approximately 299 792 458 metres per second (m/s). This is known as the
speed of light. It is the fastest that anything in the universe is able to move!
For comparison, the speed of sound is only approximately 300 m/s. This
is why during a storm you always see lightning before hearing thunder.

An important thing to know about light is that it travels in a straight

line through a material.

Waves and the Spectrum of Light

Light has the properties of waves. Like ocean waves, light waves
have crests and troughs. The distance between one crest and the next,
which is the same as the distance between one trough and the next, is
called the wavelength. The frequency of a wave is the number of crests
(or troughs) that pass a point in one second. The wavelength multiplied
by the frequency equals the speed at which the wave travels.

The colours of visible light are red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, and violet. These different colours of light have different
wavelengths and frequencies. Red light has the longest wavelength, and
the lowest frequency of the visible spectrum. Violet has the shortest
wavelength, and the highest frequency of the visible spectrum. Look at
the two waves in the picture below. You can imagine how, if they were
both moving to the right at the same speed, the number of violet crests

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passing the edge of the box in one second would be higher than the
number of red crests.

There is also light that is not visible to

humans. Ultraviolet light and x-rays are also
light, but have too small a wavelength and
too high a frequency to be visible to us.
Infrared light which can be detected by
night-vision goggles, and radio waves, which
are picked up by your radio so you can hear
music, have wavelengths which are too long
and frequencies which are too low to be seen
by the human eye.

Visible light, together with these invisible types of lights, make up

what is known as the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS).

Source :Lets talk science 2020

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Primary Colours of Light

You will remember from art class that the primary colours are red,
yellow and blue. These can mix to form the secondary colours orange,
green and purple. Light has primary colours as well. But these are different
colours than the colours we use in paint and markers. The primary colours
of light are red, green, and blue. The secondary colours of light are cyan
(made by combining blue and green), magenta (made by combining blue
and red) and yellow (made by combining green and red). Computer
screens use various amounts of red, blue, and green light to make all the
colours that you see. When the primary colours of light are combined, they
make white light.

The human eye perceives colour using three types of photoreceptor

cells which are sensitive to long, medium, and short wavelengths of visible
light. Yellow wavelengths of light, for example, are perceived the same as
a combination of red and green light, as in the image above. This is
because they stimulate the cells in the eye in the same way. In other
words, pure yellow light is physically different from a combination of red
and green light, but they are both perceived by us as yellow. Did you know
that two shades of green are easier for the human eye to differentiate,
than the other colours? If you go into a paint shop and lay down all the red
and all the green paint options, you will be able to more easily differentiate
between the green shades than red. This is due to the fact that green is
in the middle of the visible spectrum.
Source :Lets talk science 2020

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 WHAT’s More?

Direction: Read and answer the following activities.

Activity 1: How Light is Reflected or Refracted?

Prepare the following materials:

a. bouncing ball

Procedure:
1. Throw the ball at the wall with smooth surface in a straight line in
front of you.Write your observation. ________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. Throw the ball at the wall with smooth surface at an angle.Write

your observation. ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Assesment 1:How light is reflected based from the experiment?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Refer to the illustration on the next page..

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Source: Science IV Learners Material.

a. Illustration for ball b. Illustration for ball bouncing

bouncing in a straight line at an angle

Activity 2: Is White Light Made up of Different Colors?

Prepare the following materials:

a. A glass of water
b. A window ledge
c. Bright sunlight
d. A sheet of white paper

Procedure:
1. Set a glass of water on top of a table exposed to bright
sunlight.You may use an open area in your house that is free of
obstruction.

2. Place a sheet of white paper on the table.The table should be

positioned at the back of the glass of water.Observe the rays of the
sun that passes though the glass.Write your obervation. ________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Refer to the illustration on the next page.
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Source: Science IV Learners Material

Assessment 2:
Answer the following questions based from the experiment.

1.What did you notice about the sun’s rays that passed through the
glass of water when they strike the paper?_______________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2.What were the different colors that you saw? Where do you usually
see such kinds of colors? ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3.Is it possible to obtain the same results using an artificial light like that
of a flashlight?_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. What does this activity tell us about white light?________________

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Source: Science IV Learners Material.
Activity 3

Direction: Based from the experiments and discussions, you have

learned that light has different colors. Now, draw and illustrate any
thing that resembles the different colors of light.

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Assesment 3

Direction: Answer the following cross word puzzle below.

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 WHAT I Have Learned?

Direction: Read and answer the questions below.

Describe the properties and characteristics of light.

a. Reflection
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

b. Refraction
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

c. Waves and spectrum of light

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

d. Colors of light
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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 WHAT I Can do?

The next activity is the application of knowledge and skills that you have learned from
the lesson.

Instruction: In the discussion of the lesson you have learned that white light has
different colors which is the color of the rainbow, now draw a rainbow and color it
correctly.

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 Post assessment
Direction: Read and answer the questions below.Choose your answers
from the box and write it before the number.

refraction red reflection violet

red,blue,green white rainbow straight
primary tool in perceiving the world
magenta,cyan, yellow
Use sunglasses

_______________1. What are the primary colors of light?

_______________2.Light travels in _________ lines.

_______________3.When the light of the sun passess through

raindrops, _____________ is formed.

_______________4.The bending of light is called ____________.

_______________5.What color of light has the longest wave length ?

_______________6. What are the secondary colors of light?

_______________7. When all primary colours of light are combined,

they make___________ light.

_______________8. The bouncing back of light is called ___________.

_______________ 9. One way of protecting the eyes.

_______________10. Importance of light.

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 Additional activity

Direction: Do the activity below based from the Grade IV Science

Learner’s Material.

Activity: “Is White Light Made Up of Colors?”

Prepare the following materials:

a. Shallow elongated tray
b. A window ledge
c. Table
d. Mirror with stand

Procedure:
1. Set a table near a window facing bright sunlight.
2. Set a tray of water on top of the table.
3. Rest a mirror upright against one edge of the tray.The mirror
should be facing a wall.Make sure that the mirror will not fall.
(Make use of a mirror with stand)
4. Look at the wall where the ray of sun is projected.Write your
observations in your science notebook.
(Refer to the illustration below)

Source: Science IV Learners Material.

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Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. What did you notice about the sun’s rays that passed through the
glass of water when they strike the paper? ___________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. What were the different colors that you saw? Where do you
usually see such kinds of colors? __________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

3. Is it possible to obtain the same results using an artificial light like

that of a flashlight?______________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

4. What does this activity tell us about white light?_______________

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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 21
What I Know What’s More?
1. A The teacher will check
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. D
What’s In? What I Have Learned
The teacher will review 1. Reflection
2. Rainbow
3. Straight
4. Red
5. Violet
6. refraction
What’s New? What I can Do?
The teacher will review The teacher will check
What’s Is it? Post Assessemnt
The teacher will review 1. red,blue,green
2. Straight
3. Rainbow
4. Refraction
5. Red
6. Magenta,cyan,yellow
7. White
8. Reflection
9. Use sunglasses
10. primary tool in perceiving the world
Answer key
 references

Abutay,Lelani et al.,Science Learner’s Material(Pasig City:Department of

Education,2015),38-48

Properties of light. From https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-

resources/backgrounders/light-and-its-properties

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