ĐỀ THI SỐ 23

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows different sources of air pollutants in the UK
from 1990 to 2005.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.

Sources of UK air pollutants (million tonnes), 1990 - 2005

8
Air pollutants (million tonnes)

0
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Total air pollutants

Industry

Transport

Households

577
 PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ BÀI

Dạng câu hỏi: Dạng biểu đồ đường (line graph) thể hiện xu hướng tăng giảm theo
thời gian, vì vậy ta cần chỉ ra xu hướng của từng đối tượng.
Thì sử dụng: Quá khứ đơn (1990 – 2005)
Đơn vị: Million tonnes
Cấu trúc bài viết:

Introduction
Paraphrase lại đề bài, tránh việc lặp lại từ vựng từ câu hỏi
The line graph Illustrates = describes Various = several
= The chart

The graph below shows different sources of air pollutants in the UK

from 1990 to 2005.

Between 1990 and 2005 Causes Air contaminants

Overview
Nêu ra những đặc điểm chính của biểu đồ:
- Nhìn chung, tổng lượng khí thải giảm dần theo thời gian.
- Tác nhân chính gây ô nhiễm không khí là công nghiệp.

Body
- Body 1: Phân tích số liệu năm 1990:
+ Tổng lượng khí thải (7 triệu tấn).
+ Industry (5.5 triệu tấn) > Transport và Households (1 triệu tấn)
- Body 2: Miêu tả xu hướng trong 15 năm tiếp theo:
+ Tổng lượng khí thải giảm đi 4 triệu tấn, trong đó khí thải công nghiệp -
Industry - giảm nhiều nhất xuống còn 2 triệu tấn.
+ Tương tự, khí thải từ các hộ gia đình gần như không còn đáng kể trong khi khí
thải giao thông tăng lên 1 triệu tấn.

578
 BÀI MẪU

The line graph compares the quantity of emissions released into the air from four
main sources from 1990 to 2005.
Overall, the total number of air pollutants declined over the period shown. While
there was a downward trend in the amount of air pollution from industry and
transport, the opposite was true for households’ figure.
In 1990, nearly 7 million tonnes of air contaminants were emitted from all the
sources, with the largest figure belonging to the industry, at 5.5 million tonnes. At
the same time, transport and households were responsible for about 0.5 million
tonnes of air pollutants each.
Over the next 15 years, fewer pollutants were discharged into the air, with the
total figure declining by about 4 million tonnes at the end. In particular, industrial
air contaminants recorded a decrease of about 3.5 million tonnes in 2005.
Meanwhile, the number of air pollutants from transport increased to one million
tonnes in 2005 while households almost did not emit pollutants into the air
anymore.

GIẢI THÍCH TỪ VỰNG

• Emission (countable noun)
Dịch: Khí thải
Nghĩa: Gas, etc. that is sent out into the air
Ví dụ: The government has pledged to clean up industrial emissions.
• Emission (uncountable noun)
Nghĩa: (formal) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
Ví dụ: The emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

• Pollutant ~ contaminant (noun)

Dịch: Chất gây ô nhiễm
Nghĩa: A substance that pollutes something, especially air and water
Ví dụ: Sulphur dioxide is one of several pollutants that are released into the atmosphere
by coal-firedpower stations.

• Release something (verb)

Dịch: Thải ra
Nghĩa: To let somebody/something come out of a place where they have been kept or
trapped
Ví dụ: Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.

579
• Discharge something (verb)
Dịch: Tỏa ra
Nghĩa: When a gas or a liquid discharges or is discharged, or somebody discharges it, it
flows somewhere
Ví dụ: Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory.
• Emit something (verb)
Dịch: Tỏa ra, thải ra
Nghĩa: (formal) to send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
Ví dụ: The machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the button.

• Record something (verb)

Dịch: Ghi lại, lưu lại
Nghĩa: To keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer
Ví dụ: Unemployment is likely to reach the highest total that has ever been recorded.

580