CHAPTER 3

INDUSTRIAL
LANDSCAPE

Cherrie Mae Cedilla SS41 Mr. Jaime Matibag

 OBJECTIVES
1. Know that is industrial landscape
2. Discuss the variable that affects industrial landscape
3. Explain the theory in industrial landscape.

REVIEW
Try to imagine what your life would be like without any
machines working for you. At one time, humans, fuelled by the
animals and plants they ate and the wood they burned, or
aided by their domesticated animals, provided most of the
energy in use. Windmills and waterwheels captured some extra
energy, but there was little in reserve. All life operated within the
fairly immediate flow of energy from the Sun to Earth. The term
“industrial revolution” is a succinct catchphrase to describe a
historical period, starting in 18th-century Great Britain, where the
pace of change appeared to speed up. This acceleration in
the processes of technical innovation brought about an array
of new tools and machines. It also involved more subtle
practical improvements in various fields affecting labor,
production, and resource use. The Industrial Revolution began
in England, which was by 1750, one of the wealthiest nations in
the world and controlled an empire that covered one-quarter
of the world’s landmass. It started with England’s textile industry,
which was struggling to produce goods cheaper and faster for
growing consumer markets. As the population grew in England,
more people needed textile goods. In the late 18th century, a
series of innovations created by savvy businessmen and factory
workers solved many of the difficulties in textile production.
 The action of man on the territory, because of the
development of productive activities or consumption over
time, has resulted in a physical, social and cultural reality, which
is reflected in the landscapes through specific architectures
and iconic elements. Thus, throughout history, industry has
played an important role in the construction of new landscapes
and the conformation of cultural scenes, many of which
surround us today and can only be explained by the footprint
left by industry in the territory. Industrial landscapes are a fact
that must be paid attention to, because they provide their own
elements that are themselves pieces of history, that transform
the physiognomy of the places where they are located.
 The industry has exerted an enormous influence over time
with respect to the modification of the natural landscape, both in the
fields and in the cities. It has left us a past related to a rich culture of
production that can and should be conserved, recovered and
integrated as a heritage reality.

PHILIPPINE CITIES AND THEIR NICKNAMES

CALOOCAN
Some dubbed Caloocan as the
“MOTORCYCLE CAPITAL” of the country
because it is famous for having a lot of
motorcycle dealers and spare parts dealers
especially in the area of 10th Avenue.

LAS PIÑAS
was dubbed as SALTBED OF THE
PHILIPPINES. The Las Piñas shoreline along
Manila Bay. livelihood there included farming
and salt-making. The salt was graded and classified as either tertia,
segunda and primera. Tertia salt had the most impurities and was
darkest in color. This salt was used with dry ice to preserve ice cream.
Segunda salt was used to preserve fresh fish. The wholesale seafood
trading communities in Navotas and Malabon were the main buyers
of segunda salt. But Las Piñas was most known for its Primera or First-
class salt which is fabled to be as white as snow. Primera salt was
distributed to all public markets of Manila and used to Flavor fine
dishes.

MARIKINA

Marikina is known as the SHOE

CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES because of its
progressive shoe industry. It is also the
home of the world’s largest pair of shoes
certified by the Guinness Book of World
Records. One of the significant factors that aid the success of
Marikina’s footwear industry is hard work, inventiveness and
dedication of each shoemaker to the craft and passing their
knowledge to succeeding generations. Marikeños have regarded
shoemaking as a way of life and because of this it yielded a million-
dollar revenue during its prime years. Another factor to consider is the
growing acceptability of Philippine-made footwear in local and
international markets, coupled with the perseverance of the industry
and local leaders in promoting the product amidst the many
challenges it faced.

DAGUPAN CITY - Dagupan City is

the only independent component city
of Pangasinan's four cities. Dagupan is
known for its pond-raised bangus
(milkfish), which is said to be the world's
tastiest and juiciest, making it the
“World's Bangus Capital.” (Different
technique)
 LA TRINIDAD BAGUIO

STRAWBERRY CAPITAL OF THE PH.

The festival started out in 1981 as a way
for former Mayor Hilarion “Abe” Pawid to
encourage local farmers to farm
strawberries instead of the usual
vegetables that Benguet is known for.
The town eventually became known as
the Strawberry Capital of the Philippines and have celebrated the
Strawberry Festival every year since.

HAGONOY BULACAN
AQUACULTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES.
Hagonoy is mainly a fishing municipality a
venue for trading aquaculture products.
The town offers a variety of harvests which
includes prawns, shrimps, milkfish, tilapia,
crabs, mussels and oysters. With its
abundant water resources and the coastal
nature of the town, the majority of the population is dependent on
the fishing industry.

MEYCAUYAN BULACAN -
Meycauayan City is very
famous for its jewelry and leather
industries. For years, Meycauayan
has been the hub of jewelry
production in the Philippines and in
Asia. Rings continue to top the list of
products manufactured followed by
earrings, necklace and ladies terno.
.
So, what do you think is the reason why they are known for their specific
nicknames? *LOCATION IS THE ANSWER* there are many variables that
determine whether an industry will prosper; however, location is one of
the most important. Over the years, geographers have focused on
several fundamental industrial location theories to explain why
businesses and industries are located in particular locations and predict
which locations help a business succeed

JOHANN HEINRICH VON THUNEN

(1783–1850).

The Von Thunen model

of agricultural land use (also called
location theory) was created by the
German farmer, landowner, and
amateur economist Von Thünen. He
made the first efforts to identify the
factors that account for the locations
of industries. His ideas gave rise to the
subsequent work of German
geographers such as William Lanyard
and Alfred Weber who were
instrumental in the development of
Least Cost
Theory.

ALFRED WEBER

Alfred Weber’s first significant work

on industrial location theory was
published in 1909 in where he predicted
that industries would locate based on the
places that would be the lowest cost to
them. He took for granted that industries
are naturally competitive and aim to minimize their costs and
maximize their profits. Much like Von Thünen, Weber did not try to
explain actual real-world locations, but instead concentrated on
identifying those factors that influence all industrial-location patterns.
According to Weber, three main factors influence industrial location:
transport costs, labor costs, and agglomeration economies.

TRANSPORTATION
Weber felt that transportation
was the most substantial factor in
determining the location and
that industries wanting to locate
where transportation costs are
minimized must consider two
issues: the distance of
transportation to the market and
the weight of the goods being
transported. Regardless of the
method (ship, rail, truck, air),
transportation cost is determined
by the weight of the goods being shipped and the distance they are
being shipped. The heavier the goods and the farther the distance,
the more expensive it is to ship.

LABOR
Because labor costs vary from place
to place, and because these differing
labor costs are the product of
variances in wage rates and worker
efficiencies, Weber thought of labor
as a distortion of the original
transportation pattern that was driven
by transportation costs. Accordingly,
after finding the best location relative
to transportation costs, he considered how labor costs influenced the
location of factories and plants. To do this, Weber plotted the spatial
variances of transportation costs to create a transport cost surface.
He then contrasted regional labor costs with regional the pattern of
transportation costs.

AGGLOMERATION
Weber also employed a classification
system based on local and regional
factors. Local factors included the
influences of agglomeration and
deglomeration. Similar businesses typically
gain an advantage when the cluster or
agglomerate (centralize) in a specific
location. Deglomeration is the tendency of
industries to decentralize or disperse from a
given location when rent becomes too
expensive and impacts profits.
Weber argued that there are two significant ways in which
firms benefit from agglomeration. In the first place, it could bring
about the enlargement of a factory, thereby leading to more
significant economies of scale. Additionally, agglomeration allows
similar industries to benefit from being near one another. This is
because they can share specialized facilities, services, and
equipment. In his analyses, Weber considered only “pure” or
“technical” agglomeration. He did not examine the impacts of
“accidental” agglomeration (concentrations that occur for other
than reasons associated with spatial economics).

The definition of these industrial

landscapes does not respond, in most
cases, to a conscious design or a pre-
established logic, but rather they are
the result of a process in which
necessity, contingency or chance have determined their design. Also,
this concept of industrial landscape is not linked to a static concept,
but dynamic. The obsolescence of procedures and machinery, as
well as technological advances, continually forces us to replace
elements or structures with others that respond to new functional and
productive needs. That is why we must understand these landscapes
in a constant evolution, where elements belonging to different
historical moments overlap. Thus, dams and electricity producing
plants have become fields occupied by wind generators or covered
with solar panels.

REFERENCES;
 https://www.landuum.com/en/interventions/industrial-
landscape/
 http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/landscapes/landsca
pes-shape/industrial-landscape/
 https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/chapter/5-1/